Homo narrans: the role of narration in the emergence of human

Homo narrans: the role of narration in the emergence of
human language
Bernard Victorri
To cite this version:
Bernard Victorri. Homo narrans: the role of narration in the emergence of human language. En
grande partie traduction de l’article ”Homo narrans: le rôle de la narration dans l’émergence ..
2007. <halshs-00153724>
HAL Id: halshs-00153724
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00153724
Submitted on 11 Jun 2007
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.
!"#$%'&(%)&*+-,$.-0/#1%20,*0.2!3.
457698%:-69;=<?>A@CB(D$6769>
E"FHGAGJIAK7L7M(NO0PRQ
STOUQ$VWYX[Z$L3\F#Z]XIAK7LT^_Xa`#b$ZcdVe0Mf$gWgh3\)b]`HGiXb$Z7j%LCVkeX'F$`#K7L
lmLCX'`$F$Xan#oqp-IrKGsb]XXIutvLC`$w[o x]X
y z { 8B(6CD$;%|%@CB(>AD$8
}~0ummqC#J~$um#C#Cm0~$7C#7$k$~$~dH7q#d7Ad#7sAr7]HC#u(
C+C#$$qs$$C=##J!3#A ¢¡-£3~#?A¤$77¥- ~$A7~=¦~#9(7¤§$+¨!$~$$'0s~$u0A7A¤$¥u~
~$1©(C-(ªs#u(#¬« b]®bLCX[L7KGsZw 7$¤*C(9~#¯A« b]?bvw'F(°0IALC`$w *#± ®)#77s]~$d§#kd
77k?H7$A7¤1§$²7A#$qC0s$(77Ys=~#7$?$As$³q7´0~$#s#A¤-¡%£~$u
r$(]#77dq¥d~¯±C#7$7#rHrJA7¤]#7¤~dH=CA7]]HC#k¥-~$dTs?u#¤](s7sJ7~$77¤
~$¦(q?C¤~$?$u#(?$~7=C##$µ¥H ±~$r7~(s#7?]§#CHY$(Uqq-9s-qCd~(#$s$-µ7d
q7q$'~$9±#C$s7#§#s-s$#rk¯¨7#(7sd([¡]¶Y C¥ ®~$ ~$C#Yq±#¤$C'qC$¤uT~$] ·
$k-¸±C ±J$A7C#-$µ#C²$-7'?µ7¤¹qv=sd¦7¥"~17Cq#¯7+~7³A7]]HC#k¥
®~$r7~*7rµ ±7¤*#³#k¯A]?q)d7C#1º»kCq9J*C¼qCdu½$7#¸±C s$A7*k-$qs$$C(
A =[¡
¾-ss] s$¿AC#Cq²À9Á9Â$Â$Ã]Ä(¥¶?~¯AH~m$(7~7²~$$J#A¤¨m C=¯¤$ ±7¤1 ~
$(ds7]HC#Å q~$]$$q¼*7¤Æ-²~Cs#$uqCd¦$q#9s]±-Ç~7vA7$]HC#1§]$
®~$r7~Ç ±]Tuqk¤$(J®-A¦7(T$7-ÇH$rqs$§#]$È ~C(7q¯¤$$] ±È#Cd9]µ§#AY(k¯A$¥#J
®~$r7~+$(C#Ak(A¤$C(sm7+7-®#¯qq$~$rkC#~$d$($#Cus]¡#¶É ±rr3A7CH
d(A¤$U~Ç$(]§#r7Ê-~?79#7$?$$(dµ¯]%9#?dH7~¨Ë(C#C¯$~a0À¸¦#]§#C®Á9Â$Â$Ì$¥
¸±d'¯AA·Á9Â$Â-Í¥Î#Ã$Ã$Ã$¥»7#]Ïd~$C'qÄ~$C#Ð(~#] ?Ñ~$v~$r$§#s7 À§$(s$-s$Ð#Ò~$
È Óº77~$Ak7rrA7²¶dq7srs#7$È-#C7¤$¼Ô?(7¿Y($+ÕÖ}Æ~$q7×Á9Â-Í$ÍÄ®7C²§#+¤$77Y ±~³u(#Ø
¸±C s$A7?#C'q#7qµ7¥##7r~$9(Uu37=($i$s®(77¤$sJC#7ArC§#A]¡
¶ ®sr7~CqC#®C]+qC¤=~$?7$dq]#C'(µ¯aH?$~$?C¼7T$u#(?C¤ÅrH$qs$=$~$
$(ds7]HC#]¡Ù#$Ç$~$$'(¥-ss#U¿_r9#C$ÀCÁ9Â$Â$Ã$¥Á9Â$Â-ÚÄq¥Cs7AÛ~$"ÇsC¼#A7$± ±]!Ç$3(
7J²q7u#((¥37$¤Å~m0$( ´7$dsdH]%(J¹¤d#(r1~#C##$µ-3« b]®bL7XLkKGJZ]w s#~$](
~*~$v##7dqµ$?~$»§(7J%¡¦Ù#±vd~$C'Å¤$#7s$Ü¯Æ$¨(q³s=$?#A =¡¾$
sqC#k7¥¸±¯A¤ÀCÁ9Â$ÂÁÄ9]Hd3~$"U77Ak¼#A7$=k#s¤~$Ç§#77s~$-A7U§¯$(Y~$
77ÝdHu(qs$0Å#?§##rA79#77¥ ~$A7~$¥77$(¤ds$=q1~$s¥uAs$#7¤Å q~~$C$#C(qs$-
7$?#rq±~7=A7]]HCH]¡-Þ¦uH¯ss$¥~$?$$J+~]d~d(u~T¶0$77¤+C§#]$~Ç$(d$s7]]H9
7$-(u(®$(?s#C§#rA»qv#$#Å(9q=]¦sC-A$CÔC#7d(~¦CÅd$~$1sk¤Aq
#%T$¨~Ç#79Ca¡£3??#$] sk¤]#7¥~$uTrT#$J$Ç ?~$A7~7s$~$$'TC$(k]¡
£Tß¼$#s7sà~$á(9-(qs$ßu(-â$(dµ¯]%9#áßs7]]HC#k¥±¶+ ?srCq]HÆsßqC#]#$~$
7C#77=-mÅ7r#s¹-m7-?$A7qs$ ?~$A7~²7]µ¤»~$C¹qCqk¤Å~$$(#7daY~$
A7¤q~$®77ÝdH(ªs#=-~®H9#77AAÇ$($#CAdT~$?~dH7=r7]%C#?um7$¤$] k¤ ~¡$¶(
~$r(dq7q¥R ?~¶=#$#d?§#7s$]%á~³7q9#º$Ç~vÈ rH#s$$77(7¤$Èa77$9µ¨¥Us
®~$r7~C$$(#7C~dÇ%7~+]¸±¯A¤À9Á9Â$ÂÁÄY7¤Åã?$A$~dÉÀCÁ9Â$Â-ÍÄm7C1§#A777¤$¥7(dJ1 q~
~$ºÈ 77~$7$u'±¯(7¤$ÈY(k¯C(s1 ~$A7~ß77à§Æ]#$¤ßsàä3s$#C²À9Á9Â$Â]å$Ä$s×¿_r9#Cq$
ÀCÁ9Â$Â-ÍÄ¡£"~!$]#7%H$s$uT~$ÇC(iHÇuH$A$$¥ ®~$A¯~7$quqd!Ç$3TJ#$q9d
%(9#?TA7]]HC#?s+7r7$dq7?#$(C¢~dH7+(#¯Aµ¥-§#U~kq7C~$-s$-sk¯AJ+#¤$C¢!r
$(7C$qsHu#(7q9#7¥C¤± ~$A7~u!-3k#'Ç]]$(k77~$$dµ¯]HC#7¥ ±~$qC3
]$%#$¤$C%~$uqC=¡Þ? R sr(77¥]~$$9(i##µk¯±k¼-A7s%$~$?#77sA7A]
$R~7A7]]HC#k¥3¯¤(¦7C#7$77]s¤~kH?§#7Å~¤$77uaµHq7q]~m¼-A7sR~#
¤$JqC(7$$¤$qJ$Ad3§u kC]#T¤]i(7C7dq(TC¤®~7iT7s¨7]%(JTss#æk¯¤-9~$7u¡
#z |1:$8A:$8$|%:$5
5k@7>q>r@7>sB(>r5
$-~$J#$qC±~$#¤- ®~$7¤$7Js$ ~Ç~UuH#¨~qi-s-r7]HC#Uuq
s#+$R~$s(§$k¼7s-s$+$($#Cµd ~$A7~+C(~#C7¤¢§$7A~dH7q]HdmÀ#$iHC'¯um-
~dH71A7]]HC#9ÄY7¤¢ ®~$A¯~+9(0q~$C(k¤¢§$]~$Cm7$ÇH$rµ²q¯mÀ#7sA¯ªAdm-
~dH71A7]]HC#9Ä¡ §$#µ%(s$¥~$7~$7#7dm9(Ç~$mH7~=$($#CusdmC(?(7Aq7¤+r#$¤#¯7dq7
uµ#$0r7]HC#±~ ±C(Ç~$Cu(-Ñ~$?§#7-s$$s$%¡Þ¦uH7sJ¥37]¹$~$$'0%(s]1~$u
~$#¤1#%mC¼#7i%(iH¯s-$qA±$#Cus]_A7]]H9#]¡ÞÇA0rq9ds$1um#7r¤q
(77dAÇ$($#Cµd(¥%7$¤~$u00#9~C%071A#uC3 kC-]'mJ~üH¤$s]¡%Ù$$dqC¼+?
$]0§##C#A7q7¤$¥T$Yk#'7¥§]$¦(77dqs]¦¤$](9Hd¦d®?H¯~¹7(µ¤-Cs$³7¤»C³A7k¤q
#9¢¤$s9(7dTk¯ª%(s-¡ !-$$s]=$q¼#¥$ä3s$#C!C$¤?¿s#-·ÀCÁ9Â$Â$Ã]Ä(¥d3 ±7J¨3¿_r9#Cq$
ÀCÁ9Â$Â-ÍÄ*d'7¤Û$($#us]vss#×(k#'(s-·7$¤ ~$AC(CC~$A77+¯?§H7¤$¤$s$Û~$1s)# #u#(7
A7]]HC#Ç q~=s$-Adm7¤Å$(7A7$]HC#d¡#ÞT U sA(k %T ±¥s#$$J+0(77dqs]0]
±¯s#iHd!U#9¤AqC(7d-µu#(Y ?~C(~dH7r7]HC#Ç9$#d9'3]§#C=q#77rA¦7$-¯s(
®~$r7~9(Y$]#¤s±¯Hr7]HC#]¡
$ -s$#k¯AA?q7u#(¦T~dH7=s7]]¨C#?7$$79-T~$?C¼$$d(s$=-s]¡ 0(C
s$-A770A7]]¨C#d(¥§(A»7dqC7]?sv~dH¯vA7]$HC#d®C¹s$~#CCdqi*¤]$#7A77u¡T£3~$
§#](A?a¯qC$kd0s 7$u#¯ ?A¯]HC#]!C(Ç!(±©~$Çq7] Q#b$KCXaFHGJL7wmIJwY®b]X9GiF S kLCX +ÇF$`
IJw®b]X9GiF ¥§]$_(~$9 GwGµF$X9GsLCnvX'F#Is`#IJ`j ¥ "! $L #d%F #&IJww9GsI 0KC'X %IJ`j ¥!( ALCF 7*L )F$X[Irw¢GJb]®bXaXb +
®b]X'`#IJ`j ¡$¶¢d~$CT ](¤-¥~dH7=r7]HC#d09(?¤$](i##7¤Å$Yq#7C#J+T¤]$#7rk¯3(uHs$
C¤1C#7(Ys+ÇHC(A#A¯¤1¤$i(!7$$9(¥C#¤~]umu0$]3~$7d$R$7A7]]HC#]¥
d(~ ®Ç§$?~7$?-AC¼#$¨q7?#$(C#s$-AÀ7(-¡ ,Ç§$§#C LGF Ao Á9Â$Â-ÚÄ[¡
¶ s-$$($(77ra7J¹T~$Å77sCq#CR%7¤Åq²¼$$d'_¤#7A77(uHqs$7$¤
¯((¥ s#¤1~$_7s~7²r7]HC#]#ä(d®7$?#Ak¼Ôq7=¦$YC#9'¦¤$C#]q7¤³
#9²q#77rA(77dqs7qC#$¨Ëdq7a¡-£3~$7qC#+$dqkuHCÅ¤sqC(7d!u(- ~!
