Biology Slide 1 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 2 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity (Natural selection and other processes have led to a staggering diversity of organisms. Biologists have identified and named about 1.5 million species so far. They estimate that 2–100 million additional species have yet to be discovered.) Slide 3 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Why Classify? Why Classify? How are living things organized for study? Slide 4 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Why Classify? 1. taxonomy: *scientists classify organisms * assign each organism a name. *organize them into groups Slide 5 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Assigning Scientific Names 2. Assigning Scientific Names a. assign one name for each species. b. 18th century scientists understood Latin and Greek Slide 6 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Assigning Scientific Names (Early Efforts at Naming Organisms The first attempts at standard scientific names described the physical characteristics of a species in great detail. These names were not standardized because different scientists described different characteristics.) Slide 7 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Assigning Scientific Names What is binomial nomenclature? Slide 8 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Assigning Scientific Names 3. Binomial Nomenclature a. Carolus Linneaus developed this naming system b. each species is assigned a two-part scientific name. c. scientific name is italicized. d. first part of name is genus name. 1. it is capitalized e. second part of name is species name 1. often describes important trait or where it lives Slide 2. is lowercase 9 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Linnaeus’s System of Classification 4. Linnaeus's System of Classification (Linnaeus not only named species, he also grouped them into categories.) Slide 10 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Linnaeus's System of Classification a. Linnaeus's seven levels of classification are—from smallest to largest— • species • genus • family • order • class • phylum • kingdom Slide 11 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Linnaeus's System of Classification b. Taxon: each level (Species and genus are the two smallest categories.) Grizzly bear Black bear Slide 12 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Linnaeus's System of Classification Genera that share many characteristics are grouped in a larger category, the family. Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Slide 13 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Linnaeus's System of Classification An order is a broad category composed of similar families. Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Slide 14 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Linnaeus's System of Classification The next larger category, the class, is composed of similar orders. Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Class Mammalia Slide 15 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Linnaeus's System of Classification Several different classes make up a phylum. Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda PHYLUM Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Chordata Slide 16 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Linnaeus's System of Classification The kingdom is the largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus's taxonomic categories. Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star KINGDOM Animalia Slide 17 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Grizzly Black Giant bear bear panda Linnaeus's System of Classification Coral Sea Red Abert fox squirrel snake star Slide 18 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Acronym for Levels of Classification: King Phillip Came Over From Germany Swiftly Slide 19 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity 5. Dichotomous Key a. Used to identify organisms b. Series of paired statements or questions c. Use characteristics for a group of organisms or items d. Usually describe presence or absence of visible characteristics or structures (Insect keys and create insect key) Slide 20 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Click to Launch: Continue to: - or - Slide 21 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Which statement about classification is true? a. Biologists use regional names for organisms. b. Biologists use a common classification system based on similarities that have scientific significance. c. Biologists have identified and named most species found on Earth. d. Taxonomy uses a combination of common and scientific names to make the system more useful. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 22 of 26 18-1 Linnaeus's two-word naming system is called a. binomial nomenclature. b. taxonomy. c. trinomial nomenclature. d. classification. Slide 23 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Several different classes make up a(an) a. family. b. species. c. kingdom. d. phylum. Slide 24 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 A group of closely related species is a(an) a. class. b. genus. c. family. d. order. Slide 25 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Which of the following lists the terms in order from the group with the most species to the group with the least? a. order, phylum, family, genus b. family, genus, order, phylum c. phylum, class, order, family d. genus, family, order, phylum Slide 26 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall END OF SECTION
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