Precious metals - reliable protection for 5,000 years
The Taurus Sachwerte ​​AG is an independent reseller of physical precious metals. We sell precious metals
in the form of bars and coins. The buyer acquires the physical precious metals to his personal property.
Secured by tangible assets
We have found the signals of impending global crisis for our customers and implemented correctly. Meanwhile, the precious metal prices have doubled, so that our customers are optimally secured against
losses.
Silver industrial demand is expected to increase by 36 percent by 2015
Market researchers expect a significant increase in silver consumption, since more technologies rely on
the precious metal and the industry has no alternatives to replace the metals.
“The most important precious metal in history is silver, not gold.“
Nobel price winner Milton Friedman (1694-1778)
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Contents
Precious Metals
5
Silver
6
Gold
10
Platinum
14
Palladium
18
Advantages
22
Stock photos
24
Contact
26
3
4
Precious Metals
Precious metals are produced in varying
amounts. While around 20,000 tons of silver are
produced, the amount of platinum is only about
180 tons.
But the central banks hold about 30,000 tons of
gold, half of which is accounted for by the U.S.,
Germany and the International Monetary Fund.
In Asia, making gold stocks from a much smaller
part of the total reserves. In some countries of
the Middle East and Asia, there are less than
three percent, which will provide in the coming
years to further stimulate demand.
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chemical symbol „Ag“
6
Silver
Silver is rarer than gold. Few people currently
own silver. If every European would want to own
silver, each one would only get half an ounce.
Precisely the situation we have now. Investors
are paying attention to silver now due to the
rising gold prices. For diversification in addition
to gold you can now buy silver too.
Silver is a convenient investment and everyone
can and will afford it, as the price rises. While
gold now reached new highs, silver is still far
from its historical high price. Historically, silver
was in its big brother gold price history for ever
to surpass its performance shortly thereafter by
a multiple.
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Design and appearance of silver
Melting and boiling point of silver
Silver occurs in nature, as well as gold, in solid
form (as a pure chemical element). It has a
grainy shape or forming a wire-like, ramified
braid. It is also found as an alloy with gold and
other metals and in minerals such as Argentite
and Chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as
a byproduct by refining copper,gold,lead and
zinc.
The melting point of silver is 961.78 degrees
Celsius (1234.93 Kelvin), the boiling point at
2162 degrees Celsius (2435 degrees Kelvin).
Reach of Silver
The estimates by scientists about the scope
of resources vary between 13 and 30 years.
The largest reserves are attributed to Poland
(140,000 tons). On top of that silver can also be
recycled for use in the industry.
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Density of silver
Silver has a density of 10.49 g/cm3, and is one
of the heavy metals.
Features of Silver
Silver has the highest electrical conductivity
of all the elements, and the highest thermal
conductivity of all metals.
Flow of silver
Applications of silver
The following states are among the largest silver
producing countries (tons of silver in 2008): Peru
(3,500), Mexico (3,000), China (2,560), Chile
(1,900), Australia (1,880), U.S. (1,260), Poland
(1,200), Canada (800). In 2008 a total amount
of about 20,800 tons of silver were mined.(by
comparison, the flow rate from 100 years ago:
6,320 tonnes).
Silver is applied in the manufacture of:
• glass, mirrors
• catalysts, solar systems
• refrigerators, water treatment
• batteries, plasma screens
• musical instruments
• silverware, cutlery, sacred objects
• in medical technology (antibacterial effect):
silver coating in endoscopic devices,
in silver-containing wound dressings /
ointments, silver alloy in dentistry
• jewelry and Coins
Silver demand
8%
Industry
Photography
Jewelry
Silverware
Coins and bullion
7%
19%
13%
53%
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chemical symbol „Au“
10
Gold
Scientists have calculated that only 45,300 tons
of gold can be mined. This corresponds to a
residual degradation time of the gold reserves
of about 30 years. The annual gold production
is only about 2,400 tons. Demand, however, is
located at about 4,100 tons per year.
