Community wellbeing The role of local government in promoting wellbeing Healthy Communities Programme About this report $FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV 7KLVUHSRUWSUHVHQWVWKH¿QGLQJVRID SURMHFWFRPPLVVLRQHG/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW ,PSURYHPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQWDQGWKH 1DWLRQDO0HQWDO+HDOWK'HYHORSPHQW8QLW :HZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQN$QWKHD&RRNHDQG /\QQ6QRZGRQRI,QXNVKXN&RQVXOWDQF\ 0DUFLD%URSK\RIWKH<RXQJ)RXQGDWLRQ $QGUHZ0F&XOORFKRIWKH0HQWDO+HDOWK )RXQGDWLRQDQG/\QQH)ULHGOLIRUWKHLU 7KHUHSRUWZDVZULWWHQE\-RG\$NHG-XOLHW LQWHOOHFWXDOFRQWULEXWLRQWRWKHUHSRUW7KDQNV 0LFKDHOVRQDQG1LFROD6WHXHUDWWKHFHQWUH DOVRWR0DUWLQ6H\PRXU/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW for well-being at nef (the new economics ,PSURYHPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQWDQG IRXQGDWLRQ7KHSURMHFWLQFOXGHGDURXQGWDEOH *UHJRU+HQGHUVRQ1DWLRQDO0HQWDO+HDOWK HYHQWKRVWHGE\QHILQYROYLQJOHDGLQJ 'HYHORSPHQW8QLWIRUWKHLUFRQWLQXHGVXSSRUW H[SHUWVSUDFWLWLRQHUVDQGGHFLVLRQPDNHUV DQGSROLF\DGYLFH7KDQNVWRWKHLQGLYLGXDOV 7KHUHZHUHDOVRLQGLYLGXDOGLVFXVVLRQVZLWK ZKRZURWHH[SHUWFRQWULEXWLRQVDQGWRWKH ORFDODXWKRULW\RI¿FHUVOHDGHUVDQGHOHFWHG PDQ\H[SHUWVDQGSUDFWLWLRQHUVZKRZH PHPEHUVZKRVHLGHDVDQGH[SHULHQFHVKDYH LQWHUYLHZHGDQGZKRSURYLGHGLQIRUPDWLRQIRU LQIRUPHGWKHFRQWHQWRIWKHUHSRUW RXUFROOHFWLRQRIFDVHVWXGLHV 7KHYLHZVH[SUHVVHGLQWKHSXEOLFDWLRQDUH WKRVHRIWKHHGLWRUDQGWKHFRQWULEXWLQJ DXWKRUVDQGGRQRWQHFHVVDULO\UHÀHFWWKH YLHZVRI/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW,PSURYHPHQW DQG'HYHORSPHQWRUWKRVHRIWKH1DWLRQDO 0HQWDO+HDOWK'HYHORSPHQW8QLW 2 The role of local government in promoting wellbeing Contents Part 3: Moving forward Foreword Preface 3ULRULW\DFWLRQDUHDV Part 1: Making sense of wellbeing, and local government’s role 'HYHORSLQJ\RXUFDSDFLW\ )LQGLQJRXWPRUH ,QWURGXFWLRQ Appendix: The ‘Five Ways to Well-being’ 8QGHUVWDQGLQJZHOOEHLQJ 7KHVRFLDODQGHFRQRPLFFDVH Part 2: Making it happen 6WUDWHJLFOHDGHUVKLS 6HUYLFHVDQGFRPPLVVLRQLQJ 6WUHQJWKHQLQJFRPPXQLWLHV 2UJDQLVDWLRQDODFWLYLW\ 0HDVXULQJZHOOEHLQJRXWFRPHV The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 3 Foreword IURP&RXQFLOORU'DYLG5RJHUV2%( ,DPGHOLJKWHGWRLQWURGXFHWKLVQHZSXEOLFDWLRQ IURP/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW,PSURYHPHQWDQG 'HYHORSPHQWDQGWKH1DWLRQDO0HQWDO +HDOWK'HYHORSPHQW8QLW:ULWWHQE\QHIWKH 1HZ(FRQRPLFV)RXQGDWLRQDQGLQIRUPHG through a collaborative process that brought WRJHWKHUPDQ\RIWKHOHDGLQJRUJDQLVDWLRQV DQGLQGLYLGXDOVLQWKLV¿HOGWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQ UHSUHVHQWVDVLJQL¿FDQWPLOHVWRQHLQRXU WKLQNLQJDERXWDQGDFWLRQVRQLQGLYLGXDODQG FRPPXQLW\ZHOOEHLQJ from a wellbeing perspective helps us to GHPRQVWUDWHWKHYDOXHRIORFDOJRYHUQPHQW 3URPRWLQJWKHZHOOEHLQJRILQGLYLGXDOV DQGFRPPXQLWLHVLVIXQGDPHQWDOWRWKH ZRUNRIORFDOJRYHUQPHQWDQGLVDVWURQJ PRWLYDWRUIRUORFDOFRXQFLOORUVHYHU\ZKHUH 7KLVUHSRUWVSHDNVWRWKHKHDUWRIZKDWORFDO government is about; supporting a better life IRULWVFLWL]HQVDQGKHOSLQJWREXLOGVWURQJ DQGUHVLOLHQWFRPPXQLWLHVQRZDQGRYHU WKHORQJWHUP,WFRQVLGHUVWKHUROHRIORFDO government in promoting wellbeing within the FRQWH[WRIWKHFKDOOHQJHVDQGFKDQJHVORFDO JRYHUQPHQWIDFHWRGD\ 'UDZLQJRQWKHODWHVWHYLGHQFHIURPWKH ¿HOGRIZHOOEHLQJUHVHDUFKDQGWKHSUDFWLFDO H[SHULHQFHRIORFDODXWKRULWLHVWKHUHSRUW SURYLGHVDJXLGHWRIXUWKHUDFWLRQDFURVVWKH OHYHOVDQGIXQFWLRQVRIORFDOJRYHUQPHQW ,WLVDFFRPSDQLHGE\DVHULHVRIH[SHUW RSLQLRQSLHFHVDQGWKURXJKDVHULHVRI FDVHVWXGLHVLWVKDUHVOHDUQLQJIURPVRPH RIWKHLQQRYDWLYHDQGH[HPSODU\ZRUNEHLQJ XQGHUWDNHQE\ORFDODXWKRULWLHVDQGWKHLU SDUWQHUVDFURVVWKHFRXQWU\ It is a particularly opportune moment to explore the role of local government LQSURPRWLQJZHOOEHLQJ7KHUHFHVVLRQ FRQWLQXHVWRLPSDFWRQLQGLYLGXDOVDQG RQFRPPXQLWLHVFUHDWLQJWKHQHHGWR EROVWHUWKHZHOOEHLQJDQGUHVLOLHQFHRIORFDO SRSXODWLRQV/RFDOJRYHUQPHQWWRGD\LV IDFLQJXSWRWKHFKDOOHQJHRIXQSUHFHGHQWHG FXWVLQH[SHQGLWXUHDQGVHUYLFHVDQG PRUHWKDQHYHUPXVWGHPRQVWUDWHFRVW HIIHFWLYHQHVVDQGWKHHFRQRPLFDQGVRFLDO YDOXHRILWVVHUYLFHV/RRNLQJDWRXWFRPHV 4 7KLVWKRXJKWSURYRNLQJSXEOLFDWLRQUHÀHFWV on a positive picture of the new role for local government set out by the coalition government RQWKHSRZHURIJHQHUDOFRPSHWHQFHRQ WKHSURSRVHGUROHLQSXEOLFKHDOWKDQGLQ FRRUGLQDWLQJWKHFRPPLVVLRQLQJRIKHDOWKDQG VRFLDOFDUHVHUYLFHVDQGRQWKHRSSRUWXQLWLHV SURYLGHGE\WKH%LJ6RFLHW\DJHQGD 7KLVUHSRUWLVGHVLJQHGWRVWLPXODWHIXWXUH WKLQNLQJDERXWWKHUROHRIORFDOJRYHUQPHQW