Review for Semester 1 Biology Final
The biology final will cover Chapters 1-10,19. 78 questions will be review questions for Chapters 2-9, 19 and 22
questions will be new questions on Chapter 10. The questions will be multiple choice. You need a no. 2 pencil to take
the final.
Unit 1 (Ch 1)
1. What are the characteristics of all living things?
2. What is homeostasis and how do living organisms maintain this?
Chapter 2
1. What are the unique characteristics of water and how do they support life on earth?
2. What are acids? Be able to identify acids on the pH scale.
3. What are bases? Be able to identity bases on the pH scale.
4. What is a solvent?
5. What property of carbon makes it critical for life?
6. What are the functions of proteins?
7. What happens to atoms in a chemical reaction?
8. What is a buffer?
9. What do enzymes do?
10. What is activation energy?
Chapter 3
1. What is ecology?
2. What are the levels of organization within an ecosystem?
3. What are primary producers? Be able to identify them in a food web or chain.
4. How do primary producers make their food?
5. What are herbivores and carnivores? How are they alike?
6. What are food chains and food webs?
7. What is a trophic level? Be able to identify different trophic levels in an ecological pyramid, food chain or food web.
8. What happens to energy as you move up the energy pyramid?
9. How does matter (especially carbon) cycle through the biosphere?
10. What are abiotic factors in an environment?
Chapter 4
1. What’s the difference between climate and weather?
2. What does an organism’s niche include?
3. What is a habitat?
4. What is predation? Be able to identify an example of predation.
5. What is symbiosis? Know the symbiotic relationships (mutualism, commensalism, parasitism) & be able to i.d.
examples.
6. What are primary and secondary succession?
7. Identify the biomes with the most and least amount of precipitation.
8. What is an estuary?
Chapter 5
1. What is a population? Know age structure, density and distribution patterns.
2. How do birth rate, death rate, emigration and immigration affect a population’s size?
3. What are logistic growth and exponential growth in populations?
4. What are density-dependent and density-independent limiting factors to population growth?
5. What is carrying capacity? What happens when populations exceed the carrying capacity?
6. What is demography?
Chapter 6
1. What are renewable and nonrenewable resources? Be able to give examples examples.
2. What is biological magnification and bioaccumulation? Why does this process make chemicals like DDT hazardous to
ecosystems?
3. What is acid rain and how is it formed?
4. What is biodiversity and what things threaten the biodiversity of ecosystems?
5. What is an ecological footprint?
6. What is global warming?
Chapter 7
1. What is the cell theory?
2. What are prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Be able to identify examples of each.
3. Be able to identify the structure and function of organelles/cell parts such as: nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, cell
membrane.
4. What are the channels and pumps in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane made of?
5. What is diffusion, and what happens when the concentration of molecules is the same on both sides of the membrane?
6. What is osmosis?
7. What is active transport?
8. What are exocytosis and endocytosis? Do they require energy?
Chapter
1. What
2. What
3. What
4. What
5. What
6. What
7. What
8
is ATP and how is energy released from it?
are autotrophs? How do they obtain energy?
are heterotrophs? How do they obtain energy?
happens during photosynthesis?
gas is released during photosynthesis?
happens in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis and where do they take place?
is the Calvin cycle and where does it take place?
Chapter 9
1. What is the sequence of sequence of events in cellular respiration?
2. What is lactic acid fermentation? Does it occur in the presence of oxygen?
3. What is aerobic respiration? Does it occur in the presence of oxygen?
Chapter 10
1. When a cell grows larger, what happens to the surface area and volume of the cell? Be able to calculate surface area
to volume ratio for a cube-shaped cell.
2. Why do large cells have more trouble moving needed material in and waste material out?
3. When a cell divides and daughter cells are formed, what happens in terms of the DNA in the nucleus in the daughter
cells?
4. What is the advantage genetically of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
5. What is the advantage of having the cell’s DNA bundled into separate chromosomes?
6. When are chromosomes visible during the cell cycle?
7. When in the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
8. What is cell division? What is mitosis?
9. Be able to identify and describe what is happening in the various stages of the cell cycle.
10. What are spindle fibers and what role do they play in mitosis?
11. What regulates the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotes?
12. What is cancer?
13. What is differentiation and why is it important in multicellular organisms?
14. What are stem cells and why are they important?
Chapter 19
1. What are fossils?
2. What does the fossil record show us?
3. What is a half-life?
4. Explain plate tectonics.
5. What effect did early organisms have on Earth’s early atmosphere?
6. Describe how geological forces have changed the history of life on Earth.
7. What do the layers of sedimentary rock tell us?
8. What is mass extinction?
9. Did oceans exist 4 billion years ago? Explain.
10. What was Earth’s early atmosphere primarily composed of?