qC#($ËdqkC9'(¥%$]3~$Çs(7As$Å§Hu ±7C(uHqs$+¯¤¢~-7dÉ!(R§7J$
7dqs7¤=Jq#777~$¥-§$T(~$9(¥~ ß~(uHA$=((7sT§H7s]=#A ±7¤ q~(#73(
] ?sdqCq$7-C##Àq¯(-¡ 0-?(sÁ9Â .$Ì]Ä¡7¾$3s-q9#77¥d~$¤$sqC(7#7R§Hu 79Y« /L +RF$w0K7X[b]w'wIs`]j
G ! 0L #dX[IJnj%L=b]`#L ! b$Z]X?Fj%b C¤« L=KCXb$w'w[LCnÔG ! 0L #dX[IJnj%L=b]`#L ! b$Z]X?Fj%b r¦_=ÝdHdus$²-s=
(s#7~$u ®áCdq77d¦(7CYq»#_#7(¡¿R$0~k¹¤$rqC§$~$7s¦]#7uH7Tku#(dË¨~$
i¦$$(~$] ~$C('(s]*ds = C1s##s]*¦U¤d#(Jv(?$-7'(s$#¥" ~C(7d¦~$
(k7¤Ç~$] ~$Cä(JdTY#s§77#?-Aqk¤#7da¡
£3~$³s#q9$7#7s*~dH7)A7]]H9d¢C$$]?§³]#C7%k¤¡Ó*C]A7]]H9d¥d
~$s#U$3sqC71À !#7$¤£~$$?%($Á9Â-ÍÂ]Ä(¥$~$HY$(9qs77Cq#C'T%qC-7¥]~$]#$~
~$C±¤$~k]#7$$~$7d¡7Ó*7]]~$93s7]]¨C#d(¥#Js#?Ù#rC#Ar7]HC#]$TJ#qC7À7a¡
Ù#C~d#Á9Â$Â$Ã]Ä(¥"#'d'®¤$s9(7dµk¼#A77$(=¦À=C#k¤§$*kC(7!¯qi¼H]Ä¦¦0#9§H¦J
$(¤$»¼$$(da¦dq#duHCT¤us$s$-[¡%£"~C(7$(7¥3dq#7Hq7YHC¹C¼]qC#(µH7s²u(- #
A7]]HC# qĆd~$C(¥1§$³~$ #C$C¯7qC#´$*d#7)rÆ7Cq7s$J¬ $³~$
#$k(C'(s7%(77dqsR$iHCa(7#-~7s7]]¨C#]¡
}~¢]#7?%(7rHÇ$ 2¹¶A=d*qà(7~$±d#k#$J(~$³kCd(7m-A77v$Ç~#
$9(iH»rH$s$*$?A¯]HCH]¡Þ¦uH7sJ¥mq#7®u¦(k¯ss*$7¤$7¤³ ~$7³~¹##7m~$
7$±H$A7qs$×u(A-s(7¤dH7k¤ºu(C#(u(s-Æ7uH¯¦s$(qs$¡0¶r+7u() $u~
$]s7s$~$~$C±u!$(77¦T#uH7$]s$Ys=s$#rk¯%A7]]¨C#d¥C¯=s~¨?¤$77sJ$
~q7?#¯%s$#r4¡ 3±] C(¥%dq#7!rmC§(#$q7µ+7d(9¢T~$Ç]##(0$$Cq(s$%Ë-
7ss ¢~$YC(]d(CCC#7du($ Ç#k¯AAY#s3$#A ¥#¤$C#C¤s$$Ç~$Y(9rs-
§#u 77Ç~#739$¤Ç~$C~C(7qC'T$Ç ®~$s7~Ç~$YC(q]3#%d¡
Þ¦uH7sJ¥U(77dqs]qC#a»(¯su§#±¼$#A¯A$7¤*JvqC=$?$9(qi#»77~¯$u(=¡Þ
#$Jq7¤=]]3§$¢£#q$C0À9Á9Â$Â$Ì%ËÁå#Â$CÁ7Úå$Ä(¥$qC-?C¼$$ad']~$¦(7rs$§#u 79+Uq7?#C%-
C¤1Uq7?#$(7#A ?##Jq¥%C$¤~®q7?#$(C%#A #$J!¤$C#C¤¨É~#?7~$-sk$3~$?$Cq($9Ë
$]~$s]ÜJA7]]HC#v$(7d~³$Cq(q]C~$$-»~$v-7d=#k77~]~$»qC®#(7
#A ®#-sda¡£3~$uYu0 ~]=q~$?$(](7dTqC#(k¯²(7d(sJ+§H±%7¤Åq#?#d0$0u~$ks-
¯(¡]¶q~$u07$$$kµ¥ ,Ç'7rs=ÀCÁ9Â$Â$Ì]Ä!7$¤ã?©7J¢ÀCÁ9Â$Â]å$ÄT~$CHU$#(7¤7$?-Aq¦-¤$7u
$s7$¤ÜdH7¢sÛ(CC(7?A7]]¨C#d(¥?s) ~$A7~àH7=u¤$7s#7¤àsqC=(7rs$
§#u 77=~$?qC?#$(73-%_À77Ark¤ 9(7qC(C#7sqC#7 =$ kdCs$sdqC¯ 7Ä_7$¤Å~±s=
sdqC¯!-~$=C#7¤$(#7da¦$¦#7da¡£3~$d1-¤$Cu?(~ Ê~$_sJ$]Huqs=9#C'¦#Éqs=
C¤àdq#7¢C(³#C(q7qiÜ7¤$C]q7¤×$9(s$%Ë~$)#7C#977$#CÜ~$u= sr³$(k¯ua
q¯®#(7% s#¤$ =$Å~7d(0~$0~± ±7d(0]]É=~$=qC#k¥3dkd(sJ¹_Jm~$ ±d¦
#A7C#C¡
§%(CHsÔ-1~ ¯à#s$¤Ñ77Û§#à7¤#àC§$¹d~$C*(77dqs]Ô¤$-7s(¥=J#7iH¤$J$
¼$(d(s-¹-Çq#µ¯T(7Aqs#(¥±-¤$7rªAd¥7$rC7$¤²C#7#C¥q]¡TÙ#C¯A1q7=¦d
(k¯ r#C(q70s#s7A7T9s$$(qs¦~$7$rq¥§$-~k±C(Y#9k%$$rTTYC(]
®~$ ±Cd(3q]d(CTs~$u0] ?? ±C#]T]TJC#s#C+(7$d!7$¤=C#7((¥ ª~$=¤$i(kTsJ$
~$È ~C(7q¯¤$$] È7(uHs$¡
!%+rAµ%(q~$¢#-sd§$)~#vC¼#7-A*-±-¤$7rªAd[¡R¶¢u 7AÇ#$] ~=sà7$
A7]]HC#](¥#¤$7C#Ca?k¯qC#+_rkdmu ®¹#9Ô¤$s9(7d¦77$s$(¥!77rA7¤ C-uq¯A C¤ ¤$7$dA ¡-¾$YsqC7 ¦F s !]#ru(~~$]_¤$7$dµk¯$s$1 ±~$7mr?$$]#´- #]L
FA"b +0LCn¹GJb ]0s b$ZÅ¦F ²w'®b ]L ! L¯X[L ¥%7$¤+¯¢C#(qCA77$s$ ~$7+!77=§#?#C(C#~]d(7¤
§$ °0L7X ! F(°w ¥%]0J G¨¦F »XaF#IJ`+Z°ÜG ! LCX[L ¡#£~$a¯Çu#?-T¤$uqJ#sÉC¼#(0T~$?77$J$%
$¨~~C
!]#Ju(~#¤-7$HC§% K9F$` ¥ ®Z]w9G ¥-d 7JH]~$7i!7ÝdHiH¯A7dsd~$C3¶q$¤$# #q$#7C
A7]]HC#](¥#C¤7]±(Y§#](A¤$dËã¦$$s$CHdTsuC§#]$u ±Cdu±r7]HCu-àqC
d~$9=¯rAr+A¯]HC#]+À'Ù#J-q£"i§#qC$¥ÞY$$(r7¥Çq¡ Ä=]((Cs]Ü77ÝdHi#7A7d¢
®Z]w9G ±~§#]~=¤$7$dµ?7$¤=C#uq7r?77$s$ÉÀã¦($$$s$vÁ9Â$Â$Ì%ËÂ]Î#Â ]Ä¡]¾%q$Ñ?s#A77%#-sd
$#AC ¥~$AR(ªuHµ=a77=C§# C]¡$£3~$Y]©~$#7iHÇ$ ±~$Tu!d'a9q7¤A#9¢¤$s9(7d
s³~$Åu ±*7d((¥07$¤)(-²a¯qC$k±C(177rJº7?§#s]H%¥0d ZXwb]`*ÇF ºw?b LIJ` ! Irw
#]LCn$X[b$b] ¥ ~$9(×~$×u ±ÐsdqC$[q's$-º¤iHCq#ß¤](dqs77AJH¡=£3~$C(7$(7¥1ªvu*¤$rAª»q
#$¤$9'qC¤ ±~]à~$)#~$7$#7$$ß*( 7$-ßsÛ~]H7ßr7]HC(¥A7$quqd²
7$$$qµ»§]#(¤$7$1#kC#C(¥R ~)~$C#»qà(7s¦~$²(J#~dk¯$s$ÜC#C*s¹~]((
u(7Ýd¨7dCq#C'TCY$(d(7sÇ7dqC7]¡
~$~C0~$7$¤$¥s3 ?-iHÇ#=~$Ç$1Cq J$$(qs$=$(-kd'(s$+#-sd!$#A Ê7$¤1A
±7#(A¤$C~$s7]HCRH$(T9(Us'$¯s$q$u9#H'$Cq(i#Çd7d(¥]~$u'H¦77
§#+7AC(Jqrk¤¡Þ®(~$] ?²§$C#C(7As$]u(UÀ'Ù] (C=Á9Â$Â$Ã$¥ Hss-r¦Á9Â$Â$Â]Ä(¥~$1¯7dqAd¦-
#¤$7C#Ca077§#®7-?#Aq7µÅC¼$#r7s#¤ÅsqC=0-Tk7d'[¡Óá-¤$7%C#Ca0C(¦#C(73
s#¤A7q®~q'u%0$"~± Òa77®~!rR§7J$¹#$#7¤ ~=(dq#7T~¢77$d~!~$C#
7i(7k¤+§#7+7$-Hq7¤+ÀC(¡7u(=¾H7$$$ACÁ9Â$Â .]Ä¡H£"~777dmu(- ~$(#µa77$d0
~$¦$ ·$$?k¯§Ç#77(C¢À$=d~$9#~?q] (¤-!7$]~$C0(uHµÄ(¥ %3#'(i§#A?ÀTµ7]
u ®1#'~-mA77¤$J$$$Çq¢~#$#7¤=$C Ò(k¯#7$¤~$]~$C0©Ä(¥%0s?#'(i§AÀ$1#~
~$ (k¯CÄ¡£"~da=¤$sµ#¦C(~Å_s#$uqCdm$$Çu-Ð~$#-s$#A ´-m
$9(iHÇ$(#7daYs ~$A7~+777~+$ (77$um7#H'q7¤u($ ±~$!um¯ (7¤¢$(da7d!s~#
sdqCa#§ 'kiÇH77Y$(#¤dH77¤Ç§$®$(C#s%"¤ua7]#'(¡dÞ¦$¤Ç~$(¤$sµ#TC(R~$s$#d
~$C($(9qs77A ¯7¤ s ¯] A7]]H9d[¡Y¸uqJqs§u ±7Cß9-uq7rº¯¤à(7¤$A7d
77$s$±77*®7]#'(1§#k¼$(]'7¤s*7]*r7$]HC#k¥!§$~$C*9(r]arH$¤$77dq7s¥RA]
§#](AJA7]]HC#ÇHq7=¡
£3~$(7³(7C+~$#s¤×$+C$]~$91s#uqC1$$(7qs77?Cq#C'9Ëm¤$¯±--(i#