LQSURPRWLQJZHOOEHLQJ,YHU\PXFKZHOFRPH WKHFKDOOHQJHVLWEULQJVIRUWKHVHFWRUDQGIRU XVDOODVLQGLYLGXDOV3URPRWLQJZHOOEHLQJLV DIWHUDOOHYHU\RQH¶VEXVLQHVV Councillor David Rogers OBE &KDLU/*$FRPPXQLW\ZHOOEHLQJERDUG The role of local government in promoting wellbeing Preface This report has been written for local DXWKRULW\FKLHIH[HFXWLYHVOHDGHUVDQG HOHFWHGPHPEHUVDQGDOVRIRURI¿FHUV ZRUNLQJWKURXJKRXWVHUYLFHGHSDUWPHQWV ,WLVDOVROLNHO\WREHRILQWHUHVWDQGUHOHYDQFH WRFHQWUDOJRYHUQPHQWGHSDUWPHQWVDQG WRKHDOWKSURPRWLRQDQGLPSURYHPHQW VSHFLDOLVWVZRUNLQJLQORFDOJRYHUQPHQWWKH 1+6DQGYROXQWDU\DQGFRPPXQLW\VHFWRU RUJDQLVDWLRQV +RZWRUHDGWKLVUHSRUW :HZDQW\RXWREHDEOHWRUHDGWKLVUHSRUW LQWKHZD\\RXIHHOPRVWXVHIXO:HKDYH GHVLJQHGLWWREHUHDGIURPVWDUWWR¿QLVKEXW ZHKDYHDOVRVWUXFWXUHGLWVRWKDW\RXFDQ EHVHOHFWLYHEDVHGRQ\RXUSDUWLFXODUDUHDRI LQWHUHVWRUUHVSRQVLELOLW\ SUDFWLFHVE\RI¿FHUVHPSOR\HGWKURXJKRXW ORFDOJRYHUQPHQWRSHUDWLRQDODQGFXOWXUDO FKDQJHXQGHUWDNHQE\+5DQGSURFXUHPHQW RI¿FHUVDQGWKHPHDVXUHPHQWRIZHOOEHLQJ RXWFRPHVE\SHUIRUPDQFHWHDPV Part 3FRQVLGHUVKRZORFDOJRYHUQPHQWFDQ VWDUWRUEXLOGRQZRUNWRSURPRWHZHOOEHLQJ ,WVXJJHVWVWKH¿UVWVWHSVIRUFRXQFLOVWR WDNHZD\VWREXLOGFDSDFLW\DQGFRQ¿GHQFH DQGZHOOEHLQJUHVRXUFHVWKDWFDQKHOSORFDO JRYHUQPHQWWRGHYHORSLWVUROH 6XSSRUWLQJPDWHULDO 7KLVUHSRUWLVVXSSRUWHGE\DFROOHFWLRQ of online material that offers a number of H[SHUWFRQWULEXWLRQVWRWKHDUJXPHQWVIRXQG LQWKHVHSDJHVVHH6HFWLRQIRUDOLVW RIWRSLFDUHDV<RXFDQ¿QGOLQNVWRWKHVH FRQWULEXWLRQVWKURXJKRXWWKHUHSRUW<RXFDQ Part 1H[SODLQVWKHIRFXVRIWKHUHSRUW,WWKHQ also access the entire collection of expert H[SODLQVWKHODWHVWWKLQNLQJRQZHOOEHLQJ FRQWULEXWLRQVRQOLQHDORQJZLWKWKHFRPSOHWH DQGKRZWKLVDSSOLHVWRWKHUROHRIORFDO VHWRIFDVHVWXGLHVWKDWZHUHIHUWRKHUH JRYHUQPHQW,WVHWVRXWWKHEHQH¿WVWKDW ZZZLGHDJRYXNZHOOEHLQJ FRXQFLOVDQGWKHLUFRPPXQLWLHVFDQJDLQE\ SURPRWLQJZHOOEHLQJ7KLVZLOOEHSDUWLFXODUO\ XVHIXOLI\RXDUHQHZWRWKHZHOOEHLQJ¿HOG Part 2VHWVRXWKRZDFWLRQFDQEHWDNHQ WRSURPRWHZHOOEHLQJDWGLIIHUHQWOHYHOV RIJRYHUQPHQW7KHSULRULW\DFWLRQDUHDV LQFOXGHDVWUDWHJLFOHDGHUVKLSUROHIRUFKLHI H[HFXWLYHVDQGOHDGHUVDUHWKLQNRIVHUYLFH GHVLJQDQGWKHFRPPLVVLRQLQJSURFHVVE\ VHUYLFHPDQDJHUVDQGFRPPLVVLRQHUVD UHFRQ¿JXUDWLRQRIFRPPXQLW\HQJDJHPHQW The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 5 Part 1: 0DNLQJVHQVHRIZHOOEHLQJDQG local government’s role 7KLVUHSRUWVSHDNVWRWKHKHDUWRIZKDWORFDO JRYHUQPHQWLVDERXWVXSSRUWLQJDEHWWHU OLIHIRUSHRSOHDQGKHOSLQJWREXLOGUHVLOLHQW FRPPXQLWLHVQRZDQGRYHUWKHORQJHUWHUP 3DUWLVLQWKUHHVHFWLRQV RXULQWURGXFWLRQH[SODLQVZK\FUHDWLQJWKH FRQGLWLRQVIRUZHOOEHLQJUHTXLUHVDZKROH SRSXODWLRQIRFXVLQFOXGLQJWKHQHHGWR FRQVLGHUQXUWXULQJSV\FKRVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJ DORQJVLGHPDWHULDOZHOOEHLQJ µXQGHUVWDQGLQJZHOOEHLQJ¶H[SORUHVWKH TXDOLWLHVRIZHOOEHLQJDQGHVWDEOLVKHVKRZ ORFDOJRYHUQPHQWFDQLQÀXHQFHLW µWKHVRFLDODQGHFRQRPLFFDVH¶H[SODLQV how action on wellbeing can help councils WRVDYHPRQH\DQGGHDOZLWKPDQ\RI the complex issues facing communities LQFOXGLQJWKHDGYHUVHHFRQRPLFFOLPDWH WKHWKUHDWRIFOLPDWHFKDQJHDQG GLVFULPLQDWLRQ 6 7RJHWKHUWKHVHVHFWLRQVDLPWRGLVSHOD common misconception – that wellbeing LV¿UVWDQGIRUHPRVWDKHDOWKLVVXHWREH GHDOWZLWKE\KHDOWKSURIHVVLRQDOV:HNQRZ WKDWWKHIDFWRUVXQGHUSLQQLQJZHOOEHLQJDUH ODUJHO\VRFLDOQRWPHGLFDOLQQDWXUH6RZK\ GRZHUHO\RQKHDOWKSUDFWLWLRQHUVDORQHWR SURYLGHWKHVROXWLRQV"6HYHUDORIWKHPRVW important levers for improving wellbeing – IRUH[DPSOHSODQQLQJWUDQVSRUWHGXFDWLRQ OHLVXUHDQGKRXVLQJ±DUHLQVWUXPHQWVRI ORFDOJRYHUQPHQW 7KLVPHDQVWKDWFRXQFLOVDQGWKHORFDO partnerships they form have real power to affect change in the wellbeing of our FRPPXQLWLHV The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 1.1 Introduction :DQWLQJWRPDNHDSRVLWLYHGLIIHUHQFHWR people’s lives is what motivates many to get LQYROYHGZLWKORFDOJRYHUQPHQWLQWKH¿UVW SODFH,QGLYLGXDOVIDPLOLHVDQGFRPPXQLWLHV VKDUHWKLVDVSLUDWLRQ7KH\ZDQWORFDO FRXQFLOVWRVSHQGWLPHDQGUHVRXUFHVRQWKH things that will have the greatest positive LQÀXHQFHRQWKHLUOLYHV 0DVVLYHUHGXFWLRQVLQSXEOLFVHFWRUEXGJHWV FUHDWHDQXUJHQWQHHGWREROVWHUWKH ZHOOEHLQJDQGUHVLOLHQFHRIORFDOSRSXODWLRQV WRSUHYHQWHYHULQFUHDVLQJGHPDQGIRU services – at a time when the fallout from WKHGHHSHVWUHFHVVLRQVLQFHWKHVKDV DOUHDG\EHHQSODFLQJVHYHUHSUHVVXUHRQ PDQ\FRPPXQLWLHV $OWKRXJKWKHUHDUHPDQ\TXHVWLRQVVWLOOWR EHDQVZHUHGWKH¿HOGRIZHOOEHLQJUHVHDUFK KDVUHDFKHGDVWDWHRIUHODWLYHPDWXULW\ :HNQRZPRUHWKDQHYHUEHIRUHDERXWWKH PDQ\FDXVHVDQGFRQVHTXHQFHVRISHRSOH GRLQJZHOODQGIHHOLQJJRRGLQOLIHDQGDERXW WKHLQWHUYHQWLRQVWKDWDUHNQRZQWRPDNHD GLIIHUHQFH %XLOGLQJRQWKHRSSRUWXQLWLHVSUHVHQWHG E\WKH%LJ6RFLHW\1DJHQGDDQGORFDO JRYHUQPHQW¶VQHZUHVSRQVLELOLWLHVWKLVUHSRUW LVWKH¿UVWDWWHPSWWRDSSO\WKHZHOOEHLQJ HYLGHQFHEDVHWRWKHWDVNRIIXQGDPHQWDOO\ UHVKDSLQJORFDOJRYHUQPHQW¶VUROH 3URPRWLQJSRSXODWLRQ wellbeing ,WKDVORQJEHHQUHFRJQLVHGWKDWORFDO JRYHUQPHQWLVDNH\SOD\HULQFUHDWLQJ WKHFRQGLWLRQVIRUPDWHULDOZHOOEHLQJ,W GRHVWKLVWKURXJKLQFUHDVLQJHPSOR\PHQW RSSRUWXQLWLHVUHJHQHUDWLQJWKHSK\VLFDO HQYLURQPHQWDQGVWUHQJWKHQLQJWKHORFDO HFRQRP\%XWPRUHUHFHQWHYLGHQFHDOVR highlights the importance of nurturing SV\FKRVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJLQORFDOSRSXODWLRQV VRWKDWDOOUHVLGHQWVFDQUHDFKWKHLUSRWHQWLDO DQGOLYHDJRRGOLIH2 7KLVUHSRUWFDOOVIRUQHZZD\VRIWKLQNLQJDQG ZRUNLQJLQORFDOJRYHUQPHQW:HQHHGDQ DSSURDFKWKDW 1 KWWSZZZQXPEHUJRYXNQHZVODWHVWQHZVELJ VRFLHW\8>$XJXVW@ +0*RYHUQPHQW1HZ+RUL]RQV&RQ¿GHQW &RPPXQLWLHV%ULJKWHU)XWXUHVDIUDPHZRUNIRUGHYHORSLQJ ZHOOEHLQJ/RQGRQ'HSDUWPHQWRI+HDOWK The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 7 recognises that the material DQG SV\FKRVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJRIUHVLGHQWVLV LQÀXHQFHGE\DOOWKHFRUHIXQFWLRQVRIORFDO government IRFXVLQJFRQWLQXDOO\RQWKRVHODEHOOHGDV µDWULVN¶RUµYXOQHUDEOH¶FDQXQGHUPLQHWKH SV\FKRORJLFDODQGVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJRIWKRVH LQGLYLGXDOVDQGWKHLUFRPPXQLWLHV8 DFWVRQZHOOEHLQJDWWKHSRSXODWLRQOHYHO FRPELQLQJVRPHWDUJHWHGLQWHUYHQWLRQVIRU WKHEHQH¿WRIWKHPRVWYXOQHUDEOH3 with a FRQFHUWHGHIIRUWWRLPSURYHRXWFRPHVIRUDOO45 the more people there are in a community ZKRKDYHKLJKOHYHOVRIHPRWLRQDODQG VRFLDOZHOOEHLQJWKHPRUHUHVLOLHQWD FRPPXQLW\LVDQGWKHPRUHDEOHLWLVWR VXSSRUWWKRVHZLWKDFXWHSUREOHPV :HNQRZIURPVRPHRIWKHODWHVWHYLGHQFH RQWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIWDNLQJDSRSXODWLRQ OHYHODSSURDFKWRSURPRWLQJZHOOEHLQJWKDW RQO\ focusing on those who are experiencing GLI¿FXOWLHVGRHVQRWQHFHVVDULO\KHOSWR UHGXFHWKHRYHUDOOSUHYDOHQFHRIGH¿FLWVDQG vulnerability for the population as a whole WKHFDXVHVRISUREOHPVDQGLQHTXDOLWLHV UHPDLQWKHVDPH6 the number of people with mental health SUREOHPVLQDFRPPXQLW\UHODWHVGLUHFWO\ to the average number of symptoms in WKHORFDOSRSXODWLRQ7KLVPHDQVWKDW intervening at the population level to create WKHFRQGLWLRQVIRUPRUHSHRSOHWRÀRXULVK FDQEHGRXEO\HIIHFWLYH,WFDQGRPRUHWR HQKDQFHZHOOEHLQJLQJHQHUDODQGUHGXFH the number of mental health problems WKDQLQWHUYHQWLRQVWDUJHWHGDWVSHFL¿F LQGLYLGXDOV7 8 7KLVLVZKDWWKH0DUPRWUHYLHZRIKHDOWKLQHTXDOLWLHVUHIHUV WRDV³SURSRUWLRQDWHXQLYHUVDOLVP´7KHUHSRUWH[SODLQVWKDW IRFXVLQJVROHO\RQWKHPRVWGLVDGYDQWDJHGZLOOQRWUHGXFH KHDOWKLQHTXDOLWLHVVXI¿FLHQWO\7RUHGXFHWKHVWHHSQHVVRI WKHVRFLDOJUDGLHQWLQKHDOWKDFWLRQVPXVWEHXQLYHUVDOEXW ZLWKDVFDOHDQGLQWHQVLW\WKDWLVSURSRUWLRQDWHWRWKHOHYHO RIGLVDGYDQWDJH0DUPRW0$OOHQ-*ROGEODWW3%R\FH7 0F1HLVK'*UDG\0*HGGHV,)DLU6RFLHW\+HDOWK\ /LYHV$6WUDWHJLF5HYLHZRI+HDOWK,QHTXDOLWLHVLQ(QJODQG 3RVW/RQGRQ7KH0DUPRW5HYLHZ$YDLODEOHDWKWWS ZZZXFODFXNJKHJPDUPRWUHYLHw ,QWKH8.*RYHUQPHQW¶V)RUHVLJKW5HYLHZRQ0HQWDO &DSLWDODQG:HOOEHLQJFRQFOXGHGWKDWJRYHUQPHQWSROLFLHV ³QHHGWRQXUWXUHWKHPHQWDOFDSLWDODQGZHOOEHLQJLQWKH ZLGHUSRSXODWLRQVRWKDWHYHU\RQHFDQÀRXULVKLQWKHLUOLYHV´ )RUHVLJKW0HQWDO&DSLWDODQG:HOOEHLQJ3URMHFW)LQDO 3URMHFW5HSRUW/RQGRQ7KH*RYHUQPHQW2I¿FHIRU6FLHQFH 7KH0DUPRW5HYLHZ)LQDO5HSRUWRSFLW +XSSHUW)$%D\OLV1DQG.HYHUQH%7KH6FLHQFHRI :HOOEHLQJ2[IRUG2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV +XSSHUW)µ$QHZDSSURDFKWRUHGXFLQJGLVRUGHUDQG LPSURYLQJZHOOEHLQJ¶3HUVSHFWLYHVRQ3V\FKRORJLFDO6FLHQFH 2IFRXUVHORFDOFRXQFLOVDUHDOUHDG\ZRUNLQJ KDUGXQGHULQFUHDVLQJ¿QDQFLDOFRQVWUDLQWV WRLPSURYHWKHOLYHVRIWKHLUFLWL]HQV%XW PRUHFDQEHGRQHDWWKHSRSXODWLRQOHYHO 6RPHFRXQFLOVDUHGRLQJSLRQHHULQJZRUN WKDWJRHVEH\RQGWKHLUVWDWXWRU\REOLJDWLRQV 7KLVLQFOXGHVWULDOVRILQQRYDWLYHVHUYLFH GHOLYHU\DSSURDFKHVWRSURPRWLQJZHOOEHLQJ 2WKHUFRXQFLOVDUHGHYHORSLQJDQGXVLQJQHZ LQGLFDWRUVRIZHOOEHLQJWRPHDVXUHRXWFRPHV DQGDVVHVVSURJUHVV 7KLVUHSRUWFRYHUVWKHVHSUDFWLFDOH[DPSOHV WRJHWKHUZLWKWKHODWHVW¿QGLQJVIURPWKH¿HOG RIZHOOEHLQJUHVHDUFK ,VWKLVWKHULJKWWLPH" /RFDOFRXQFLOV±ZKHWKHUFRXQW\GLVWULFW XQLWDU\PHWURSROLWDQWRZQRUSDULVK± IDFHXQSUHFHGHQWHGFKDOOHQJHV7KH\DUH H[SHULHQFLQJPDVVLYHUHGXFWLRQVLQWKHLU ¿QDQFHVDQGDUHVWULYLQJWRPDNHKXJH HI¿FLHQF\VDYLQJVDWDWLPHZKHQGHPDQG on public services is growing as a result RIHFRQRPLFUHFHVVLRQDQGGHPRJUDSKLF FKDQJHV But local government is also experiencing XQSUHFHGHQWHGRSSRUWXQLWLHVWRUHVKDSH LWVUROH7KH%LJ6RFLHW\DJHQGDLVSXWWLQJ DQHZVSRWOLJKWRQDNH\PHFKDQLVPIRU LPSURYLQJZHOOEHLQJ±PDNLQJSHRSOHIHHO 