Known asset managers have in the portfolios of
their wealthy customers still significant integrated
gold shares for asset management and
insurance. The central banks of the economically
most important countries in the world store tons
of gold to ensure the public finances.
Gold offers effective protection against economic
crises and currency reforms. The focus is on
capital preservation, not an investment.
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Designation of Gold
Melting and boiling point of gold
The name comes from the Indo-European word
gold „Ghel“ which means „shiny, yellow.“ Even
the Latin word „Aurum“ is aimed at the color
property of the gold, because it means „Yellow“.
The melting point of gold is 1064.18 degrees
Celsius (1337.33 Kelvin), the boiling point at
2856 degrees Celsius (3129 degrees Kelvin). If
gold melts, it loses its characteristic color and is
more yellow-greenish. Only when it is cold / frozen again, there is the golden yellow color again.
Amount of gold
The estimated amount of gold that is currently
still in the earth‘s crust, is given by experts
with 0.004 ppm (parts per million / parts per
thousand), or 0.0000004 percent. The countries
of South Africa, China, USA and Australia
promote together more than 40 percent of the
world‘s mined gold. An estimated 155,000
tonnes of gold have been mined since the
beginning of mankind. In 2005, the worldwide
stock 153,000 tonnes (or about 8,000 cubic
meters of gold). Most of the gold have the
following countries and institutions: central
banks and other monetary institutions (28,600
tonnes), USA (8,100 tons), Germany (3,400
tons), International Monetary Fund (3,200 tons),
France (2,900 tons). 25,000 tonnes of gold are
privately owned (coins, bars). 79,000 tons are
processed in jewelry, 18,000 tons in art objects.
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Density of gold
Gold has a very high density of 19.32 g/cm3 (grams
per cubic centimeter).
Flow of Gold
Areas of Gold
The following states are among the largest gold
producing countries (tonnes of gold in 2007):
South Africa (252), China (275), USA (238), Australia (246), Peru (170), Russia (157), Indonesia
(118), Canada (101). Worldwide 2007, nearly
2,400 tons of gold were mined (100 years ago
there were just over 600 tonnes).
Gold is used in the following sectors:
Gold as currency
Gold coins were used as payment for the first
time in the 6th Century before Christ.
• in jewelery
in decoration, on artifacts (ranging 1 g gold
leaf for 1/2 square meters)
• in optics - because of the large reflection
of yellow, red and infrared wavelengths
(coating of glass, mirrors, laser mirrors,
lenses)
• in electronics - because of corrosion
resistance, approachability and ease of
processing (gold plated circuit boards,
connectors, contact areas, contact closure,
bond wires made of pure gold)
• in medicine - because of corrosion
resistance (dentures), healing effect
(rheumatism)
Gold demand
18%
7%
1%
7%
5%
2%
2%
51%
7%
Jewelry
Electronics
Other industry
Dentistry
Bullion storage
Coins
Medals
Other retail
ETFs and similar products
13
chemical symbol „Pt“
14
Platinum
The name derives from the Spanish word
„platina“ and means „little silver“. Platinum is one
of the noble metals, which means that only a
very few chemicals react with platinum or attack
by oxidation. It is 30 times rarer than gold and
has a mass Atomic properties of about 5 parts
per billion.
Platinum is like gold – easily malleable and flexible.
The metal has excellent catalytic properties. Since
it will not tarnish, platinum for jewelery fabrication is
well suited.
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16
Designation of platinum
Melting and boiling point of platinum
The Spanish conquistadors found in the washing
of gold small silver-gray beads that they did not
know and called the material „little silver“.
The melting point of platinum is at 1772 degrees
Celsius (2045 degrees Kelvin). The boiling point
at 3,827 degrees Celsius (4,100 degrees Kelvin).
Platinum deposits and mining
Flexibility of platinum
Platinum usually occurs together with other
platinum-like metals, such as palladium or
rhodium, and is a by-product of nickel refining.