$($$]#-ÉC$¤+¤$qCs#C¡$¶=±Ä7]]HC#mÀ$]¹k¢7rA¯]HCHdÄ(¥%¤$7$(Hd0~$CH
u ®+¤]JqC(7d3%d(¥%77sA7¤=7#C-~qs?7$¤=¤$7Aqs]¡#£"~C+77¯qC1¦(7C%7u¥$(d7d!J~$
(uHµ¯7$dq¼]!À¤$7sqsU%a9Ä(¥%]0¤$d(i#$q®?¤Aa7#a(?C$¥- ~$A7~=~$C %3§#77=C#7¤
ÀCC#~$$µCÄ¡TÙH9~³q7r=7?§HµH7A7$=~$]§#77~$$]#$~$iÔ¤u(a(7¤»§$rs$]Hu(
À$?=(C#A ±¥Ra71$?sqC#kÅã?A7i§HCÁ9Â$ÂÁÄ(¥3 ?~»q³J#¤v]$ª(?k$$qiH1]¤$µH¡
$7$(7¥3mkC~$9(¤s§#?#$¤#C'q$-¤=s7s#(qs$$$-7'(s$²u(7 $#¥ ®~$JAmu
7d(AJ¹C¼$#r7s#C§#AÅs~$=s$-s=#RC(i#=k#HµH¡¶ ±=77C]~Åµ¤$7~$!~$=7r
]§ (7qi#+-A¯]HC#1uÇ³$i#=-~7$-7-s$$rk¯!$(da7$7qvCs~17dqqsd®7$¤kH7(
#7¤§$~Ç¤$ua7#a(7¥-ªT!]§$#s]%~$~$Y%(®%~$¯ÇCq#C'$T(7C(s$q(79]
±¯s0?¤$u(7]#'=¯ªs?u®¢Cv7A7r7R ±C²³9$¤$] Ð~$(=¤$ak#'=7dqs]Y q~~$
(7¹H$ÝdHqsC§#r³$d(7$³s~³JqC'-§ a7Ci#q#77]¡¶q¥Ys7]HCC$#7Ca+d+
§#uqC=¤$#µdq)$µHv(9]]~vqº~»$~¯-7$$s#A77?C¼#uq9$7v-¦ ~$u¯A¤$¥R~¯vq
C#(Ç(7#(R(C#(u(s#uH7-s$$±µH¡
ÞY!rq¥"dq¼H7~+77+7Å§#C¼$#A7J#k¤1s~#¢7ua7 $%¡#£#$CmÀCÁ9Â$Â$Ì%ËuÁå ]CÁåÍÄ
~ ~$_$(Cqs7707$-Hs$-¥" ~~$7¢s=(Ad¥77§#Å#A ±7¤¦$( (7s$-®-
§Hd(A=C§(7¦u$sd ¡ 3±1~$] ¦71~$_C?§#¤$¤$s]7$¤(7#a(s¹77²7¹§#rC ±7¤²d
$( (7qs$-¢q$*$]qs]#¥Yu¡ª]¡!7-?§#s-s$º#§#](A²k§%(7u$ºJ(A¤$¯~C¡TÞ?~#
$]s7]¹À£#q$C)Á9Â$Â$Ì%ËuÁ9ÌÁÄ(¥Ç~$u#r -+$(7=C¹d )¤]$#7Aàq7 #1sdq9(7Aq7¤
$(7µ777$-Hs$- ¥-sÇ ?~$A7~?§#](AY$(7sk¯H7$-Hs$-3C$(d¯%§#](AÇq]s]¥
C$(kdY q~³kH9(77$$$qi#=rs$]us~$kµ¥ÉH7~²d ,Ç$s¤]§HC u R$-Hs$ ,(77
À ,¦µ¤§C Á9Â$Â-ÚÄ¢¯¤)£T¯A =7#7JH(u+$(7C=sqC(+$* k(k³¤]$#7A] ÔÀ£7s
Á9Â-Í$ÍÄ¡3¿R$±Cd~$CJ#$qC®$dqkµ¹#~#C-7$7¥ ~$A7~)~$]§#77º¯#~$]( 7¤á§#
uµ¯H$(7C~7q(0À ,i $³Á9Â$Â-Ú¥ 3±¯sAr¤#CÁ9Â$Â]å$Ä(¥r!#C(~$CÉC#7=$(Ç(7sCH7dT$
]#¤]u(%(s-¡¦£3~$d#~$7$-±¯#)7r? ª~$s×~#º¤$7s $ ~$r¹d7sA¤ 7s-$(s$
H[u#( *1À !7±§(77~dÔÁ9Â$Â]å$Ä+] krµ¯(7dqCá#Ca#7qi# ¡Y¶Ü ±¤-À
7$$7u(+7$¤v77#(q=$(d(7qs$$¥R7 ®¯ ®7rs*C$¤ !=ä3$sAÁ9Â$Â .$¥7~$C%¡$ÚÄ(¥~$r¤$#7r
7$$79m7J%~$$q7qs77~¯$u(=m-9(7¤§$A7]]HC#]1sdq-¤dH7? ÊCqsd¥C#7(
C¤á(7Aqs$À ~$A7~*C(²77rA7¤ $C ½J$$(µ A¥Y$ -% $ ~7 sÄ(¥É§$ 7$7~(s] ~$7 sq=Çu(7 $¢7-?#(7¤?§$~Ç7dqqs](¥#7d(!7$¤(7ss$!7J77¤](~$9(7¤± ±~?~#
7¤$¤]('(kÛÀ7sA7¤ $#$#¨(ªs$ A¥ q$$s $ u~¯ akÛ7u( ~Û¤$uqJqsÑ§#u ±77
$(rA %7$¤ A7$¤$C s 07]#kC#C 0$$qi# ,(7C(¥ !7]H7C#9ÇÁ9Â-ÍÌ$¥7¤±~$?ds-
$ (C CC# Ås As-s v7¯Aqs$à~$7$*¥ ss#r²Á9Â$Â$Ã$¥»Á9Â$Â$Â]Ä¡¦¶u7rkC~$=~d(
77~$7$u'=_C(#9µACsqC(d0m$Cq(H]##¨d(¥qs$±~ÅHk7d_0C(s-
¤$C#C¤¨ÉCH7A7rJÅ~$?C#k¯ªÅ-TC#$-s]+$ ÊC~$9(7qCa0$0#7(0$~$$sÝd¨Ç§#d(um-
®~$0~d_¯s(k7¤§#77+]$0$Å~ÅqC#]¡-Þ¦uHCsJ#¥($~daÅdq7s77~¯$u(=?7d
Ci¯s²k77µHk¤¹$$9(i#77¤(¥H¯~]R~±C(s% C(7qC(7$k7(79-s]q7= ~$
7C?§U]#$¤J7]r7]HC#]TÀ7(¡ ®C ®7sJ7#¤ !äsAÁ9Â$Â .%Ë ÎÍ$ÚÎ#Â$Ã]Ä¡
£T¹#C( 7¥%!$~##7sA¯ªA]0-T~dH71s7]%C#k¥H ±~$r7~¢¤AqC(7dqsq?!u(- ~C
C$A7T7#?H$A7qs²q7Å_]R ±7rTd_u(-Òu$$s77T7$¤~CY$(7A7]]HC#]¥(77Ðq
§#º¤s(7i rs$#7¤×qß(²C(iÆuH$qs$¡¦£"~7(C$(7¥#s(µ§HA)~]$#]~$d(u²u1~=~$
$9(iH?H$s$=um3~$¦($d!T~dH7=r7]HC¡-£3~$u0u ~$!um7r7s¤¢§$=ÓáC+£#$C¥
sÒ~$u)(7u(](~$s$Ð§###¥ 4! LETIuGsLCX'F$'X \)Is`$n ÀCÁ9Â$Â$Ì$¥C~$C%¡$ÍÄ¡ 3± dHd~vC(iH
rC#s-s$=s'"C(¦d!CJ#¤$iA¤dH7%7$$$qi#¦k§#Ar¥-(dªs$=u(-ß~$¦JC(7]Ç$3~$-s#r¤
#CC(7A]##(»sq¯sAJ#77³7$¤*7$H¡£~¯¥É~¹#9(i#vH'u#(7¥mCi(k7¤*$d(7d±r
s#¤iHA¤dH¯¦s#¤¨¥Y~$]§#k¯*$( a7q7¤)sdá~$7]?H$rkµq¯±¥R(C-($(J$sdq
~dH7A7]]H9#]¡]£3~d(¥#T£#$9(¥ª3r~UuH$qs$$7$k7¤-q¯sAJ$=qµd~$~]3$(#¤dH77¤
~dH7=r7]HC¦$(#9s]¥9$¤1d~$®~C ±kÅC(]#$¤$¥%dÉ7¤d##7q7¤§$~$Uq9#¯(0$~$
7A7]]HCHÇ§#s$$($¯Ñ~]#~d(u 1(~C(7¤=§$$
R~$$=$ÀCÁ9Â$Â-ÚÄ(¥äsCmC¤¢¿_s#-ÊÀCÁ9Â$Â$Ã]Ä(¥
±¯sHd¿_r9#Cq$ÀCÁ9Â-Íå$Äa¡dÞ?3~Ç(C"À£#q$CÁ9Â$Â$Ì%ËuÁ9Ì]Î$Ä9Ë
ÇäC~C%á~Û7J C]H¯²~$Ô$(CC)%*CqraÛs ~$Ûs#¤$µHA¤dH7»~7 §7J$
¼¯i(iH¯sú(- -Ð#k¯A7A]##( ¤$#rk7¥»#Cqs77rs´7#¤$7¤Ò7$¤Ð##§#s#s#s77AJ
¼$(d(k¤$¥Éu~$$(CC?uq$vC§#ª(C¥R-§A+C$¤Ýds$²vCu1]~$C ?u(¡¿0$sY~$
s-i%77²*s7]]HCH²77ÝdHu(µ*uU$iv~#»µ¯]HC#²7s$q¯?~7C'¥É§$7r)7Jm-
$9(iH»AC-s#s$#¥YJ#7iH¤$J7r_-U~áHq7==u(-Ø ~$A7~#9(i#²rC#s-s$*(CH((¥
~$9(ÇrT#r%(µ§HJ¢7C(C§]H$¤$77Ç#(]#(7$$§µµ!7$¤Ýd 3 ª~$]$T9 (ku#(J=
#k¯A7#¤$C#AdRsdq#¤dH7É~¯ H¡
#z 5 %6CD A5 Ð"D B 585k:$6 BD]B(": 5 B(>r8%@CB(>AD$81"D :$6C@ :$>A@ £#$CÈ !$($#¨¯%u09$#77rs$Å§7%(?!7§#¦$Ts¯Aµ ª~~$?A]0qC0$3~$-s#r¤
-$qsH¡ $=#É~Å±Ÿ] 7sJ$k(¦§$!~$-s#qs²uY~=k¼s#s$²-m7J±_CA
~$ß9(C~$7A« b]?b w'F(°0IALC`$w ¥+J#7iH¤$J æ7$¤$Cu~$7u¡Þ¦77$(¤s Ð9qC?#$(C ~$k(s]
#$#$uq7¤Å§$+§#]~1#7s7#C~]($#µ$7$¤1#$]µs-+#7$qs]À((7$sqC7 É s)Á9Â-ÍÂ$¥
0C#7srA'Ù-$ Á9Â$Â$Ì$¥#£TrqCaq9JTÁ9Â$Â-Í¥#¤$
3rCÁ9Â$Â-ÍÄ(¥#Cs~¤-(77$¤#7d(T$$« b]®bSRX[L7KGsZw ¥
®~$¤$rq#C(7¤7s]#C~UÞ¦$7A7d%}Æµ¤$$ArAs-?#79'TC##¥-9$¤Ç ?~-iH7¤µ-77sJsdq
¤$JqC(7d_$(#®$C¯~7r« b]®b³Q$F(°0IrLC`$w ¥¤$a9-#79(7¤á-§%7ÝdH7dqivÀ((-=~$i»~%C$¤
#kC'09#Å$æ7C¤$C~¯uqÄ(¥C¼#79]q¥7]#'(7¥H#77A](¥7$s$=(# (7rH$(#sµHs-
s ÉdÞ¦u(rk$#~¤](7¤~$]%(C¤Å#kC'mC#%¡-¶uAY~C(¤qÅ#$¤$CaqC¤¢ ®~]³H7~1sdq7srsH7d
§#7s$%À~Å§$(7s( $0æk¯¤$C~¯u¦ ]C¯*(sJ#~dqi*AC#CÇ~Cv]#'qÄ(¥ Cs0k¤-C]qk¤¹
#9µ%T7]#i$7dq7#7$$¤$qs--¥ ±C(9(d(k¤u(]à~7C~Ç ±~$]$C]¤$(77da¡
Ó*"]~a9$(7¦s#¤$J$~$uq73#9] AJ$#¥Hk7r0($Ç#~$7 $#(RqCqi#
¼-A7$qs$¡®£"~Æ7d($²]$²$ ±C(¤ C()#C$9(7Js·C¼]qC7s¥1H7~ ]7rrqs7~$7]#]¥
C#s¤$7A](¥#Tk?#qs$Ç q~]#T ®=#77Ad¥§$$~$C9(U(k¯ss7$]#J#7s$%
¡ ¦7A¯~$~-r
ÀCÁ9Â$Â$Ã]Ä$s-q9$1#$#d(Y~$~$=C~7]#d¦s¯sAs=k¤qs$Y ~$A7~1$$²$s77=~$
C¤-~ÅAd0-µd7As$²7]Hs¤~$C#$(]#k¤¹q¯=æ79$¤$Cq7r[¡%£"~#C¹7]s¤~k¢§77Åq$
¤$C#C¤-7(#»§#s×#7v7$r7u+À7]~$¥Y(~$s$#7C((¥q]¡ Ä~¤]u(9$#7C(7¤u(-
T#$#²~$¦s]¡£3~$u(kd($$s$77$$]Ç§²d(Jsk7C]q7¤%Ë7sR~#²C#-$qs$*-0« b$?b
LCX[L7KGJZ]w ~$]#%(7¤7$$$iH¤$k7s#7d(s#(s]¹§#uqCm7¤$9]q§#sJª+q1#C¤$µH9'(
C]#s($$¯q7%7$$¤$µ[¡¶3 ®#s¤§H#$(u(s]~$3~$?¤$d77$¤$7d(É~$um#7r(¥- ~¢d
¯¢$~$usqk¤17$$$qi#ÅHq7¥3(~$]s¤+$]~k±§77C§#AÇqC~$7#®~7J C-
rsq?7s- q~?~$¦7~#¯#Ç#37rAq7¥ ®~$rA_~C=~#±dqC(7¤?~$Y%(¦-3i7¥-$(]#~s]
C¤7-sA7qs]#¥3~$C§#qqs$Å§Ar¤$s$#¥37$¤»»$¡Þ#d~CYu7ÝdH7dm¼-A7#s$+]$Y$ ±C(¤~$
#'(i§#rs-C#s¤$7A]¡7¿0$C(C~7r« b]®b±waF(°0IrLC`#w ±C(Ç7rq9(7¤Cs#C~$YÞ¦$7A7d%}Æ(s¤$¥
C¤T7u( ±#µ¤§#?#$(u(s$~$TC$s¤$7r]3 ±Hs¤~$C±HC=s¯s-~3#s7d[¡dÓ*$(7]#9(¥
C#s¤$7A](9(7µ¢$(]#?q7-q+CdiÇ$(]#(¥-#$s]'T~$C+C?7i(7¤]=dHC(A77rJ kC%¡%Ù-=r
C(9~$7A1« b]®b×waF(°0IrLC`$w ±C(³77rJ (×C dq§#v7$¤$7#C(7¤)§$ÜC#r¤$7r(¥¦á~dq
±¤$CÇ ®~]³~$Cv§H7k¯³(* 7rqC¦~$»%7ka=Ô-« b]®bLCX[L7KGsZw ¤u#9'a7u¡T£~d%¥
C#s¤$7A]k¯$!§#±~s#7T¯ 9¡%£"~Amu(7ÝdHC0(7d+]$m C¤¹s=~$u¤#C§#qu
~$k?#qs$Ç ~±# ®#k¯A]¡Þ?0(Ç$$7A¤ÀCÁ9Â$ÂÁÄ(¥$T(77=~$~$CUu3($$ $$r
$T±q#77rs?~$¦77-s$$A77$A7~$¦-7#-sk¤±§$« b®b ¡7Ó*#¤$CY« b]?bw'F(°0IALC`$w ]µ¤~$CH
§#k¯º»7A7r7Ç~¯³~³]~$Ca? ]#s¤)7$¤*~$¹ ±]s¤*~$C#²(C#rk77¤³~$7 C#C] ±~$C(¡
Þ#7s#¥_~$u77$$]§#»~$vA] $(¤¡ ?$µa+]#+¯7dq'¢~$7¤ßq7s7sJÜ#r77¤à7$¤
7C~$ACH7¤»~»k?#AqC7¤A7s$v#Y~#¯ qC?¯Aqi#dÀq¯¤»~$u=(]#$¤Çq$v-¤$9»q³§#
#s(µ§#ACÄ¥Ç~#d3q=¼-A7s ~]¢]~$C%« b]®bwaF'°0IALC`$w ¤uC$kC(7¤¯ (7J=s+¨¯~$(#7d
sq7k¤»#R§#7s$(A-s²](~7¤² Cs(# ~#mAda?k]¯$A7dm(9-s$¦À0 ±¦_1(
(7J³ ±$s!¤ Ä(¥C$¤Øs~#CÒ ±C(7¥ ~] (Øk¤$¯]i §#7s$%Ü7Hs¤ Ü##µHÑs %7~
C]#s($$¯(¡Ó*$(9C(¥#¤$C+« b]®báwaF(°0IrLC`$w ¤$#d®$](7C´qá~H~$7¤v7]*r#$q9d
q7C~$-µ#s777¤]#7$7³~$+7]µ¤àC¼$#A¯sß~$u³#9µªH¡£3~#C(7$(7¥U ±á~C#³qß¤]7]#C
C] CÑ ~$» ±d³~Ûk¤¯qC#×~$v¼$#r7s~ÛH7dá-#*Cdq]'áC³~$7i
7$dqC®#(9µd(¥¦¥Yv77#(qCi#¥Y ?~# ±du~$v¤$u(7¤]H7dqC#v$?~$³$(C~$=9]#r¤
¼-A7s±~7i((7¤]A77#¤$77a¡
Ù]#$r(s$#J¥$+$$7¥-=?=#$] s7¤]#k¥~$]!$(-(7¤q=s#+'!C¤$#C%!(7d#(¥H7~+]
(#7s73¤$uu#§¯7](¥q¼$#s7sÅ ±~#~C$#7$7¤=q1CC~$7AU« b]?b+w'F(°0IrL9`$w ¡£T~$mk-]0#C(~$C%
u(-Ñ~$¤AACH=q=~$J²-~7$dqsdH]%#$7qs$-É7$$ªiHHµ_¤d#(s]1~#
-$qs -« b]?b dß(#~$s$´7aÛ§$ºÛ$($](da¡*3± ±#9(¥»ºk#s¤Ð§H ~v~$
-$qsC#~-ss$ 7¤§$¦« b]?b A¤±q=¦¤$77¤C¤=À?sqqÁ9Â$Â.$¥Á9Â$Â$Â]Ä[¡$£"~Çs¤$Çu3~$
!$$q9#7¥s$C(kss#¤$µHA¤dH73Jq7rrs#7$k7]µ¤1~$C#§77-±7$d(k¤]sq$ ª~²(#7sd
$#C$rµH¡Y¶+r+ 7r®- ®×~+sdq7srs#7$7)uÅ+Cs*¤$¯q7$7ºC#7J+7dqr-7s
§#7~k#µ#¡¶q7$s¯u¥§¯~C#s#aR~mC(¤$C]#9(%m$É~Å##iH¯T$~Å#7Ad(¥H7~]
#JArs$Û(i§Hrs$²$7s] -($(s]#¥®C(v$(C#7dq7¤)§$ sqJqµá77qs$¡ 3± ±C(¥?$$
7$-7ÝdH7$7v$?~$»$7¤$C#7s$#7¦~$v$-9$q¼*~$C~$9(7qC(r]=~$-s#qsu
$(77ra7i+~$k(0sqs#iH±§H7~$C#s]#9Ë%#7s 77~mCs$uY(9]u(iH7¥
7C79³ª]$_C]] ±CH¡ã®srAJ$v~$u§$~C¦~$u¦q~$CYq²(C$sk71~$s ]Y~$+7~$A¯_0~$
§Hk¥-ssrs$Ô¯¤³7s]ÔC~$rA¤](7¤d#(s]v+r7]~d#C(s#¤³$-#¤³~$$uqC#7¥C=¼#7-Ad®-
sdq7rAs#¯§7~#k#µ#~$0C#(Å(~uq©q9Ðs#¤$J#A¤dH7 7sAq§7J$#¥ ~$A7~1$(]#q¯qÅ~
$(]#?$q¨q#CsÇ~$s$](C¡
¶Tu ±u~=$]s7s$Å~s+C#9~dH7(#¯µ¥3HC~Å§7~$C#s]#'mC(C¼$#rA7qJ+$($~$i§#q7¤¡-¶
$(]#d0u ®Å~J[¡-¾iq¥s~$C²~C#±q=§#$§#s¤#¤$C$¥3mrY§77(?~$C1§H7s$]+qÅ~$=(É
§#7~k#µ#'~ÉC(?(7Css+#ä(µ§#Am]#Y#77s9¡-¶3~$C ±C(?É[Aqduq7¤§#C~#C#s]#'(¥3H7~
$($~$i§#µ1 ±]#s¤»0~#=7]a7-(¡3Ù-k7¤$¥"s0~$C²9(Å-7A7Js²$§#A¤$¤$7s²]#Çq#77r]¥
C¤³$]Y§#s-µ#s7Js*s$~$µ§Hq7¤vJÔ~C?7=7u(¥¦7-~$Y~$9(1~$?§#77v(~$rrU
($ÇJ¤d#(s]=~$##$µ+$« b]®b ¡-¶TumJ-µ(i§#AÇ~$m(#Cs7µ0$777¤$7¤~$s'
$U~»sqs$iH¹§7~$C#s]#'9ËR-¥~$²7$$7i%(s-ºr?~$¦~$9(~$d§#77*s#k#ªqk§#sº#C(s-¤
¤d#(s]³ ®~$r7~²~$1§#s-s$#rk¯ms$~-i§Hµ¦ C7iadk¤² ±d9#¯7¤v7$¤»~»(#7s7YsdqC¤Aqs$-
±C(1d$¦dq§#ru(~#7¤¡3£3~$²#7rÇ~$~$]®C¼##C(s7$7k¤H7~v»(ªuHµ~$]?dkd(C(sr
§#k¯Ê7$¤$7#C(7¤Ò(J#k×~$ßÔs#$uqCd#Ad*$)##iH71 ±C(ßrkC-s$#¥+*³µ7]
sHA7A¯i¤$kC#($dq7¤sC#C²s#¤$µHA¤dH7¯?§HC¦$~#1#77A]¡Óv~]$#]~$d(u¦uY~$
~$r0(uHqs$~C$#7$7¤?q=Cs%C(C~#7A« b]®bwaF(°0IrLC`#w $(#¥-¤d#qJ=#C(s#¤±~$3sdq7¤u($

Î#Ã$Ã¡ªÃ$Ã$ÃÇ$kC'q #å#Ã¡ªÃ$Ã$ÃUC'¡
¶ ±±=q¹sC#s#± ®~#m¤]s¤»-7A73rsqs-$²sJ#=sÅ~¨ÇJ](¥ ±¤$d~#?q»'H
#CµAC(i+s#r70C$$d'(iH±§7~$C#s]#'sCC#¤$CArq]¡¿0$T 77~$s$=~#~?~$q
$077~1$(]#1 ±dm]#uHq7¤Å§$²A#$uqCdm¤]Cs=C(u(d§(7C#s$²$Éu(- qsqÅs¡