6WHSKHQV/5\DQ&ROOLQV-%R\OH'&RSURGXFWLRQ$ PDQLIHVWRIRUJURZLQJWKHFRUHHFRQRP\/RQGRQQHI) )ULHGOL/0HQWDO+HDOWK5HVLOLHQFHDQG,QHTXDOLWLHV 'HQPDUN:+2 The role of local government in promoting wellbeing IUHHDQGSRZHUIXOHQRXJKWRKHOSWKHPVHOYHV DQGWKHLURZQFRPPXQLWLHV$QGWKH DGGLWLRQDOUHVSRQVLELOLWLHVWKDWWKH&RDOLWLRQ government has set out for local government ±UHVSRQVLELOLWLHVIRUKHDOWKLPSURYHPHQWDQG VWUDWHJLFDOO\FRRUGLQDWLQJWKHFRPPLVVLRQLQJ RISXEOLFKHDOWKDQGVRFLDOFDUH – mean WKDWSURPRWLQJDOODVSHFWVRIZHOOEHLQJIURP JRRGKHDOWKWRVWURQJVRFLDOQHWZRUNVDQG ORFDOHFRQRPLHVZLOOEHFRPHDQHYHQPRUH FHQWUDOSDUWRIORFDOJRYHUQPHQW¶VZRUN &DUHZLOOQHHGWREHWDNHQWRHQVXUHWKDW LQYROYHPHQWLQWKH%LJ6RFLHW\LVRSHQWRDOO11 $VSXEOLFLQVWLWXWLRQVZLWKOLQNVGLUHFWO\LQWR WKHLUFRPPXQLWLHVFRXQFLOVKDYHDSLYRWDO UROHWRSOD\LQSURYLGLQJHTXLWDEOHDFFHVV WRUHVRXUFHVDQGSURPRWLQJZHOOEHLQJVR that everyone can experience the sense of DJHQF\DXWRQRP\DQGVHOIFRQ¿GHQFHWR SDUWLFLSDWH :HKDYHVRPHGLVWDQFHWRWUDYHO2Q WKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOVWDJHWKH8.IDUHV FRPSDUDWLYHO\SRRUO\RQDQXPEHURILQGLFHV PHDVXULQJPDWHULDODQGSV\FKRVRFLDO ZHOOEHLQJ,WLVWKHIRXUWKPRVWXQHTXDO FRXQWU\LQWKHZHVWHUQZRUOG12,Q(XURSH WKH8.LVDWWKHERWWRPRIWKHSLOHRQDOPRVW HYHU\SUHYHQWDEOHVRFLDOSUREOHP±LQFOXGLQJ FULPHPHQWDOLOOKHDOWKIDPLO\EUHDNGRZQ GUXJDEXVHDQGREHVLW\ 11 12 These new local government responsibilities are set out in WKHKHDOWK:KLWH3DSHU'HSDUWPHQWRI+HDOWK(TXLW\ DQGH[FHOOHQFH/LEHUDWLQJWKH1+6/RQGRQ'HSDUWPHQWRI +HDOWK &RRWH$7HQ%LJ4XHVWLRQVDERXWWKH%LJ6RFLHW\DQG WHQZD\VWRPDNHWKHEHVWRILW/RQGRQQHI :LONLQVRQ5DQG3LFNHWW.7KH6SLULW/HYHO:K\PRUH HTXDOVRFLHWLHVDOPRVWDOZD\VGREHWWHU/RQGRQ3HQJXLQ %RRNV When it comes to the psycho-social ZHOOEHLQJRIRXUFKLOGUHQWKH8.UDQNVQLQWK RXWRIFRXQWULHVLQ(XURSH13$QGOHYHOV RIWUXVWDQGEHORQJLQJDPRQJ\RXQJSHRSOH DJHGLQWKH8.DUHWKHORZHVWLQ (XURSH14 This report argues that there is no better time for local government to begin realising WKHFRVWVDYLQJVDQGDGGHGYDOXHJHQHUDWHG from pro-actively acting to improve the PDWHULDODQGSV\FKRVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJRILWV ORFDOSRSXODWLRQ7DNLQJDFWLRQRQZHOOEHLQJ has the potential both to help insulate FRXQFLOVWKHLUVWDIIDQGWKHLUFRPPXQLWLHV IURPWKHZRUVWHIIHFWVRIWKHDGYHUVH HFRQRPLFFRQWH[WDQGWREXLOGUHVLOLHQFHIRU WKHIXWXUH :HKDYHIRXQGWKDWPXFKRIZKDWLV QHHGHGWRVXSSRUWORFDOJRYHUQPHQW DFWLRQWRSURPRWHZHOOEHLQJLVDOUHDG\LQ SODFHLQFOXGLQJWKH:HOOEHLQJ3RZHUWKH IRUWKFRPLQJSRZHURIJHQHUDOFRPSHWHQFH DQGSDUWQHUVKLSZRUNLQJVWUXFWXUHV7KLV means that there is scope for councils to DGDSWPDLQVWUHDPVHUYLFHVFRVWHIIHFWLYHO\ UDWKHUWKDQUHTXLULQJQHZDQGH[SHQVLYH LQLWLDWLYHV2XUDLPLQWKLVUHSRUWLVWKHUHIRUH to reveal where opportunities exist to HIIHFWSRVLWLYHFKDQJH:HGUDZRQORFDO DXWKRULWLHV¶RZQH[SHULHQFHVWRSURYLGH JXLGDQFHDQGWLSVIRUKRZWRPDNHWKLV KDSSHQ 13 14 :+25HJLRQDO2I¿FHIRU(XURSH6RFLDO&RKHVLRQIRU 0HQWDO:HOOEHLQJDPRQJ$GROHVFHQWV:+2+%6&IRUXP ¿QDOUHSRUW 0LFKDHOVRQ-$EGDOODK66WHXHU17KRPSVRQ6DQG0DUNV 11DWLRQDO$FFRXQWVRI:HOOEHLQJ%ULQJLQJUHDOZHDOWK RQWRWKHEDODQFHVKHHW/RQGRQQHI The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 9 1.2. Understanding wellbeing 3HRSOH¶VOLYHVDUHPRVWDFXWHO\LQÀXHQFHG DWWKHORFDOOHYHO±LQWKHLUKRPHVDW VFKRROLQWKHLUSODFHVRIZRUNDQGLQWKHLU QHLJKERXUKRRGV7KLVLVDOVRZKHUHFLWL]HQV DUHPRVWOLNHO\WRFRPHLQWRFRQWDFWZLWK VHUYLFHVDQGVXSSRUWPHFKDQLVPVWRLPSURYH WKHLUOLYHV7KHUHLVHQRUPRXVSRWHQWLDO WKHUHIRUHIRUORFDOJRYHUQPHQWWRLQÀXHQFH WKHZHOOEHLQJRILWVORFDOSRSXODWLRQ 0DNLQJVHQVHRIZHOOEHLQJ µ:HOOEHLQJ¶LVDWHUPWKDWKDVFURSSHGXS LQFUHDVLQJO\IUHTXHQWO\RYHUUHFHQW\HDUVLQ SROLWLFLDQV¶VSHHFKHVLQSROLF\GRFXPHQWV LQPHQWDODQGSK\VLFDOKHDOWKVWUDWHJLHVDQG in the names of local strategic partnership /63VXEJURXSVDOORYHU(QJODQG,WZDV DOVRJLYHQSURPLQHQFHLQOHJLVODWLRQWKH /RFDO*RYHUQPHQW$FWJUDQWHGORFDO DXWKRULWLHVWKHSRZHUWRSURPRWHVRFLDO HFRQRPLFDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJLQWKHLU DUHDV ,QDVNLQJWKHSXEOLFDERXWZHOOEHLQJLW EHFRPHVFOHDUWKDWSHRSOHWHQGWRKDYH DJRRGXQGHUVWDQGLQJRILWVYDULRXV GLPHQVLRQV7\SLFDOO\WKH\PHQWLRQSUDFWLFDO FRQVLGHUDWLRQVVXFKDVKHDOWKDQG¿QDQFLDO LVVXHV15DQGVXEMHFWLYHIHHOLQJVDQG emotions (such as a sense of happiness DQGKRSHIRUWKHIXWXUH16 They also position 15 16 10 :HUHIHUKHUHWRGLVFXVVLRQVWKDWWRRNSODFHZLWKORFDO DXWKRULW\RI¿FHUVZRUNLQJRQZHOOEHLQJDVSDUWRIWKLVUHVHDUFK DQGWR%DFRQ1%URSK\00JXQL10XOJDQ*DQG6KDQGUR $7KH6WDWHRI+DSSLQHVV&DQSXEOLFSROLF\VKDSH SHRSOH¶VZHOOEHLQJDQGUHVLOLHQFH"/RQGRQ7KH<RXQJ )RXQGDWLRQ :HUHIHUWRGLVFXVVLRQVWKDWWRRNSODFHZLWKORFDODXWKRULW\ WKHLURZQZHOOEHLQJDFFRUGLQJWRWKHLU SHUVRQDOH[SHULHQFHRIIDPLO\UHODWLRQVKLSV IULHQGVKLSVDQGFRPPXQLW\17 But because ‘wellbeing’ is a term that can be XVHGWRPHDQPDQ\GLIIHUHQWWKLQJVWKHUH LVDULVNWKDWLWZLOOHQGXSORVLQJLWVPHDQLQJ DOWRJHWKHU,QYLHZRIWKLVLWLVZRUWKUHFDOOLQJ WKHYDULRXVH[LVWLQJSROLF\GH¿QLWLRQVRI wellbeing18WRLQIRUPKRZZHVKRXOGGH¿QH DQGLPSURYHLWLQDORFDOJRYHUQPHQWFRQWH[W 7KH\VKDUHVRPHNH\FKDUDFWHULVWLFV :HOOEHLQJLVDERXWKRZSHRSOHH[SHULHQFH WKHLURZQOLYHVVRIRUH[DPSOHSHRSOH must feel able to achieve things or feel they have a sense of purpose to have ZHOOEHLQJ :HOOEHLQJLVPRUHWKDQWKHDEVHQFHRI SUREOHPVRULOOQHVV7KLVUHTXLUHVDVKLIWLQ focus from what can go wrong in people’s OLYHVWRZKDWPDNHVWKHPJRZHOO :HOOEHLQJLVDERXWWKHSHUVRQDODQG WKHVRFLDOVRLPSURYLQJWKHZHOOEHLQJ RIORFDOSRSXODWLRQVQHHGVWRLQYROYHD VWUHQJWKHQLQJRIORFDOVRFLDOFRQQHFWLRQV VXSSRUWQHWZRUNVDQGWKHVHQVHRI 17 18 RI¿FHUVZRUNLQJRQZHOOEHLQJDVSDUWRIWKLVUHVHDUFKDQGWR $NHG-6WHXHU1/DZORU(DQG6SUDWW6%DFNLQJWKH )XWXUHZK\LQYHVWLQJLQFKLOGUHQLVJRRGIRUXVDOO/RQGRQQHI :HUHIHUWRGLVFXVVLRQVWKDWWRRNSODFHZLWKORFDODXWKRULW\ RI¿FHUVZRUNLQJRQZHOOEHLQJDVSDUWRIWKLVUHVHDUFKDQGWR Bacon HWDORSFLW QHIUHYLHZHGDUDQJHRISROLF\GH¿QLWLRQVLQDUHSRUWIRU1+6 1RUWKDPSWRQVKLUH¶V)ORXULVKLQJ&RPPXQLWLHV3URJUDPPH7KH GH¿QLWLRQVUHYLHZHGLQFOXGHWKRVHRIWKH:KLWHKDOO:HOOEHLQJ :RUNLQJ*URXS:*DFURVVGHSDUWPHQWFRPPLWWHHHVWDEOLVKHG WRIXO¿OFRPPLWPHQWVLQWKH8.¶VVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW VWUDWHJ\WKH)RUHVLJKW3URMHFWRQ0HQWDO&DSLWDODQG:HOOEHLQJ DQGWKHJRYHUQPHQWUHSRUWNew Horizons The role of local government in promoting wellbeing EHORQJLQJWKDWPDNHXSWKHVRFLDOIDEULFRI FRPPXQLWLHV :HOOEHLQJLVPRUHWKDQKDSSLQHVV7KH DLPRIORFDOJRYHUQPHQWWKHUHIRUHVKRXOG QRWEHWRVHWRXWWRPDNHSHRSOHKDSS\ EXWWRFUHDWHWKHFRQGLWLRQVWKDWHQDEOH FLWL]HQVDQGFRPPXQLWLHVWRGRZHOOLQOLIH WRÀRXULVK If local government’s role is to create the FRQGLWLRQVIRUZHOOEHLQJZKDWDVSHFWVRI ZHOOEHLQJVKRXOGLWIRFXVRQ" Material wellbeing 5HVHDUFKKDVIRXQGWKDWWKHPDWHULDO DQGHFRQRPLFFLUFXPVWDQFHVRISHRSOH¶V OLYHVKDYHDGLUHFWLPSDFWRQWKHLURYHUDOO ZHOOEHLQJ &HUWDLQSK\VLFDODQGVRFLRHFRQRPLF features of place – accessible health SURYLVLRQOHDUQLQJDQGHPSOR\PHQWVLWHV DVWURQJORFDOHFRQRP\ORFDOVKRSVSXEOLF WUDQVSRUWDFFHVVLEOHQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQWV ±KHOSSHRSOHWROLYHJRRGOLYHV %\FRQWUDVWSRRUTXDOLW\HQYLURQPHQWV SRYHUW\VSDWLDOLQHTXDOLWLHVDQGKLJKOHYHOV RIFULPHDUHNQRZQWRXQGHUPLQHSHRSOH¶V ZHOOEHLQJWKHLUFDSDFLW\WRÀRXULVKDQG WKHLUUHVLOLHQFH([WUHPHHYHQWVRU µVKRFNV¶VXFKDVHFRQRPLFUHFHVVLRQ RUÀRRGLQJDOVRSUHVHQWULVNIDFWRUVIRU ZHOOEHLQJ Psycho-social wellbeing 3HRSOH¶VVHQVHRIKRZWKHLUOLYHVDUHJRLQJ DQGWKHVWUHQJWKRIUHODWLRQVKLSVWKDWVXVWDLQ FRPPXQLW\OLIHDUHVWURQJO\LQÀXHQFHGE\ SV\FKRORJLFDODQGVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJ +DYLQJDSRVLWLYHRXWORRNLQOLIHDQGIHHOLQJ JRRGDERXWRQHVHOI±WKHHOHPHQWVWKDWPDNH XSHPRWLRQDOZHOOEHLQJ±GLUHFWO\SURPRWHD $NHG-0LFKDHOVRQ-6WHXHU1*RRG)RXQGDWLRQV 7RZDUGVDORZFDUERQKLJKZHOOEHLQJEXLOWHQYLURQPHQW /RQGRQQHI )ULHGOLRSFLW PRUHSRVLWLYHH[SHULHQFHRIOLIH21 5HVLOLHQFH±WKHDELOLW\RILQGLYLGXDOVRU FRPPXQLWLHVWRFRSHSRVLWLYHO\ZLWKFKDQJH FKDOOHQJHDGYHUVLW\DQGVKRFN±FDQUHGXFH WKHLPSDFWRIULVNIDFWRUVLQWKHH[WHUQDO HQYLURQPHQWVXFKDVWKHUHFHQWUHFHVVLRQ22 )HHOLQJFRQQHFWHGWRRWKHUVIHHOLQJLQ FRQWUROIHHOLQJFDSDEOHDQGKDYLQJDVHQVH of purpose all contribute to enabling a person WRÀ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³HIIRUWVWRDGGUHVVWKHV\PSWRPV RILQHTXDOLW\IRUH[DPSOHWKHVWHHSVRFLDO 21 22 23 24 %HGGLQJWRQ-&RRSHU&)LHOG-*RVZDPL8+XSSHUW) -HQNLQV5-RQHV+.LUNZRRG76DKDNLDQ%DQG7KRPDV6 µ7KHPHQWDOZHDOWKRIQDWLRQV¶1DWXUH /DPEHWK)LUVW/DPEHWK&RXQFLO/DPEHWK0HQWDO +HDOWK3URPRWLRQ6WUDWHJ\3URPRWLQJ0HQWDO +HDOWKDQG:HOOEHLQJLQ/DPEHWK$FKLHYLQJLPSDFWWKURXJK SDUWQHUVKLS/RQGRQ/DPEHWK)LUVWDQG/DPEHWK&RXQFLO 7KRPSVRQ6DQG0DUNV10HDVXULQJ:HOOEHLQJLQ 3ROLF\,VVXHVDQGDSSOLFDWLRQV/RQGRQQHI )ULHGOLRSFLW The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 11 JUDGLHQWLQKHDOWKDQGHGXFDWLRQ±DQGWKH ZLGHUVWUDWHJLFFKDOOHQJHRIUHGXFLQJWKHJDS EHWZHHQULFKDQGSRRU´5HVHDUFKVXJJHVWV WKDWKLJKOHYHOVRILQHTXDOLW\DUHGDPDJLQJWR FRPPXQLWLHVDQGVRFLHW\DVDZKROH25 There LVJURZLQJHYLGHQFHWKDWUHODWLYHGHSULYDWLRQ DQGVRFLDOLQMXVWLFHHURGHPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJ DQGLQFUHDVHVWUHVV26DQGVRPHKDYHDUJXHG WKDWWKHGLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQXVSXWDVWUDLQ RQVRFLDOUHODWLRQVE\UHGXFLQJWUXVWDQG LQWHUDFWLRQ27 7KHFRQFOXVLRQIURPDOOWKLVLVFOHDUORFDO