During the early 19th Century, the most platinum
came from Colombia and later from Russia.
South Africa is now the most important country
when it comes to the mining of platinum. In 2003
140 tons were produced, in Russia it was only
half, Canada and the U.S. are far behind on the
3rd and 4th place. More than 6 million ounces are
produced annually.
Platinum can be stretched well, but is still very
stable. 30 g of a light platinum piece can be
stretched into a more than 3 km long wire.
Density of platinum
Invention and uses of platinum
Platinum is denser than gold: 21.45 g/cm3
(grams per cubic centimeter). After osmium
and iridium it is the element with the third largest density.
Thomas Edison used a platinum wire as a
filament in his light bulb. platinum was also used
as a switching contact in the first telegraph,
and a platinum coil served as a catalyst for
the production of nitric acid. About half of the
supported platinum is now used in the industry
for the preparation of catalysts (for cars).
The second most important customer, the
jewelry industry is (often referred to as alloy of
94% platinum and palladium or copper 4%).
Furthermore it is used in thermal elements in
crucibles for glass manufacture, rocket fairings
or medical implants.
Platinum demand
31%
Automotive catalyst
Chemistry
Electricity
Financial assets (ETC)
Gems
19%
7%
3%
13%
17
chemical symbol „Pd“
18
Palladium
The word „Palladium“ is derived from the
Greek term „Pallas“, the Greek god of wisdom.
Palladium is similar to the chemical behavior
of platinum, but has a lower density 12 g/cm3
compared to platinum with 21g/cm3. The
melting point of palladium is at 1555 degrees
Celsius, which is the lowest compared to all
other platinum group metals, such as rhodium
or iridium.
Palladium has remarkable catalytic properties
and although it tarnishes easier than platinum, it
is still well suited for jewelery. It was discovered in
1803 by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. Until recently, palladium chloride used for
tuberculosis treatment and it playes an important
role in nuclear energy.
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Designation of palladium
Melting and boiling points of palladium
The English physician and chemist William Hyde
Wollaston dissolved platinum with aqua regia
and found the material, which he named after
the then recently discovered asteroid Pallas.
This in turn has the name of the Greek goddess
Pallas Athena, the patron goddess of sciences.
The melting point of palladium is at 1555 degrees Celsius (1828 degrees Kelvin). The boiling
point at 2,963 degrees Celsius (3,236 degrees
Kelvin).
Palladium deposits
Palladium comes together with other minor metals from mining platinum and is also derived
from copper and nickel ores. Major producing
countries are Russia, South Africa, Canada and
the USA.
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Density of palladium
Applications of Palladium
Palladium is less dense than gold: 12.02 g/cm3
(grams per cubic centimeter).
As well as platinum palladium is used in the
manufacture of catalysts for use in fuel cells. It is
used in hydrogen cars, as it purifies the hydrogen.
White gold is an alloy of gold and palladium and
is used in high quality jewelry (it will not tarnish
and is very tough and durable). Palladium is used
for dentures, medical instruments and aviation
(spark plugs).
Palladium demand
16%
Automotive catalyst
Chemistry
Electricity
Financial assets (ETC)
Jewelry
11%
48%
19%
6%
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Get Your Benefits
• Buying precious metals as security for your
future
• No terms of the contract of storage, flexible,
terminated at any time
• Purchases from EUR 1,000 one-time payment
possible
• Bearing visit possible
• Your precious metals are 100% physically
stored for you and saved as private property
• Both gold and silver bars correspond to
the standard according to the LBMA Good
Delivery Rules
• Your precious metals are stored
underground in secure safes in the Swiss
duty free warehouse
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• Free precious metal mixes
• Cheap storage fee
For managing a precious metal bearing, you
only pay an annual storage fee of 1.5%
• Upon request, you have instant access to
your precious metals
• An annual inventory report keeps you up to
date
• Inflation protection and capital preservation
Unlike certificates, digital precious metal
accounts or ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds)
to acquire 100% precious metals in physical
form, are reported in ounces and grams.