Ù]#$#¨$sqC7~$!u ®»9s¨7J(7rq7¤7©d9(=7-?#J³$R~rk7¤$C(~$im$$
$(]#¡£"~$u!!Y#C¢7-#Å(ªuHs$s=7r#$(]#!T(#¯µ¯%#]#C!7$¤C#d¡¶TC7[qT
7]#'(Ò($ q9-(s-ÏJÒ~$Ñ$(]##¥vC$¤ ªàAß(di#k¤Ö$ß ?~$sAÐ7rqC (-±Ð¤$i(
7$$u($dq's0§#u 77~±u ±1i#7u(¥ ~#7+=3~$7Ò#(~®#$#9Y~#7$¤q¯qs77AJ
¤d#(s]v~$d 7q7J ³s#~d((¥ ?~$A7~v$(d7d®$)¤$C$#9$Ç~$7irs¡"¿0$#$#¨1~$®s³~$
$(]#?$C(7~$7A« b]?b?w'F(°0IALC`#w ¥]~$¤$Cq7¤?7A7¥qCTu($ 77C]s]~$Tqq7¥$$s7$sr#~$
(i#7s¥Ç'¢Cs?sv7i ±C#¥Y§]$¢d+³(k¯ss-¯±7¤ªqq7¤)Ç#(¤$CËÉ 7qs]Ü~³i#~d
-7d®9$¤³(7k¤²q³%(1~$u¦A~¯T 7C#$-[¡ 3±C(=~$»(uHs$v7~¯#dk-?#rq¯i¨¡
T#C#®77=77¨ ±~$!r0C§$%=~$9$#C$¥%7$¤=A'"T7ss¥-~$®¤$-J#7T7rk¥H ±~$=0A7rT$
d~$9C~-s7§$$(7k7¤$~$u_$#$$C§$-A7$$s$1q$JsT~$rÒ§#7$(]¡$ædrk±~$m#7u
~$¤$$s#q7¤±¯A¤$$]3k[uHCss-A7Çq(dquÇ(?(k¤]s¯H7qs$$¥]~$Ç(s-AA¤-7R~~$
7]#s¤à¤$Û×CÜ§#)HA7A7d=$=~$*¤]$s#7]?ß¤$7Cs¤$³qà7~$u ®¡_£"~d(*C(
sdq7rAs#¯§¯~C#s#a(¥ ®~$A¯~77§#¦k¼#7q7¤u]Ñ7$r73 ª~~$s-~rC¯¨7$$ªiH¦§#rAA]
C¤JqA¯A7dTs#qJqµÇs$~-i§#qs-[¡7æds7¦¯u¢~%~$Y ?~-s$(#uk7C($7¤§$ ~
u?#-s*H¡RÙ#C(7Y7?§HC'±Y~1$(]#*7C³§#AJ$#k¤»q³$$$Y~$1(i#7u?§$*k-7sqs-
(7sqs$-®$?Cq7qµ7JÔ7s(+7$]#$~q³~$JÒq³7¤$s(7qivs]#-iH7¤³s~$+7$$rAq¥0(¹~
C~¯#kdTC(R~%~$ Ç#(¤$C As-§HU#Jµ ±7¤±§$~C' £3~$C¯$(7¥H9~(uHqs$T7]s¤
$(]#$#Us#$qCTCqd(¥$ $#C(J+H$7$d($su§#AU#µ-A¯#k_ ª~¤$a(]%!7#(7ÝdH9#7d
~Çsrq?-~Ç$(]#¡ C ±~$#C$9(7J 7¤#s#r777¥-~$?s'É-T?7A?~$Ç~7J#~d
$~$u3#] ±C'TrT7]] ±C7J#$qC%~$C¤AC?§$(T] ?$~Ç##iH7#-~$Y$(]#¡
~$Cv(uHµ#v7]#s¤ 7u( -i#)(u(q dvC(A%Cqd¡?Þ?7s(7k¤·¯µ7¤$¥7s]
$($(s]²k¯+7u(=§H7+sdq7rss7§¯~C#s#msCq9J+7s(H=qCd¡$¸Ç#(s]s#]+C(s#¤
$Ç#H7d(rH¦~]J#¥¤$-s#¯7r]=C*~$J$*~$u~¹H$AÝdH(-$qs$áqà#
~$7a7iHd!d3 ±¯A%d3~$(d%~$$(#ËC~$C#77¤?(79C"~7iR(C]~$¥-s~C ±7d
#!C]Å7~$7$7®-"§(J$#s$Å§7C²(-±Ç#7?s~#Ç#C¼]!¤$C#(¥%7$¤~Ç§Hk§#AdÉC(Ç##Jq1¤]A
C] C#¥(s#7Y~$7s]~$Ca077$$]3k7¤±~#7Ñ7]#$(]¡$Þ#7s$¥%d0CC$$#Çu#$ 7¤§$q~$
(71~C±C$¤»~»(777AJ$¥~$Å ®~$-µ1-#Ô7Cv7s7JHq~$sdqCµ#-Y~d(
7r]¥C¤1sÅ~Ja!-sk77¥¨~]~$9'(¥ ?~$A7~+7(7CqCs$i$](k7¤dq=A3~$7Ê¤$-¥3(s$7
~$7i0sqs$qi#Ç$q7'i#Ç§#7~#C#s]#00±(®¤$7C#J=-dq7¤#¡$Þ#¯sH$7$dssC§#A±#s#r77?
Ç§¼$#q7¤$¥#d ±CsHdTY-ssrs$$T7s±~C% ]#s¤?~#C#R§Ç(sqi#77dCH¡
T7]#'7¥-~$d?C(uad(~$]µ¤ÅT¢ ®~$]$Tsdq7¯7$$Ar(0~?$$dT ~$+C(Ç77¤]q
7a¡£3~$C=(~$]Hs¤~kU§#k¯s~$s-~$s+(Cs7¤7µ¯qqd¥d$C#9%§$?~$¦7$d(7¤]µq
¤](i#d®7-s$vu(-Ï$³$$=~$7¤¹~$7i®Js(®C$¤~$+d~$9Y~$7i®¤$d(s(d#$#$q7¤§$
~$7i=sq¯AsJH7$7¡0£"~(7»HrqCq)C$#sA¢7u(Æá~$²$(]#d¢¹ ®~$-A]¡¶7Cºk7§#
¼#dq7¤Ô~($»7?§HC'(¥YAds]#-iH7¤³~$7v~$²7s*$(dqC#$]u(¥Éq$(Cd¦~$
$~$7$s$¤]¯R§$~$CA7C?~U7-¤?Cqr7A7dqi¡
$z +56 #578%@75"D B 58%:$6769:]B(> H5 |%8%@CB(>AD$8
£3~$7$¥R~³~]$#d~$(~$¶ 9d?Æ]$ 9(¤r~s7]]HC#79#7¤×sàH7~C(u(d¥
7ss ±J$ºC#-µ¤s$v~$7+¡}77*aH¹~$Ç ®~$7º»9u(u d¢C§#]$á§(7Cº]]¥Y±¨
7±§H9'²-~$(]#à(77?§HC(k¤×~$$(k77¤$J C(u(](¥7¤$¤$s]à~$*(77-sA7qs$ß$=#d
¤$radq9'~$J#qs$qi#Y(C]Hu(s-H¡d¶7s#¤i#A¤d%7] ±dTC§#ARq¼$$(' ~~$C$#77¤sÇ~#
#d§$~$u##s7¦¯¤~$u#]u#(d(¥#~$~$7¤Ç7~$7d®% s$$J$~$?#$#$$~_ ~A$(]#
C¤¢q$$s±~Uss#7d7'qdq$~]¡
!?%¢s-$±]#i¼H7?#AvC(u(u(¥R~³iH¯s)§u kCu ±×9s¨7Jº(7rq7¤)7r][¡
Ù]#$#¨R~$"["Ç9qs¯$qJ7¥H¯rq9"~_§#'"Ç$(Ç7A](~§u kC?~$7¥d!CHC$$$¦
±qC~$s]¢¯]¼#µ%(s?qÇ~$Ç(k¯7¥#¯$s¤7±§H9T%~$Y$(]#?§#C#sq7'qC~Ç~uqCs±¯#¤
sÅqß#$#v#du+Cd+s) ~$A7~ÜÆ(ArAC²(uHµ$(]#$#7¤à*¤]u(]q]%»q$(77¤Ü
#s-A7$k]¡ =7]#'(k¥_~vÝdHds$u~$] âHC~ÜCC##7qs$7]µ¤×~$CÔ§77×s#qrq7¤$¥Çr
A7]]HC# 9(Å_C (77¤]~$9(q³7ss] Ò(7C(7#7»(¦9$¤»#9'($-®$d_¤]i(7i²(7Aq7¤
~+~$=~$C(k7$¤$ Ï(uHs$¡£"~$u¦u~$=ÝdHds$1~_C]v(k¯#9µ³$É~=79#7$7=-
~dH7»A7]]¨C#=?%0q7C#s]¡Þ?¦s#]v$(]$s7]]HC#1u¦k#79#7¤$¥_uÇ_C²u'%Ë¨~$
(CqC(7±¯]Æ# â(s#)77)§#²]%(7¤)u(- ~$v(uHqs$$¥7$¤)7*$(7¤dH7rs7ÝdHi(v
7$d¯µ¯77$J$%¡ 3] #C(¥$~$É77$$] ±]$s7]%C#Y ~#C~$?sdq7$¤$k¤(7qC(7dTu
$]Y~77dY~²rqCs$¡%æ]s71~?sÔ#¼#7-A1~$1]#q#¨~$¤ua7]#'(u
$(77ra7i=q¤]i#9~rqCs$1u(# ~#-s]³(uHs+s$(¤$CTÅ§sT#$¤#Cm7$u¡
±~Ç]~$9~¯¤$¥-$]s7¦7u(~$~U#9sHACk¤qs$-!-%~$$C ·7dqC$qr(¦C(¦]s7¡
Þ? ³(7A¤$¥Y7]º7?§HC$U~¹$#*~$H²sJ#¤³~$#d#7d¦~$®]$C$$Cds
$9(q] ±Cd(q]]Ç~±qC#]¡7Ó*$(9C(¥]~$C$$] à~$~$A#s¤s#¤$µHA¤dH7u$]¤]i(7i
s]#-iH7¤s~$$(da7d"7$sAq¥C¤m(C(k¤d3~$C¢C(¦-3(É7$-(kÝdH¯#kd¡$£3~#C(7$(7¥]~$7
7C®]Ha~$~$Asq¯µ#TC(R¢$?(Tk#'R§]7]773~#kCs#¤¡
Ù]#$#¨Ç~$7Å~m]#YC('$Y7CRqCH~$r=¯A¤$C'q$#¤Å ®~$7~±(sdY²#$#
$$*C~$C7qC~$v#dÅq(u¥U%(s$Û(#rqs³sCËrs]ß$$*$=~$+#~](Ad
#CµAC(¥R(r?HAsv7¯$A¯T~$_~$ d¦H$-¤[_~d#s]#¥!q]¡£"~¹H77]'®-¦H7~v
s9k#s¤?$(#¤dH7RC¤$79r$((s-7$]~$Y$q#%¡C¾$~$ s7¥~UsC#-
¤$77¤±¯?§HC!$~$$(]#=C$#kC'su(%~$7¥77~%~$7Ñ¯ss$~~Çd~C'0~C(
~$(7 9#(µ- $¡]}~$3 dÉ7$$s#7¤Ås+s#¤iHr¤d¨7%7$(Adm77ÝdHi(]0?k JqC'-§ a7qi#
q'u%¡#Þ?~$?$9(0]q$$(d'dmd0~#77+J~Å$¥~$?#iHdm?# ÊJAÇ1(mC~C(7q9'(¥
C¤~Å$#¼#C(s7#7d®Å Ð ±Cq¹§q#'~$9¡¶u0 ®#µ¤¹§$(s$Å Ï7$~$d(µ-1~$