government cannot improve the wellbeing RILWVORFDOSRSXODWLRQZLWKRXWGLUHFWO\ DGGUHVVLQJLQHTXDOLWLHV $QHZGLUHFWLRQIRUORFDO JRYHUQPHQW" Wellbeing is sometimes seen by local JRYHUQPHQWDVWKHUHPLWRIWKRVHFRQFHUQHG ZLWKKHDOWKSURYLVLRQ%XWKHDOWKVHUYLFHV DUHSULPDULO\GHVLJQHGWRWUHDWLOOQHVVHVQRW WRDGGUHVVWKHEURDGHUDVSHFWVRISHRSOH¶V OLYHVWKDWFUHDWHWKHFRQGLWLRQVRIZHOOEHLQJ Intervening only at the point when someone KDVEHFRPHXQZHOOLVXQOLNHO\WREHWKH PRVWHIIHFWLYHZD\WRDFKLHYHVLJQL¿FDQWDQG HQGXULQJFKDQJH7RIXO¿OORFDOJRYHUQPHQW¶V forthcoming responsibility for public health LPSURYHPHQWZHOOEHLQJZLOOKDYHWREHFRPH FHQWUDOWRORFDOJRYHUQPHQW¶VDJHQGDDQG QRORQJHUVROHO\DPDWWHUWREHGHDOWZLWKE\ WKRVHZLWKµKHDOWK¶LQWKHLUMREWLWOHV 'U-RKQ$VKWRQ-RLQW'LUHFWRURI3XEOLF +HDOWKIRU1+6&XPEULDDUJXHVLQKLV online contribution that the pursuit of a ZHOOEHLQJDJHQGDZLOOUHVXOWLQDZHOFRPH UHWXUQWRWKHRULJLQVRIORFDOJRYHUQPHQW *LYHQWKHLUVXFFHVVLQGHOLYHULQJVHUYLFHV Ashton argues that local authorities have FRPHWRWKLQNRIVHUYLFHGHOLYHU\DVWKHLUFRUH EXVLQHVVDQGKDYHVWRSSHGSD\LQJHQRXJK DWWHQWLRQWRWKHZLGHUGHWHUPLQDQWVRIKHDOWK A population-level focus on wellbeing has WKHSRWHQWLDOWRLPSURYHRXWFRPHVIRUDOODQG UHGXFHLQHTXDOLW\VLJQL¿FDQWO\ -RLQWGLUHFWRUVRISXEOLFKHDOWKKDYHD NH\UROHWRSOD\KHUHDFWLQJDVDSRLQWRI SDUWQHUVKLSEHWZHHQWKHZRUOGVRIKHDOWK DQGORFDOJRYHUQPHQW%XWWKLVLVDQDJHQGD WKDWPHPEHUVDQGRI¿FHUVWKURXJKRXWD ORFDODXWKRULW\PXVWHPEUDFHWRPDNHLWWUXO\ HIIHFWLYH)RFXVLQJRQERWKWKHPDWHULDODQG SV\FKRVRFLDODVSHFWVRIZHOOEHLQJGRHV QRWUHTXLUHDQDERXWWXUQ0DQ\FRXQFLOV KDYHEHHQPRYLQJLQWKHULJKWGLUHFWLRQ7KH ORQJVWDQGLQJLQWHUHVWLQWKHLPSRUWDQFHRI µTXDOLW\RIOLIH¶KDV¿UPO\HVWDEOLVKHGORFDO JRYHUQPHQWDVDNH\SOD\HULQFUHDWLQJWKH FRQGLWLRQVIRUPDWHULDOZHOOEHLQJ+RZHYHU PRUHUHFHQWHYLGHQFHVXJJHVWVWKDWPDWHULDO wealth alone cannot be thought of as V\QRQ\PRXVZLWKZHOOEHLQJ ,QFRPHSURGXFHVGLPLQLVKLQJZHOOEHLQJ UHWXUQVWKHULFKHU\RXDUHWKHOHVV\RXZLOO ¿QGWKDWDGGLWLRQDOZHDOWKLQFUHDVHV\RXU ZHOOEHLQJ 7UDGLWLRQDOULVNIDFWRUVVXFKDVORZLQFRPH FDQQRWWHOOXVZK\VRPHSHRSOHGRZHOO HYHQLQWKHIDFHRIDGYHUVLW\28 0DQ\RIWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDVVRFLDWHGZLWK PDWHULDOZHDOWK±LQFOXGLQJPDWHULDOLVP FRQVXPHULVPKLJKOHYHOVRISHUVRQDO GHEWDQGµVSDWLDOLQHTXDOLWLHV¶ – have XQZHOFRPHSV\FKRORJLFDODQGVRFLDO LPSDFWV31 28 25 $NHGHWDORSFLW 26 )ULHGOLRSFLW 27 :LONLQVRQDQG3LFNHWWRSFLW 12 31 )ULHGOLRSFLW 7KHFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIZHDOWKDQGSRYHUW\LQVHSDUDWH QHLJKERXUKRRGV 0DUNV1DQG6KDK+$ZHOOEHLQJPDQLIHVWRIRUD ÀRXULVKLQJVRFLHW\/RQGRQQHI -RVHSK5RZQWUHH)RXQGDWLRQ&RQWHPSRUDU\VRFLDO HYLOV8.7KH3ROLF\3UHVV The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 5HVHDUFKKDVVKRZQWKDWWKHPRVWµSUR VRFLDO¶QHLJKERXUKRRGVDUHQRWDPRQJ WKHSRRUHVWRUWKHULFKHVW7KHOHYHORI support someone receives from their social QHWZRUNVLVZKDWSUHGLFWVWKHLUDOWUXLVWLF EHKDYLRXU32 7KH<RXQJ)RXQGDWLRQUHFHQWO\SRLQWHGRXW WKDW³GHFDGHVRIHFRQRPLFJURZWKKDYH FUHDWHGDVRFLHW\ZKLFKE\SDVWVWDQGDUGV LVPDWHULDOO\DEXQGDQW´EXWDOVRREVHUYHG that “society’s ability to meet people’s SV\FKRORJLFDODQGSV\FKRVRFLDOQHHGV DSSHDUVWRKDYHGHFOLQHG´33 *UHDWHUHPSKDVLVRQSV\FKRVRFLDO wellbeing represents an important shift in IRFXVZKLFKEHWWHUUHFRJQLVHVMXVWDVWKH /RFDO*RYHUQPHQW$FWGRHVWKHFRPSOH[ UDQJHRIVRFLDOHQYLURQPHQWDODQGHFRQRPLF IDFWRUVWKDWSURPRWHZHOOEHLQJ,WUHTXLUHV more of a focus on people’s subjective H[SHULHQFHRIWKHLUOLYHVZKLFKUHTXLUHVWKDW FRXQFLOVWKLQNQRWMXVWDERXWZKDWWKH\GR EXWDOVRWKHZD\WKH\GRLW$VDPLQLPXPLW VXJJHVWVWKDWPRUHDWWHQWLRQVKRXOGEHSDLG to the manner LQZKLFKVHUYLFHVDUHGHVLJQHG DQGGHOLYHUHGLIFRXQFLOVDUHWRHQVXUHWKDW local people really experience their lives as JRLQJZHOO :RUNLQJWRWUHDWPHQWDOLOOQHVVPD\EHWKH UHPLWRIVSHFLDOLVWSURYLGHUV%XWZHOOEHLQJLV HYHU\ERG\¶VEXVLQHVV,WLVUHOHYDQWWRDOOWLHUV RIORFDOJRYHUQPHQWZKHWKHUFRXQW\GLVWULFW XQLWDU\PHWURSROLWDQWRZQRUSDULVKFRXQFLOV 6HUYLFHDUHDVIURPHGXFDWLRQDQGVWUDWHJLF SODQQLQJWRKRXVLQJDQGOHLVXUHVHUYLFHVDOO KDYHWKHVFRSHWRLQÀXHQFHWKHZHOOEHLQJRI ORFDOUHVLGHQWVIRUEHWWHURUZRUVH 32 33 :LOVRQ'62¶%ULHQ'76HVPD$+XPDQSURVRFLDOLW\ IURPDQHYROXWLRQDU\SHUVSHFWLYHYDULDWLRQDQGFRUUHODWLRQV DWDFLW\ZLGHVFDOH(YROXWLRQDQG+XPDQ%HKDYLRXU Bacon HWDORSFLW The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 13 1.3. The social and economic case 7KHHYLGHQFHEDVHRQZHOOEHLQJEHJDQ WRKDYHDVLJQL¿FDQWLQÀXHQFHRQQDWLRQDO SROLF\PDNLQJXQGHUWKHSUHYLRXV governmentDQGWKHVLJQVDUHWKDWLWZLOO FRQWLQXHWRGRVR36,WLVDOVREHLQJZHOFRPHG E\PDQ\FRXQFLOVNHHQWRDSSO\WKHODWHVW