CHAPTER 13
INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
SUCROSE AND ETHYL ALCOHOL
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Excercise 13.1
Collect information about monosaccharides, disaccharides and
polysaccharides. Monosaccharides and disaccharides are sweet but
polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose are not sweet. How is starch
converted into monosaccharides in our body? you will study it in chemistry
of food. After the digestion of food the starch should have been relished as a
sweet substance if there is tongue. Is it true?
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Activity 13.1
Add a pinch of starch, sucrose, and glucose in three separate test tubes.
Add few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid carefully from the bottle using a
glass tube. Wait for some time. You will notice that each substance in the test
tube gets charred. What is the reason for this? Hydrogen and Oxygen present
in the carbohydrates are absorbed by the sulphuric acid in the form of water.
Leaving behind black residue carbon.
The liberation of heat makes the residue rise. Concentrated sulphuric acid
is a good dehydrating agents.Can you suggest another method of dehydrating
starch, sucrose or glucose?
Heat the substances gently by taking them in three separate test tubes.
Duly labelled. What is your observation? Take a pinch of glucose in a test tube
and add quick lime (calcium oxide). Wait for some time. Does the glucose in
the test tube get charred? No. Quick lime is only a drying agent. Concentrated
sulphuric acid is not only a drying agent but also a dehydrating agent.
Collect information
What is the difference between drying and dehydrating? These two terms
have different meaning in chemistry, though the two are used almost with the
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dehydrating the common factor is removal, of water.
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IV. Answer the following :
6XOSKXUGLR[LGHJDVLVDOVRXVHGLQVRPHVXJDULQGXVWULHVWR
PDQXIDFWXUH VXJDU :KDW LV WKH SURSHUW\ RI VXOSKXU GLR[LGH
DSSOLFDEOHLQWKLVFDVH"
211
:KDWLVPRODVVHV"
%ULHÁ\ H[SODLQ WKH VWHSV RI PDQXIDFWXULQJ VXJDU IURP VXJDU
FDQH
:K\GRHVDSLHFHRIFRWWRQFORWKJHWFKDUUHGZKHQLPPHUVHGLQ
FRQFHQWUDWHGVXOSKXULFDFLG"
,QZKLFKIRUPGRFDUERK\GUDWHVJHWDVVLPLODWHGLQRXUERG\"
V. Discuss :
7KHUHDUHPRUHIULHQGO\EDFWHULDWKDQKDUPIXOEDFWHULD
7KHHFRORJLFDOEDODQFHLVPDLQWDLQHGE\EDFWHULD
2XU LQWHVWLQHV EHFRPH ZHDN ZKHQHYHU ZH FRQVXPH VWURQJ
DQWLELRWLFVIRUWKHEDFWHULDUHODWHGGLVHDVHV
7RPDNHEUHDG\HDVWLVXVHGEXWQRWWRPDNHFKDSDWKL
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212