$(]#$¥39#H's]²$ 7#JA7i#7$-a7A¯7C§#A±q+$((ÉJ¤iHA¤dH¯T¤$(J[¡ ¼$(da(J$
®~$®~$C$#77¤ás³q~$1#] d±7C¼$(d(s$á ®~$®7Hs¤v~$C$#7*C#7s*7$¤³ ~$(~$]s¤
$CC~$9$C 7]ß$(]¡Y¶=~$k¤à*¯~7$7³qÛ]×~$*$]#$Jß7$$Arq¥U§#d~$(dqC$u(
§#k7-s$ ±C(®3~$?$ Ê7-sA7qi#Ç$(#(?ua ~$Ç$(]#=]%(~$s$1s~¢7®¤s(7s$
d3~$7iÉ ®sqs$qi#ÇC]u(s#$" ®~#~Cs(C¤$7¤=¤$$¥HC$¤$¥"¯As¥%777~-~d
§#k7-s$ CR~$~Yd~C~C(]~$Ç7Usq¯q$7#7$$rAa¡
T7]#'7¥HC~¢ k#C(iUAC (~Hs¤=~$C#Ç§HC=qC0u(-Ñ?$$?~¤](7¤#C(k¯0H7kd(¥
C¤77?§#R~#$~~$~$(uqC®](7Ark¤¡ 3± ±C(¥##7s33~C$#7$7¤?(C¯s¥-
Hk7d(u]]q7$U ±Hs¤=~$C#?~7¤1s7¤$Aq?7$-a7ÝdH77]0~##µH7-~Ç$(]#1s
®~$r7~)ª?$$)$s7k]¡0£"~C(7$(7¥9#s¤)~k»#7$9(7r 7¤)sá~#³µ)#$¥C¼7qµÆJsH³7
7¤d¯qC#7]%+#¯qsÔ¯ªq¥U ?~$A7~Ûq$(77¤-¹C²)#77A]1§$ #u#(7(7A7qs$Ad[¡ #
r#$q9dmqCs~$um$(-kd'm7]Hs¤1~$CH?§#77=~# 9ªuH¯s s$" ¢~C(qi#?§#7~#C#s#Ë
sq7k¤vY 7qs]*¦~$]]u§(7C*$¦C(u(u(¥RªÇ ±#µ¤á~k1§#7v±H7~v$(7A7r7
$#C$ (C]HACC#7(s1 ~$A7~Å~7]%¦7$7]$'9$¤Å~$($~$i§#(k¤7(0 9(C#$#7¤¡
T7]#'7¥%¤d#s~$mC-$s$+3~$-7s7§7~$C#s]#(¥-~$?$Cq(i#Çq7C~$$AÝdHd ±]s¤=~$CH
r$(]#k¤kJH%(i¥-s7¤$J$?±rHrsqrk¤]#7¤A7]]HC#¡
£3~d%(¥-~±i3%?$~$ÇC(i±uH$qs$=7]#s¤=~$C#?k(uqk¤Ås=C¼$(d'(s$q77sA(#7sd
¯((¥9(7s]Ô¢dqCsJÔ$]#7Y(#7s70$#C$u(qs$³s~$+7$r7-s#¤$-¥" ~$A7~²#C(uq7¤
]#q#77sdÇqv9$dq3~$»-7s70¤$uu#§7#7dÇ~C¦9#s¤vC¼-A7s»~$k¼sµ-0~$+~C
C(9~$7AR« b]®bwaF(°0IrLC`#w ¡ 3ÇH¯A¯]HC#7¥ ±~7r%s(Rdq7sÇ7¤1(7¯µU$($#Cµd(¥ ±]s¤
~$9v~#k»q77¤u(# ~$#77¤-$¦#C(µ¥Rs7¤$s]vqÔ ®~$¸®$$7s¤*ÀCÁ9Â$ÂÁÄk¯su ~#
q~$A)Hu#( $¡¶+u+ 7r#$] ?à~7s±~)~#7$¤à(7ss-s#(d=~$)rH$¤$7¯qd
$($~$i§#µ##$$Cq(i#*777]#d(Å$ -s=~$]$7Cr¯sÜ$ qC#»~$³$~$i§#q7¤
§#7~k#µ#'[¡RÞ?¢³rq9$7q¥~$¹u ®¼7?-©d~$? ±»~#7~$(7$¥Ç#(¤$C(s]Æ u
§$~CTÀ$TCs(Y¯AiHCÄT7¤ks$$ u!¯~$sA¤](7$¥#C(7#]?~$% s¤#d$77¤~#7u
C(]#$¤~$Ç ±]s¤$¥¯¤¢~7q(d#$$¤]s1$($~$i§ªA$-0~$CHÇ~$qu%0$"H$iHC'¯um ®~$-A
~dH7$H¡#æ]s7~0~$r¦u?$m7]#'(H$ssrs$³~7§#7s$¦J²#7$9(7r¥T$7~#C
¯$T7s]~dH¯A(~s?#7$9(7Ë7#dqJ#(7k¯J¥#k¼qC¯H77$$i§H7ru( ±]Tr¤$¯7dq7
$(7s7s)(C#C¯0~7-7AAd(¥0sJ#=~$£#$A ,_H9(7$0À7(¡ R#±§ ]Á9Â$Â]Î$Ä®~$1Þ 9q7
!?-s(À 2 2Ä[¡
Ó*7] $~'=%7¤à7$7sad-~$)¤$s9(7d+?~#1~$+C()sAC#7rAC§#Aáq×%+J)~¯s
AqC?](³(kC$-H0~$§#C#s$-s$®-~7vHu#(+C¤(#¯µµd¡ 0~](uÇã®$s-~¦ÀCÁ9Â$ÂÁ9¥
Á9Â$Â-ÍÄu0kCqCs$J~$?$~$$"~3k¤-U~?¨Ts#$uqCd3 ®$s~$É¤ 'kµ¢d0C0dT~$
7C#77³-A7]]HC#³u¢7$#7C#7¤¡Óv*$#-¯~#9(³u=7s(C _C ,ÇiaC(¤ u~$7$
À ,Ç (C(¤ÑÁ9Â .$Â$¥1Á9Â-ÍÂ]Ä(¥?7×~$]#$~à~¤$A¤ d+7¤$¤]d'¤$J7qµ~Æua¨-~$*(i#sß-
A7]]HC#]¡¶(~$u¦uqC?]»¼$#r7s1 ~]¹~#?%q9rk¯AJ]$m$»qC#7~$9(7qCaR ®~$Ad~
C(³§#]~)#7$9(q7¤Üd+#-¤-C¤Æ~$*$$d= ~×#s-Aq7¤$$~$i§#µ--¥±~á]$( C¤º~
sdqCdqs]A¤$7Ç~$3~$d7~C(7q9'm7$u(# 7777]q]' ®~$1~HÇ§#7=-sArk¤Å§$~¯s
§H§#7%®~C+¤$r¤1H7~+7((¥%](¥$(Ç$77r(7J¥§H77(U~C ±C(?7%7¤+T¤$-s»¡
£3~$C?§H777Y##¤-§#7kR~$C®C(s'?(C$ à~$R§#¤-T$¨~Ri§H¤d#(JC(r(u"§#
A(7'J)7AR~$#s-A7$7²C#7s¦~$7=(7iH](¥mC#¤Æ77$$¤³q)duq§#su(~³~#$(~$i§#qs-*=
(#7s7HA]¡Óv+$#(C7$(dq#¤-(rs$~i¹¤sCa7dÉC¤1s²7Cq7s C±(rq9(d
(7k¤s]·$Å~×?~#9ËU~$Cß§H7k¯)##¤-C$¤à 9(#7$Cq7¤ dvHC~ $]=§#k7%(~¯s
§#7~k#µ#T#C(uqk¤~#C$((-$qs$-3?9u(u0¤d#(s]~$7i0srqÇÀq¯¤s$=3§$q~$Y CÄ(¥-§]$
$((r-s²§#7%¢~1C##7µ-0~$7i¦#dm§#7~$C#s]#Ç#9uqk¤¹~$+-s¤$7$7+-m# (sAr9¦C(d¡%¶²#r ¥~$ d7CHC## 77~#C$u(¥ ±~$r7~²u¦77dCs ,ÇiC(¤ Y~7$¥
7C$0§~$C(+0~$#9²§C-s$#s$#¥R(s#7=#=$k7¤¨¦uAA7]]HCH q~¯ (7¤C(qi#
7C#k¯ªAd7k%(ÇC§-¤]$~C#J$¤$$$Ç~$s]? ®($]#¥]§#H0$3¯u]¡
}~3u!7-$s ,Çs(C(¤ ~$7$7$¤Ç~$$(d7]$q$$(7-u3~$~Y(d-$qs±-C(a§#
$ 7#JA7i#1§¯~C#s#a$#C$7¤»~1#~²*Å -7A70$(¤$C(¥ ®~vsC s#(7¤vu(-
§®§$~? ±C(7$]'É3§#7s#]#J$q=±7$a#¢C$¤$] ±7¤± ª~=?7$sAdµH¦~$q¡£"~#
#CC(7YA¤$7u?~$®9v7ÝdHi(7¤)(#7s7R§#7~k#µ#=#$#$uq7¤»§$vA7]]¨C#1(7AC#7¤³§#s-µ#A7d
¤$qCqs#qs$1s+C##s¤s$qqC]$qC$-~C+C##$µ¥C¤¢~~u0$(-kd'mum3~$
]¤$µ$%~dH¯±ªu#(]¡
}Æà77·k7 ]')~$²µ¯]%9#×$($#C» ±7v ²srq7¤ ~$r#CAHr9³(7ss-s]%
uµ¥7¤~$!¤d#(s]+?s-1#9µ-¤=(0¤$CH7s$$¯3 0J#¤$97$¤$7!À©1?kCqCs+C¼]qCÄ
u(-ß~$Y$qJAqC(s7$(]$s7]]HC#Y~$"#0#kCAd?%~$CH#ä(daa7¤$¥Js#Y~$¦~C!C(C~¯A
« b]?b=w'F(°0IALC`$w ¡Ùqsr3 ±¥¨ ±7Cs#¤»(-±®77dm$~$q77sA7qr]m-!r7]HC#± ~71É
%(k¤1s~$?(7sJ#s]q-~C(]¡$Ó*T(9Js#s-#%(A7]]H9#sÇHCÅ7CHiHÇ ±kH¡H£"~$um
]§]#s]%Y$ ?(AqCq¼(0J+ (0(7ss-µ--m1À 3±C§$a Ê$ (H¤$7r(¥ !qs1$/ R~$$JA R~#(7~$¥
Ù#C-q$(T 3s$¤dHu'®Ä(¥-§]$TTrÉ7HTT$(C$(7¤$s$(¥$ ~$CU(7ss-µA7]]HC#?u
7$-(A¤$C(k¤vd1#] C(rHm¯¤v-rqCvC#AÅq$É#7³ kC#¥ ~$A¯~v?%§HÅ%(7¤³ q~
(9µ%$(77$s[¡ 7)s± ±³7kC]?~$²s¤#7»~$±s7]]HC#7Hs¤)~$C»§#$] ±7¤×($
q7u#(dq+$ds7]HC#7¥(0%(7Hs¤1~#C±§H77=HC¤sqC(7da¡Ù$#77s7rJ¥3sÉ ±k7C]~
A¤$7U~3$(dµ¯]HC##ä(]'7¤=7r#$qC3sC¼#A7$$¥7$¤?~$TA7]]H9#®§q] k¤#C
~$r!rC¼#A7$$(!] ?]##(d¥-"7#µ¤~$CH_§HC?(7¤s¢_dqCsJ¢¤AqC(7 ±ks~_u ±
q7¡¾$¼¯#A7¥RsY Åu#q»§#kC³v]#Çi®9$$(Cdµ7$C$(¥~7]#s¤á~C#Å%d¤
($Ak¼#A77 ±¤-$~$$(]$s7]]HC#?q»#$#±~$7$7]~0~$? 7q7¤Å]0$Å~