WKLQNLQJWRWKHLUZRUN+RZHYHUVRPHDUH FRQFHUQHGWKDWWKHLQFUHDVHGIRFXVRQ SV\FKRVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJDQGSRSXODWLRQ level interventions represents yet another DGGLWLRQDODJHQGDZKLFKZLOORQO\DGGWR H[LVWLQJSUHVVXUHV %XWLWFDQEHDUJXHGWKDWDIRFXVRQ wellbeing is a crucial part of improving SHUIRUPDQFHLQPDQ\H[LVWLQJDUHDVRIZRUN &UXFLDOO\DZHOOEHLQJDSSURDFKWRSROLF\DQG VHUYLFHGHVLJQFDQHQDEOHFRXQFLOVWRGR PRUHZLWKOLPLWHGUHVRXUFHV7KHNH\SODQNV of the business case for a focus on wellbeing DUHWKDWLWFDQ limit the long-term impacts of the recession on communities KHOSDFKLHYHSRVLWLYHRXWFRPHVHI¿FLHQWO\ UHGXFHGLVFULPLQDWLRQDQGVWLJPDIRUWKRVH H[SHULHQFLQJSRRUZHOOEHLQJDQGPHQWDO health /LPLWLQJWKHORQJWHUPLPSDFWV of the recession :KLOH¿QDQFLDOUHSRUWVLQGLFDWHWKDWWKH 8.HFRQRP\KDVRI¿FLDOO\FRPHRXWRI UHFHVVLRQ37 many communities are facing VLJQL¿FDQWSV\FKRORJLFDODQGVRFLDOSUHVVXUHV IRUWKHIRUHVHHDEOHIXWXUH/LNHDQ\SHULRG RISURORQJHGHFRQRPLFGRZQWXUQWKHUHFHQW UHFHVVLRQLVOLNHO\WREHDVVRFLDWHGZLWK LQFUHDVHGXQHPSOR\PHQWKRPHOHVVQHVVDQG GHEW±DOORIZKLFKFRQWULEXWHWRIHHOLQJVRI XQFHUWDLQW\DERXWWKHIXWXUHDQGXQGHUPLQH ZHOOEHLQJ7KHXSVKRWRIWKLVLVOLNHO\WREH DQLQFUHDVHLQLPPHGLDWHQHHGFRPELQHG with a greater proportion of the population H[SHULHQFLQJORZHUZHOOEHLQJRUµODQJXLVKLQJ¶ :KHQWKLVRFFXUVSHRSOHDUHDWDKLJKHUULVN RIGHYHORSLQJPRUHVHULRXVSUREOHPV 7RVXUYLYHOHDQHFRQRPLFWLPHVFRXQFLOV ZLOOQHHGWRSURYLGHLPPHGLDWHKHOSWR FRPPXQLWLHVZLWKVLJQL¿FDQWQHHGVZKLOH ZRUNLQJWROLPLWWKHLPSDFWRIWKHUHFHVVLRQ DQGVSHQGLQJFXWVRQWKHZHOOEHLQJRIWKH 37 38 HQFRXUDJHSRVLWLYHEHKDYLRXUFKDQJH 34 35 36 14 )RUHVLJKW0HQWDO&DSLWDODQG:HOOEHLQJ3URMHFWRSFLW +0*RYHUQPHQWRSFLW )RUH[DPSOHWKHJRYHUQPHQW¶V&RDOLWLRQ$JUHHPHQW GRFXPHQWPDNHVDQXPEHURIUHIHUHQFHVWRWKHQHHGWR DGGUHVVµZHOOEHLQJDQGTXDOLW\RIOLIH¶&DELQHW2I¿FH 7KH&RDOLWLRQ2XUSURJUDPPHIRUJRYHUQPHQW/RQGRQ7KH &DELQHW2I¿FH %%&1HZVRQOLQH-DQXDU\KWWSQHZVEEFFRXN KLVWm 7XQVWDOO5DQG)HQWRQ$&RPPXQLWLHVLQ5HFHVVLRQ7KH LPSDFWRQGHSULYHGQHLJKERXUKRRGV<RUN-RVHSK5RZQWUHH )RXQGDWLRQVHHKWWSZZZMUIRUJXNVLWHV¿OHVMUIFRPPXQLWLHV UHFHVVLRQLPSDFWQHLJKERXUKRRGVSGf 0D\ 7KH$XGLW&RPPLVVLRQGHVFULEHVWKUHHZDYHVRIDUHFHVVLRQ HFRQRPLFVRFLDODQGXQHTXDOUHFRYHU\UHVSHFWLYHO\7KH VRFLDOZDYHLVDORQJSHULRGLQZKLFKRXWSXWJURZWKUHWXUQV EXWMREORVVHVFRQWLQXH8QHPSOR\PHQWUHPDLQVKLJKEULQJLQJ ZLWKLWLQFUHDVLQJKRXVLQJKHDOWKDQGGRPHVWLFSUREOHPV $XGLW&RPPLVVLRQ:KHQLW&RPHVWRWKH&UXQFK« +RZFRXQFLOVDUHUHVSRQGLQJWRWKHUHFHVVLRQ/RQGRQ $XGLW&RPPLVVLRQ±VHHKWWSZZZDXGLWFRPPLVVLRQJRY XN6LWH&ROOHFWLRQ'RFXPHQWV$XGLW&RPPLVVLRQ5HSRUWV 1DWLRQDO6WXGLHVZKHQLWFRPHVWRWKHFUXQFKDXJ5(3SGf 0D\ The role of local government in promoting wellbeing UHPDLQGHURIWKHSRSXODWLRQ8QOHVVWKLVNLQG RIGXDODFWLRQLVWDNHQORFDOJRYHUQPHQW ULVNVVWRULQJXSSUREOHPVIRUVHYHUDO\HDUV GRZQWKHOLQHZKHQSXEOLFVSHQGLQJLVOLNHO\ WREHHTXDOO\RUHYHQPRUHVWUHWFKHG 2QHZD\IRUORFDOJRYHUQPHQWWRUHVSRQG WRVLJQL¿FDQWUHGXFWLRQVLQLWVEXGJHWVLV WRIRFXVRQUHGXFLQJWKHDPRXQWVSHQWRQ WDFNOLQJSUREOHPVWKDWFRXOGEHSUHYHQWHG ,QWKHVSLULWRIDSUHYHQWDWLYHDSSURDFKD IRFXVRQZHOOEHLQJLVOHVVFRQFHUQHGZLWK WKHV\PSWRPVRISUREOHPVDQGIDUPRUH LQWHUHVWHGLQWKHXQGHUO\LQJFDXVHV $VWKHµ5LYHU6WRU\¶DWWULEXWHGWRFRPPXQLW\ RUJDQLVHU6DXO$OLQVN\LOOXVWUDWHVDVWUDWHJ\ DLPHGZKROO\DWKHOSLQJWKRVHZKRKDYHIDOOHQ in the river cannot also stop the next lot of SHRSOHIDOOLQJLQ7RGRWKLVORFDOJRYHUQPHQW KDVWRXQGHUVWDQGZK\DQ\RQHLVIDOOLQJLQWR WKHULYHULQWKH¿UVWSODFH,WKDVWRIRFXVVRPH RILWVHIIRUWVµXSVWUHDP¶6SHQGLQJDOLWWOHPRQH\ upfront to prevent problems has the potential WRVDYHODUJHDPRXQWVGRZQWKHOLQHLQWKH EXGJHWVRIIURQWOLQHVHUYLFHV)RUH[DPSOH 3URPRWLQJSRVLWLYHPHQWDOKHDOWKLQFKLOGUHQ ZLWKPRGHUDWHKHDOWKFRXOGVDYH SHU FDVHLQOLIHWLPHFRVWV7KHFRVWVRILQLWLDWLYHV to achieve these savings (parenting SURJUDPPHVIRUH[DPSOHDUHORZUDQJLQJ IURP WR SHUFKLOG41 ,QSRSXODWLRQVQHDUJUHHQVSDFHSDUNV ZRRGODQGRSHQVSDFHVWKHLQFRPHUHODWHG health gap is half what it is in populations OLYLQJZLWKIHZHVWJUHHQVSDFHVQHDUE\42 41 42 /*,PSURYHPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQW9DOXLQJ+HDOWK 'HYHORSLQJDEXVLQHVVFDVHIRUKHDOWKLPSURYHPHQW/RQGRQ /*,PSURYHPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQWVHHKWWSZZZLGHDJRY XNLGNFRUHSDJHGR"SDJH,G 20D\ )ULHGOL/DQG3DUVRQDJH03URPRWLQJ0HQWDO+HDOWKDQG 3UHYHQWLQJ0HQWDO,OOQHVV7KHHFRQRPLFFDVHIRULQYHVWPHQWLQ :DOHV:DOHV0HQWDO+HDOWK3URPRWLRQ1HWZRUN )ULHGOLDQG3DUVRQDJHLELG This suggests that reliance on local services VXFKDVKRXVLQJRUKHDOWKSURYLVLRQFRXOG EHUHGXFHGIRUSRSXODWLRQVOLYLQJLQJUHHQ HQYLURQPHQWV ,WKDVEHHQHVWLPDWHGWKDWLQYHVWPHQWLQ FKLOGUHQ¶VFHQWUHVFDQEULQJZHOOEHLQJEHQH¿WV WRFKLOGUHQDQGSDUHQWVXOWLPDWHO\GHOLYHULQJ RYHU ZRUWKRIEHQH¿WVWRVRFLHW\IRUHYHU\ SRXQGLQYHVWHG9DOXHLVJHQHUDWHGIURP SUHYHQWLQJVSHQGRQSURYLVLRQOLNHDOWHUQDWLYH VFKRRODUUDQJHPHQWVDVFKLOGUHQJURZROGHU43 :KLOHPDQ\FRXQFLOVGRH[SHULHQFHKLJK SRSXODWLRQFKXUQZLWKODUJHQXPEHUVRI SHRSOHPRYLQJLQDQGRXWRIWKHDUHDPDQ\ people live in the same locality for most of WKHLUOLYHV7KLVPHDQVWKDWWKHOLIHWLPHFRVWV RIQRWSUHYHQWLQJSUREOHPVSRVHDVLJQL¿FDQW FKDOOHQJHWRDQ\ORFDODXWKRULW\FRPPLWWHGWR PDNLQJJRRGXVHRIFRXQFLOWD[SD\HUV¶PRQH\ 5HFHQWUHVHDUFKE\QHIFDOFXODWHGWKDW WKHFRVWRIWKH8.