PAP WORLD HISTORY
FALL SEMESTER EXAM – REVIEW
TERMS TO KNOW:
Charles Martel – Halted the Muslim invasion of Western Europe, battle of tours
Excommunication-Taking away of a person’s right to membership of the church
Feudalism-System of government based on the exchange of land for protection and services
Tournament-Mock battle that served as a training exercise for young knights
Monastery- community of Christian men who gave up all private possessions to serve god
Chivalry- Knights code of conduct
Charlemagne-Holy Roman emperor, reunited Western Europe and was crowned emperor by pope Leo 3
Fief- Land grant from a lord to a vassal
Manor-Lords estate
Canon Law-bodies of rules and regulations governing religious practice such as marriage
Spartans- Emphasized duty, strength, and discipline
Classical – In terms of Athens during Age of Pericles, used today for art of Athens
Alexander- Built an empire that stretched to India
Euclid- Wrote the basis of modern geometry, elements is the name of the book he wrote
Peloponnesian war- Sparta’s declaration of war against Athens
Demosthenes- warned Greeks about Macedonian king Phillip and his army
Dorian’s- Greek speaking people that migrated into mainland Greece, there for about 400 years and left no written record
Mycenaean’s- Indo-Europeans settling in Greek mainland, preserved and spread aspects of the Minoan culture on crete
Rhodes- Largest known Hellenistic statue is in Rhodes
Phalanx- Military formation
Legions- Military unit of the roman army of 5,000 soldiers and some on horseback
Diocletian- Divided the Roman Empire into Greek speaking east and Latin speaking west
Classical – In terms of Greco-Roman Culture
Pax Romana-Period of peace and prosperity throughout Rome lasted almost 200 years
Paul- Wrote letters that formed the New Testament
Plebeians- Common people of Rome city states
Constantine- Founded Constantinople, moved Capital Empire of Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople
Julius Caesar-Took total control of Rome and became absolute ruler, assassinated
Aqueducts- Roman engineering to bring water to the cities
Peter- Considered to be the first pope of the Christian church
Pictographs- Symbols that take the meaning of the picture
Dynasty- Series of rulers from a single family
Hieroglyphics- Ancient Egyptian writing system that stood for both ideas and sounds
Indus Valley- Early civilization that had first carefully planned cities with sophisticated plumbing
Loess- not on final, don’t study
Hammurabi- Ruler that was famous of a uniform code of laws that was famous for the empire
Shang- not on final, don’t study
Polytheism- belief in many gods
Pharaoh- ruler considered to be a king and a god
Fertile Crescent- arc of rich farmland between Tigris and Euphrates River
Al-jabr- What algebra was originally called
Justinian Code- Body of civil law created for the Byzantine Empire
Desertification- Environmental problem that dries the soil of the savannas
African Savannas- Grassy plains
Sahel- Edge of the Sahara desert
Diaspora- Forced dispersal of the Jews from their homeland
Pax Romana- Period of peace and prosperity
Slash and Burn farming- Clearing the land for farming
Prehistoric- Before the Neolithic age
Neolithic Revolution- Development of agriculture
QUESTIONS TO KNOW:
1. During the Middle Ages, where did serfs search for freedom? towns or cities
2. Which group was most responsible for the spread of the bubonic plague? traders
3. What was the central issue of the Hundred Years War? the throne of France
4. What was the name of the legislative body of medieval England? parliament
5. What was the major of the Great Schism? arguments about which man holding the position of pope was the true pope
6. What did the Magna Carta guarantee? basic legal rights
7. What was the effect of the Three Field System? Farmers could grow crops on one-half of their land.
8. What were the problems identified the Church reformers during the Middle Ages? Village priests married and had families contrary to
Church law, Kings, rather than Church leaders, appointed bishops, Bishops sold positions in the Church for money
9. What was the main goal of the Crusades? to recover Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks
10. What does “Islam” mean in Arabic? "submission to the will of Allah"
11. In what form of art can the cultural blending of Muslim world be seen? Architecture
12. What are the Muslim beliefs about Muhammad? He was the last and greatest of the prophets.
13. Toward what city do Muslims pray? Mecca
14. What are the Five Pillars of Islam? the major duties required of all Muslims
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15. Who was the main supporter of iconoclasts during the 8 century dispute over icons? the Byzantine emperor
16. What happened to Moscow under Mongol rule? Moscow grew in wealth and power.
17. What was the way of life for Africa’s earliest people? hunter-gatherers
18. Where are Africa’s main forests located? in the west-central region
19. What kind of advances happened during the Gupta Empire? advances in literature, art, science, and mathematics
20. What scientific concept did Indian astronomers prove before the Europeans? The earth is round.
21. How did Indians make a profit off the Silk Roads? They could profit by acting as middlemen.
22. What encouraged the rise of the banking system in India? increased trade
23. How did Indian traders affect Southeast Asia culture? They spread Indian styles of art, architecture, dance, and religion.
24. What were the reasons for the decline of the Roman Empire? The invasions by Germanic tribes and by Huns The huge amount of money
spent on defense, coupled with inflation, The disruption of trade
25. Why did the emperor divide the Roman Empire? To make control of the Empire more efficient.
26. When and why did Caesar and Pompey go to war?
27. The major power struggles in the early Roman republic were between what 2 groups? Members of the aristocracy and common citizens.
28. What kind of government existed after the Romans drove the last Etruscan monarch from power? They established a republic, a government
in which power rests with citizens who have the right to select their leaders.
29. Why did Roman rulers oppose Christianity? Would not worship Roman gods.
30. What languages have their roots in Latin? Spanish, French, Italian
31. What were citizen’s rights under Roman law? The right to receive equal treatment under the law, The right to be punished only for actions,
not thoughts, The right to be considered innocent until proven guilty
32. After conquering Greece, Alexander the Great conquered which regions? Persian Empire, Egypt, and the Indus Valley
33. What did Athens and Sparta have in common? They were both city-states.
34. What cultures was the Hellenistic culture a blend of? Egyptian, Indian and Persian
35. What area did Alexander the Great first take in his victory over the Persians? Anatolia
36. Who fought in the Peloponnesian War? Athens and Sparta
37. What separated the different regions in Greece? Mountains
38. What group was driven from Greece shortly before the Golden Age of Athens began? The Persians
39. How did the Mandate of Heaven affect government in China? It allowed new rulers to justify the overthrow of a declining dynasty.
40. What was a major advantage of the Chinese system of writing? People all over China could read it, even if they spoke other languages.
41. What kind of writing was done on papyrus? hieroglyphics
42. Mummification shows what belief in Egyptian culture? An afterlife
43. Who was the divine leader in Egypt that made it a theocracy? the Pharaoh
44. What were the natural barriers of Egypt made up of? Deserts
45. What was the purpose of pyramids? tombs
46. How did the domestication of animals help humans? Had a ready supply of meat and animal products.
47. What allowed people to finally be able to live in permanent villages? Neolithic Revolution
48. Are nomadic lifestyles conducive to settlements? No
49. Did record keeping allow for historical narratives and poetry to develop? record keeping
50. Was bronze used during the Neolithic Age? Not Widely, Mostly stone