q9#7¥$q$$]#$7s]=$sq9$7Y~$$7Ç$3Y#A7]TuH%~$~R d3HC#¤$¥-$~$
$7!7=7$r7~#T~$7]Hs¤¢§7-?#C7¤q¡$¶=]~$CT $(¤-(¥~U ]Hs¤Å~C#Ç%(7¤+$$?-
~$¦r¤$¯7dq7%77~$7$u'=ÉT]#sC¼#A773(7¯]µd(¥q$]$Å7$¤qC#~$$(¥]=#Y~$
¤$77¤ 7$7]$³9$¤Ûr$u#()##¤¡¦£"~C(77¥u(# ~$§HC#s$$s$¥± ±(¤- ±]#s¤Û~$C×§#77
#$µHa7%¦s³A7]]¨C#7¥ ~$sA¢~C C(=$]ms»$d$s7]]HC#]¡%¶²$(ds7]HCk¥~ $(¤
$ rµ- Yu~$s]v§]$m~$7$s7r¥ ~C(7J*A7]]HC# As- m7]µ¤v¯u7v7
q~$A=¯7dqq¥~$?dqCú(-Ð ~$A7~³-#7$-µ¢§¯µ-]§#7%(~$C¤$(7$¤»uÐ~$u
Cdq$¥d 9Jd~$(C]]~+9$¤~$7]#(C#U©~$ÉC(Ç§#7sACH7¤¢¢§Ç~$±¯s+Ýd¨7JªA]m
§#]~Ç~¯$A¯H7$¤?~$7$dqa¡d¶uu $~?µ¯A]?~$##µH(7u!7$]~$Cq#77rA7u#(
$3~dH7=A7]]HC#~$!¤$sqC(7dqsq0Tu(-Ñd~C09?H$rµ+q7=(¥%s#¯ªH¤s$+(
A7]]HC#]TÀ ®sq$#7¤®¾HH¯~_Á9Â$Â$Ì]Ä¡
¶ ²7k7C]~$~$¼qC(s-Ô-Y~$1%»$?A7$]HC#Åqvd~C¤$$7J¥É§HC-$¤³¯As-s]%
$(7s77¥kHs¤~$CÇ~$C$H7$7¤?H7~Aq9(¥CrqC3~$?q§#rs ]s$%~$Ç7s+7~$C(kqCuqsd!-
A7]]HC#7¥0±7Hs¤vC¼$#A7J³~²¤$¯ACv§Hu ±7C²~$²C$#C(qs$v-¦]##k¯A](¥0$(Å~$7Ô#
~dH$¤]7¤Û~$]%(7$¤ #7C*9#Ð7$¤Û~$ ]#?§##rußC¼-s(s-- ~²$$Ñ$s7Û(-±Ûu
~$]%(9$¤±7C'"C#À9(¡]£Trq9'(CsTÁ9Â$Â-ÍÄ¡£"~R%($A7$]HC#Rq¤$d(C(i§#CC#¤$C?qdqT7]s¤
~$C§77ÅHC*(s ´$-7'(¥0(J#k¹s'q¥3~$=$(d$s7]]HC# ±¦#C(q7qivk¤$C]q7¤¹¹~$u
%(9#7¥37$¤»a7k¤$¥~$A7]]HC# ±dY$ k9-A +C¤# ±CrHq1§#±%ak¤¹s²CC#¤$C²rA¡
£3~$*(s] $(#7da ]µ¤ ~¯·~$C#)§H77 77#7$A7¤ §$ßq~$)$(7¤dH7¢q§#ru(~$7d¹
$?§-rA³~$J$#s$ß7$¤ÜHu#(*ÜCßH7+$~7àArq7¥?s7¤$JßiÆ~$ ®$#C
ä7s77-sq~$A #?§#-AA (-$qs¥C$¤ $( #CC(7rs$¥(i$#C(s] ~Ø¤$7C ~9Ñ
$$] sk¤]#±~$0C~C(7qC( #q#77r¡ $7¢(9¥ª0um§$#s]%~$~$9(i#rH$s$
qC#d®1± ¦($s1s»~$u?Ad$(#7da(¥R(s7¢q7srA]*q$sdqv¼-s7s³#~$7-7#1u®¯A
7 ±kH~$J#'~] C¤-3$(Ç(7s7dqsA777]#d(" ±µ¤#7d([¡
$z D$8%@ A| '>rD$8
£3~$×~]#~d(uv#1~$Ü¯±C#7$à$1~×#CuiHàrH#s$ ]²~$ qCuJ #-sd¹$1~$
7C#77-µ¯]HCHRqC#d%~](77s?#-sd(Tsdq7k7#[Ë
¾i'q¥-7CC¼-A7s±~R$AÝdH?$q7qs7$¤Å7=CsY$#CsdT-A¯]HC#7¥#7A¯ss?~$(
(77dAY$($#Cus]~$C#~dH¯A7]]HC#¤$rqC¯$d$$i(- 7$A7H7-?$A7s$
q73§]$Cu(u( s$-A77H7$¤d~$C3$(7-A7$]HC#d[¡
YÙ#77$$¤$¥%!É7-?Hi§#AÇ q~=]#0#(9dT$$] A7¤]#?$3~$?A0qCÉ!~$-s-A¤=C##$µ¥
s#7µH¤$s$?~$Y] ss$C¼s$s$$¯A7J]~Ç9(C~$7A« b]?b?w'F(°0IALC`#w ¥] ?~$A7~7$d(( ®~
~$Y$7[ª$s$$9¢H77]aT]##77s¡
£3~$i(¤$¥%T#C((q#$¤$CaqC¤~$?¤$C#7s$#7!T?$]#7rC¯-T$#C$uaµ¥qk¯sAÇ
]#³#77s(¥sà ~$A7~ (#7s#Hu#(Cr ²(9-s7k¥®Û)s9#)C¼]qCq¥Ç~$×-7s#§#s-µ#s7
7$-(Csd(3#]#9$s$7s$~$Y(d$¨~C$r7$#J##¤$$=¡
®5 q5d6k578%@75 ¿µC9$Ð¸=¡ª¥£"~ !7]]HC# ¿s$$($$(C 3?d~d(u(¥ lmL ! F 7IAb]X'F ³F$`$nÊlRXaF#IJ`ØQ#KkIrLC`#K7L7w ¥
.%ËÁ .%ËuÁ7Í$Í¥"Á9Â-ÍåH¡
¿µC9$Ç¸¢¡¥ E3F$`j%Z]Fj%LYF$`$n?Q(°0LkK7IrLCw ¥ ~$A7C##¥ ?µH9'(- 0~$rkC#±ä(da(¥3Á9Â$Â$Ã¡
¿µC9$Ç¸¢¡¥ E3F$`j%Z]Fj%LYF$`$n « Z]¦F$`lYL ! F 7Irb]X ¥Ù#7rs7¥ ®$µH9'(%}](~$s]]q$$¥3Á9Â$Â-Ú#¡
¿µC9$»¸¢¡ª¥ 0'qd©$$~$sC-$qs¨Ë~7da$»(s]#A»qC*u($Ø$(ds7]%C#=vru
~dH¯A7]]HC#k¥-s 3Ç#($(¤[¯©¡¥ ]å3Á9 -Ú$Í¯¥"Á9Â$Â-Í¡
¿Y($ ®¡$Õ }~$ªq¯=Þ¡#Àk¤-¡ Ä(¥ \F#K ! IsF 7L AIJF$` `HGsL rIªj%LC`#K7L7oQ#b$K7IsF -S!c°0LCX9GsIJw[LÇF$`$nG ! LY/S 7b AZ#GJIrb]`
bux `HGsL AL7KG-Is`0\)b]` L Hw'Vk^°0LCwF$`$n « Z]¦F$`$w ¥ ¼#$(¤$¥ s9(7$¤$$Çä(d'¥"Á9Â-Í$Í#¡
0C#7srA'Ù-$ m¡ª¥ `#LCw'Va°0L7Z(° rL9w JF$`j%Z$LCw ¥äC(ra¥ ¤]JA [77]§#¥3Á9Â$Â$Ì¡
~$-=q_æ1¡ª"¥ !C]]¨C#7$¤æu#(7¥ \ºIJ`$n ¥3Á9Ã]å%ËuÁ9ÌÁ9¥3Á9Â$Â-Ú$¡
0?§ ¶¡ª¥ E"F¢GiX'Fj Cn#IALKCF$`$`#I #dF ALK ! L ALCwF$`#K7IALC`$w Z°0IAM Z]F$XaF$`#I ¥]äu¥ä!¡ =¡ ¾T¡ ¥"Á9Â$Â]ÎH¡
0®AR¿®¡ª¥ ^Ywi°0LkKG ¥ 0C?§$(s¤]H ?$iHC'(ª?ä('(¥3Á9Â .$Ì¡
° 9X'FHGJIAb]`$w+LGRXLA°RX Cw9LC`HGµFHGsIrb]`$w ¥
ss#rÞ¡ª¥ )0b$Z]X+Z]`#L rIs`j%Z$Irw9GsI $Z$Ln#L C`#b]`#KkIJFHGJIAb]`$V¦Gsb]?LvW äC(r(¥ $~(¥3Á9Â$Â$Ã¡
L C`#b]`#KkIJFHGJIAb`$VRGJb]®L1g Te0bXaÇF AIJwaFHGJIrb]`ÔLGRb° 9X'FHGJIAb]`-wn#L
ss#r0Þ¡ª¥ )0b$ZXZ]`#L AIJ`j%Z$Isw9GJI $Z$LÅnH0
XLr° 9X'Fj%L ¥]äC(r(¥ #~]H(¥3Á9Â$Â$Â¡
¸±d'¯AA 7¡ m¡ª¥Þ¦Hr(¥¨q[u%"C$¤Ç~$]qi-s$¯AC#7dk¥-s 3Ç#q(¤Cu¡ª¥"Á $Ã$9Áå .$¥Á9Â$Â-Í#¡
¸±d'¯AA 7¡ m¡ª¥ ÛZcb]X[Ij%Is`#LCwYn#Z sF$`jFj%L !`#L ! IJwkGJb$IsXLÇ`$FHGsZ]XL 'rLÇn#L JF0°F$Xb AL ¥-äC(¥ 3C( ]¥
Î#Ã$Ã$Ã¡
¸±¯µ¤±Ó¡ª¥ XIªj%IJ`$wmbuxY\ºb]n#LCX'`_\Is`$n "! XLkLUQHGiFj%LwmIJ`ÅG ! L0S kb rZ#GJIAb]`=bAxKkZ uGJZ]X[LUF$`$nÅNb7j`#IuGJIAb]` ¥
39#C¤ ®$iHC(Çä(da(¥3Á9Â$ÂÁ¡
¸¦#]§#C ®¡ª¥ Xb$b]®IJ`jV b]w'wI °vF$`$n=G ! L/S 7b rZ#GsIrb]`bAxYE3F$`j%Z]Fj%L ¥ !$$¤$$$¥]¾§#93Õ ¾C§#C¥"Á9Â$Â$Ì¡
¾Hk$$AC ,¡ª¥ \F(°$°0Is`jwIs` 4! b$Z7j ! G]F$`$nE3F$`j%Z]FjL ¥ 07?§$(s¤]# $iHC'(ª¦ä(d(¥3Á9Â$Â .¡
,¦§$§#C+¸=¡ Ó¡ª
¥ 3±$#9 ¡ 7¡ª¥ ]§#s- 7¡ªÞ¡¥-« F$`$n #]b$b ¢buxETb7j%IAKIJ`±^YX9GJI x$IAK7IJF `HGsL AIj%LC`#KkLF$`$n
ETb7j%Ir(K )Xb7jX'F$¦®IJ`j #S-°0Isw9GJL9?IAKUF$`$n L9°0b]XaF PmL7F$wb]`#Is`j ¥ ¼#$(¤+Ù-7s77_ä%#§#rA7qs$-¥
Rs9(7$¤$$$¥3Á9Â$Â-Ú#¡
,ÇiC(¤ ®¡¥ p-Irb ALC`#K7LYF$`$n¢G ! L0Q$F#KCXL9n ¥ [~- 3±$$s!