• Zero-rated
By storage in bonded warehouses in
Switzerland, you save the VAT on the
purchase of silver, platinum and palladium.
Gold is exempt from VAT.
• Payouts
This can be done in a bank account of your
choice. On request in foreign currency.
• Tax Benefits
No withholding tax.
Additional gains from the sale of precious
metals after a holding period of one year,
according to the current tax law (10.2009)
tax-free.
• Fast and individual settlement
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Stock
24
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Contact
Taurus Sachwerte AG
Sales Coordinator
Heiligkreuz 15
Postfach 860
9490 Vaduz
Liechtenstein
Galler und Schuster – strategische Anlagen
Im Römischen Hof
Unter den Linden 10
10117 Berlin, Deutschland
ph +423 263 44 44
fax +423 263 44 46
ph +49(0)30 700 140 367
fax +49(0)30 700 140 369
www.taurussachwerte.com
[email protected]
www.galler-schuster.de
[email protected]
Reserves
Replace to protect your assets and your financial freedom a part of your reserves
in precious metals.
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Image sources
• Silber-, Gold-, Platin- und Palladiumbarren
© Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 4/5
• Silberbarren © Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 6/7
• #15588402 © Sebastian Wolf - Fotolia.com - Seite 8, 26
• #23023056 © Thomas Leiss - Fotolia.com - Seite 8, 26
• #35330742 © digitalstock - Fotolia.com - Seite 8/9, 27
• #28264357 © Rainer Plendl - Fotolia.com - Seite 9
• #38104105 © Thomas Jansa - Fotolia.com - Seite 8, 27
• #40483198 © Christian Nitz - Fotolia.com - Seite 8/9
• #38250008 © Kitty - Fotolia.com - Seite 9
• Goldbarren © Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 10/11
• #40798172 © MeeRok - Fotolia.com - Seite 12
• Goldbarren © Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 12, 26
• #41767715 © Klaus Eppele - Fotolia.com - Seite 12/13
• Goldbarren © Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 13
• #27275194 © Luftbildfotograf - Fotolia.com - Seite 12, 26
• #10747412 © Sabina Schaaf - Fotolia.com - Seite 12/13, 26
• #19214729 © johnnychaos - Fotolia.com - Seite 13, 26
• Platinumbarren © Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 16/17
• #31331414 © seen - Fotolia.com - Seite 16, 27
• #40160548 © bloomua - Fotolia.com - Seite 16
• #27128186 © flashpics - Fotolia.com - Seite 16/17, 27
• #11120209 © gg24_de - Fotolia.com - seite 17, 27
• #15398238 © photographer28 - Fotolia.com - Seite 16, 27
• #26594979 © photographer28 - Fotolia.com - Seite
16/17, 27
• #40660341 © werbefoto-burger.ch - Fotolia.com - Seite
17, 27
• #69030991 © dien - Shutterstock.com - Seite 18
• Palladiumbarren © Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 19
• #34390532 © kitson - Fotolia.com - Seite 20, 27
• #21099022 © hfng - Fotolia.com - Seite 20, 27
• #31842115 © Nneirda - Fotolia.com - Seite 20/21, 27
• Palladiumgranulat © Heraeus Holding GmbH - Seite 21
• #38007580 © Pixelmacher - Fotolia.com - Seite 20, 27
• #8198473 © shurik - Fotolia.com - Seite 20/21
• #44545027 © B. Wylezich - Fotolia.com - Seite 21
• #41341844 © Guido Vrola - Fotolia.com - Seite 22, 27
• #13564684 © James Steidl - Fotolia.com - Seite 22
• #3333780 © Christopher Nolan - Fotolia.com - Seite 23
• #2953833 © thomas owen - Fotolia.com - Seite 22/23
• Heraeus Edelmetalhandel Hanau - © Heraeus Holding
GmbH - Seite 23
The rights to the remaining pictures are owned by Taurus
Property Values ​​AG.
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