Protestant Reformation-1500s
Global 9
Mrs. Martin
ANSWER THIS QUESTION
Which situation contributed most to the beginning of
the Renaissance?

 Strong rulers censored new ideas.
 The emphasis on religious uniformity increased
 A wealthy class that supported the arts emerged
 Europe became increasingly isolated from other
regions.
ANSWER THIS QUESTION
The greatest achievements in the arts and sciences
have most frequently been found within societies
which have

 Not undergone industrialization
 A relatively wealthy class
 The emphasis on religious uniformity increased.
 Europe became increasingly isolated from other
regions.
I. Causes
A. Renaissance
1. Questioning the Church
2. Faith in HUMAN reason
B. Absolute Monarchs
1. Struggles with church
2. Support reform
against the Church
C. Problems in Church
1. Church act like kings
a. Fight for power/wealth
2. Selling of indulgences bad
a. Indulgences-PAY FOR forgiveness of SINS
(Causes cont.)
D. Christian Humanism
1. Goal= reform Catholic church
Protestant Reformers
I. Martin Luther
A. Monk /professor Germany
B. Salvation
1. Secure salvation?
2. What does Catholic Church say?
a) Faith and good works = salvation
3. Luther? Faith alone = salvation
a. Justification=made right before God by faith alone
1) Chief teaching of Protestant Reformation
C. Bible = sole source of religious truth NOT
priests
(Protestant Reformers cont.)
II. 95 Theses- October 31, 1517
A. Luther posts on door of church
1. Starts Reformation
B. Highlights church abuses
C. Ideas spread Northern Europe
(thanks to printing press! )
D. Followers of Luther =
Lutherans, then Protestants
b/c “protest” the Pope
(Protestant Reformers cont.)
III. Luther’s End
A. 1521, Excommunicated- kicked out of
church
B. Emperor tries to change Luther’s mind
1. Fails
C. Edict of Worms
1. Luther outlaw
2. Works burned
3. Luther protected=spreads ideas
(Protestant Reformers cont.)
IV. John Calvin
A. Born in France
B. Trained as priest
C. Like Luther, God only through faith
D. Predestination-God had decided who
would gain salvation at beginning
E. Followers- strict, disciplined lives
F. Ideas spread to Germany, France,
Scotland, England
Reformation In England

 Henry VIII –Absolute Monarch
Divorce wife?

Why? No son

Pope says no

English church courts gives
annullment

Henry breaks w/ Church

King made head of Church of England




similar to Catholic Church
After Henry dies, becomes more Protestant
Counter-Reformation

 Council of Trent (March 1545)




Renews and unifies
Reaffirms Catholic beliefs
Works to end abuses in Church
clergy well-educated


 Jesuits - Ignatius Loyola
Emphasize spiritual and
moral discipline

Defenders of Catholic faith

Effects of Reformation

 Europe divided


Absolute monarchs chose country’s religion
Thirty Years’ War in 1600s


 Anti-semitism increases


Protestants and Catholics restrict Jews
Jews forced into Eastern Europe



Witch Hunts

Religious mania = witch hunts

Abolished celibacy
A. Family at center