®$µH9'(Çä(d¥"Á9Â .$Â¡
,ÇiC(¤ ®¡
¥ "! LRQ#KCF(°0Laj%b]FHG ¥ '$~]# 3±$#s- $iHCa(Ju¦äd'¥"Á9Â-ÍÂ¡
,Çi $£0¡ª¥ e0Z]`#KGsIrb]`$F AIJw'ÜF$`$n X'F$¦ÇF$X ¥¿_C a7s%(¥3Á9Â$Â-Ú#¡
,¦s¤]§#9àÞ¡ª¥ NÉb]`$wGµX[Z$KGJIAb]`$w²MF NÉb]`$wGµX[Z$KGJIAb]` X'F$¦ÇF$X^°$°Xb]F#K ! Gsb^_Xqj%Z]?LC`HGQHGµXZ$K¯GJZ]XL ¥
?$iHCa( R~$A79#±ä(da(¥3Á9Â$Â-Ú#¡
3±¯sAr¤$C?ÓÆ¡Þ¡ ã¡ª¥ ^YÌJ`HGiXb]n#Z$KGsIrb]`GsbUe0Z]`#K¯GJIrb]`$F X'F$¦ÇF$X ¥ É¤d 9(¤?Þ$-µ¤$¥"Á9Â$Â]å%¡
S 7b rZ#GsIrb]` bux
3¦#¤ 7¡ ®¡ª¥³ÙduH¤$¤$Cuqã®C$7¤]ÐÓ¡ª¥Åã®$s-~ ¡=Àk¤-¡ Ä(¥ ^°$°Xb]F#K ! L9wßGsbÒG ! L×/
E3F$`j%Z]Fj%L ¥ 0C?§A¤]# $iHCa(¦ä(d¥"Á9Â$Â-Í#¡
ã®r7i§HC ,¡¥0ÞÇC#~$$(7¤$7i¼#umË ÆC)]($]% 29¥ E Is`x$b]X'¦FHGJIAb]`³jXaF$Ç¦FHGJIAKCF rL ¥Ú%ÁË $CÁ7Í¯¥
Á9Â$ÂÁ¡
ã®r7s} ¡ª¥ Is?LIsÈ3F$`j%Z]Fj%L ¥ !¤$¥ Rs7¤]#7¥3Á9Â$Â]å%¡
ã®$J#~d ¡ª¥ #"Ab$b]nPYL JFHGJIAb]`$w #\)LC`$wGµX[Z]FHGJIrb]`+F$`$nG ! L XIªj%IJ`$w¦bux+NZ uGsZ]XL ¥ ?7s ®$µH9(ªäd(¥
Á9Â$ÂÁ¡
ã®$J#~d ¡ª¥ muH7! (#7k¯~±7-#-$qs$%Ë]Çª$s$ÇU~$Y$(]§#s7 -¤$779]s$$¥#J 3Ç#$(¤9u¡ª¥
Ì-ÍÂÁ9¥3Á9Â$Â-Í$¡
ã¦($$$s$ 3¢¡ª¥ \)b]n$F sIu"G CV3Kkb7j`#IuGJIAb]`+LGC°0b H
w C®Ir#L rw CÇF$`HGsI $Z$L?n#0Z 7LCX #]L?®b]n$F ¤$##i(¥ ®$(7sk¥
Þ¦q ®$µH9'(qqr ®a7JA7(u(¥3Á9Â$Â$Ì¡
!7?§$(7~d%ã®¥ ùx$b]XaÇFHGsIrb]`?wGµXZ$K¯GJZ]XLYF$`$nw[LC`HGJLC`#KkL$x]b]X' ¥ R7?§$(s¤]H ®$µH9'(?ä(d'¥"Á9Â$Â]å%¡
!7]#79#C ®¡¥ e0b$Z]`$n$FHGJIAb]`$w0brxNb7j`#IuGsI 7L X'F$¦¦F$X ¥%ÙdqC$$(¤ ?$i#9'(Çä(d¥"Á9Â-ÍÌ¡
! s ®¡ª¥¯« Z]ÇF$`_S 7b AZ#GJIAb]` ¥d¿YA79] 7rµ¥Î7¤¡ª¥3Á9ÂÍÂ¡
! U¡ æ+¡ª¥3£"~-?($vÙ%¡ Þ¡ª¥ \F$`$n$F$XIs`N ! IJ`#L7wL¨^ e0Z]`#KGsIrb]`$F%PYL x$LCXLC`#KkL XaF$Ç¦F$X ¥ $iHC(q
$ 07sr$($rRä('(¥3Á9Â-ÍÂ¡
¤$ 3HAC 3¢¡ª¥ E ! b]Ç®L°XLC®IrL9X ¥ ¤]sA 7k§¥"Á9Â$Â-Í#¡
ä3s#C0Ù%¡¥ "! LE3F$`j%Z]Fj%L `$w9GJIs`#KG ¥d}ÆJArA7 Óáq] C$¤ 0-¥3Á9Â$Âdå%¡
ä3s#C¦Ù¡ª¥¿Yµ-$ ä¡ª¥#æu#CA7]]HC#7$¤+$u#(9(7As$$¥ lYL ! F kIrb]X'FF$`$nl0X'F#IJ`+Q#K7IALC`#K7LCw ¥
Á %Ë .$Ã .$ .]Î .$¥ .$Ì-Ú .-Íå#¥Á9Â$Â$Ã¡
_7r7~$~s 7¡ª
¥ F$wP HGµw[L n#LCXv\ºLC`$wK ! +YL7X'n#Z]`j ¥1Ó$A7~$¥Å¸±$(C~$Cº£Tda7~$7]§]H7~ ?9AC
,_Ó(
¿ 3¥3Á9Â$Â$Ã¡
Ù#C~d# ?¡ª¥ "! L=\)b]Xi° ! b Ab7j brx)Q JF 7IAKp-LCX #dF 0^Ywi°0L7KG m^Ön#LCw[KCXI °mGJ'I 7L³F$`$n « Isw9GJb]X[IrKCF ¦QHGJZ]n ¥
ÞÇ=qC(¤$7¥ #¤$$$s¥"Á9Â$Â$Ã¡
Ù] k((C m¡¥ eX[b])S_G ®b rb7j Gs
b )X'Fj¦FHGJIrK9w ¥ R7?§$(A¤]# ®$µH9'(?ä(d'¥"Á9Â$Â$Ã¡
£T¯s? m¡ª¥¾]7R¸Ç#7A]Ts 07]HC#7$¤£"~#$~q¥ Nb7j`#I©GJI kLYQ#K7IrLC`#KkL ¥ÁÎË å#Â$CÁ9Ã$Ã¥"Á9Â-Í$Í¡
£Trq'(7s¶¡ª¥ lYL7Kkb]?Is`j « Z]¦F$`$V¦S 7b AZ#GiIrb]`ßF$`$n « Z]¦F$` !`#I $Z$LC`#LCw'w ¥æ ®#¥ 3±C(7]$u
¿m(77C¤ R#¥3Á9Â$Â-Í#¡
£#$CÓÆ¡ª¥ 4! LETI©GJLCXaF$X ¦\)Is`$n ¥ ¼#$(¤ ?$iC'(?ä(da(¥3Á9Â$Â$Ì¡
®C ®7rs ®¡ ¸=¡ª¥ !ä$sr ®¡ k¡ª¥ Q `HGµFc´M×QHGµX[Z]KGsZ]XLCVv®LCF$`#Is`j F$`$n)x$Z]`#K¯GJIrb]`$V 0¯?§µ¤]
?$iHCa(®äd'¥"Á9Â$Â .¡
?sq¿®¡ª¥"¸ k§?#?A1A7]]H C(7¥s ETLCw¦E3F-`j%Z$L9wn#Z²?b]`$nHL ¥¤$'(µC?~$$' C(s7¥3ä39u¥
)0b$Z](
X JFQ#K7IALC`#K7L ¥$#¡Á9Â$Â .#¡
?sq¿®¡¥ !Ç#A7?¤$A?-µ=C(i¤$7#Y ¯Cq#¯7¤dA7]#9#sHu$?¤$d
A¯]H](¥ o E3o S0o "! 7b]X[IrLCVETIuGsG 9X'FHGJZ]X[LCVSR`$w[L7Ij`#LC®LC`HG ¥"Á .HË Î $ -Í¥Á9Â$Â$Â¡
?sq]¿®¡ª¥¾H7~# ¡¥ E3FT°0b w C?IAL K7b]`$wGµX[Z$KGJIAb]`n H`$F$?I $Z$LYn#Z±w[LC`$w ¥]äCr4¥ 3±C( ](¥3Á9Â$Â$Ì¡

Download Report

Homo narrans: the role of narration in the emergence of human

Paperzz.com

Your Paperzz