¶VSUHYHQWDEOHSUREOHPV DPRXQWVWR ELOOLRQHDFK\HDU44 It is XQGRXEWHGO\WKHFDVHWKDWWKHVHVRFLDO SUREOHPV±VXFKDVFULPHVXEVWDQFH PLVXVHPHQWDOKHDOWKSUREOHPVWHHQDJH ELUWKVDQGREHVLW\±KDYHDNQRFNRQHIIHFW RQH[SHQGLWXUHDWDORFDOOHYHOWKURXJK GHDOLQJZLWKGDPDJHWRWKHEXLOWHQYLURQPHQW WKURXJKSURYLGLQJKRXVLQJDQGWKURXJKVRFLDO ZRUNFRVWV:RUNWRFDOFXODWHWKHFRVWVDQG savings to local authorities of a wellbeing DSSURDFKZRXOGVLJQL¿FDQWO\KHOSWKLVGHEDWH DQGSURYLGHLQVLJKWVLQWRZD\VRIZRUNLQJ 3UHOLPLQDU\ZRUNDWQHIIRUH[DPSOH LQGLFDWHVWKDWVDYLQJVDFFUXHWRGLIIHUHQW GHSDUWPHQWVWKDQWKRVHZKRPDNHWKHLQLWLDO LQYHVWPHQWKLJKOLJKWLQJRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUQHZ DSSURDFKHVWRFRPPLVVLRQLQJDQGQHZZD\V RIUHFRJQLVLQJ¿QDQFLDODQGRWKHUUHWXUQV EHWZHHQVWDNHKROGHUVVHHVHFWLRQ± µ&RPPLVVLRQLQJIRUZHOOEHLQJRXWFRPHV¶ 43 44 $NHGHWDO LELG The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 15 0LFKDHO3DUVRQDJHRIWKH6DLQVEXU\&HQWUH for Mental Health suggests in his online FRQWULEXWLRQWKDW³HIIHFWLYHSUHYHQWLRQDQG early intervention may offer substantial VFRSHIRUµTXLFNZLQV¶´%XWKHVLPLODUO\ FRQFOXGHVWKDWWKLVZLOOPHDQDOORFDWLQJ UHVRXUFHVLQOHDQWLPHVGLIIHUHQWO\VHHWKH ER[RQµ6SHQGLQJRQZHOOEHLQJLQWKHFXUUHQW HFRQRPLFFOLPDWH¶ The experience of Hampshire County &RXQFLOLQFDVHVWXG\VKRZVKRZIRFXVLQJ H[SOLFLWO\RQWKHZHOOEHLQJRIROGHUSHRSOH PDNHVHFRQRPLFVHQVH7KHLQFHQWLYHIRU JHWWLQJLWULJKWLVDµGRXEOHSUL]H¶±PRUH ZHOOEHLQJIRUDOODQGDWWKHVDPHWLPH the sustainability of public services is VDIHJXDUGHGIRUWKHIXWXUH 6SHQGLQJRQZHOOEHLQJLQWKHFXUUHQWHFRQRPLFFOLPDWH 6RPHNH\FRQVLGHUDWLRQVIRUVHQLRUFRPPLVVLRQHUVDQGVHUYLFHPDQDJHUVLQFOXGH Prioritise and follow the evidence 7KHSXEOLFPHQWDOKHDOWKDJHQGDLVSRWHQWLDOO\YHU\EURDGDQGLWLVXQUHDOLVWLFWRSXUVXH LPSURYHPHQWVRQHYHU\IURQW3ULRULWLVDWLRQVKRXOGEHEDVHGRQWKHDYDLODEOHHYLGHQFH ZKLFKVXJJHVWVVWURQJO\WKDWPDQ\RIWKHµEHVWEX\V¶DUHWREHIRXQGLQSURJUDPPHV DLPHGDWFKLOGUHQDQG\RXQJSHRSOH6RPHZRUNSODFHEDVHGLQWHUYHQWLRQVDQGORZFRVW HQYLURQPHQWDOLPSURYHPHQWVVXFKDVQRLVHUHGXFWLRQDUHDOVRSDUWLFXODUO\HIIHFWLYH Avoid short-term cuts 7HPSRUDU\UHGXFWLRQVLQIXQGLQJDUHOLNHO\WRUHGXFHWKHHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIHVWDEOLVKHG SURJUDPPHV2QHUHYLHZRIHYLGHQFHRQLQWHUYHQWLRQVLQWKHHDUO\\HDUVIRXQGWKDW DPRQJWKHNH\FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIHIIHFWLYHSURJUDPPHVDUHWKDWWKH\DUHORQJWHUPLQ QDWXUHDQGVXVWDLQHGE\FRPPLWWHGIXQGLQJ45 Implementation matters ,WLVDIDOVHHFRQRP\WRFXWFRUQHUVRQWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIHYLGHQFHEDVHG SURJUDPPHVIRUH[DPSOHE\HPSOR\LQJVWDIIZLWKLQDGHTXDWHWUDLQLQJ2QHUHYLHZRI PHQWDOKHDOWKSURPRWLRQSURJUDPPHVIRXQGWKDWWKHRXWFRPHVIRUZHOOLPSOHPHQWHG SURJUDPPHVDUHW\SLFDOO\WZRWRWKUHHWLPHVEHWWHUWKDQIRUSRRUO\LPSOHPHQWHGRQHV46 Mainstreaming 0DQ\WKLQJVDIIHFWPHQWDOKHDOWKDQGEHWWHUPHQWDOKHDOWKKDVPDQ\SRWHQWLDOEHQH¿WV$ FRQFHUQIRUPHQWDOKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJVKRXOGWKHUHIRUHEHHYHU\ERG\¶VEXVLQHVV$NH\ UROHIRUORFDOJRYHUQPHQWVKRXOGEHWRIRVWHUWKLVZLGHUSHUVSHFWLYHDQGHQFRXUDJHWKH PDLQVWUHDPLQJRIZHOOEHLQJLQDVZLGHDUDQJHRIVHWWLQJVDQGRUJDQLVDWLRQVDVSRVVLEOH )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFW0LFKDHO3DUVRQDJH([7UHDVXU\(FRQRPLVWDQG6HQLRU 3ROLF\$GYLVHU6DLQVEXU\&HQWUHIRU0HQWDO+HDOWK 45 46 16 7LWWHUWRQ06PDUW+DQG+LOO0µ0HQWDOKHDOWKSURPRWLRQDQGWKHHDUO\\HDUVWKHHYLGHQFHEDVHIRULQWHUYHQWLRQV¶-RXUQDO RI0HQWDO+HDOWK3URPRWLRQ 'XUODN-DQG'X3UH(µ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQPDWWHUVDUHYLHZRIUHVHDUFKRQWKHLQÀXHQFHRILPSOHPHQWDWLRQRQSURJUDP RXWFRPHVDQGWKHIDFWRUVLQÀXHQFLQJLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ¶$PHULFDQ-RXUQDORI&RPPXQLW\3V\FKRORJ\ The role of local government in promoting wellbeing Case study 1: 7KHEXVLQHVVFDVHIRUJDUGHQLQJVXSSRUWLQ+DPSVKLUH 7KHFRXQW\FRXQFLOLQ+DPSVKLUHKDVFRPPLVVLRQHGDJDUGHQLQJVXSSRUWVHUYLFHWKURXJK 6XSSRUWLQJ3HRSOHLQUHVSRQVHWRZKDWORFDOROGHUSHRSOHVDLGWKH\QHHGHG7KHUHVXOWVRI WKH2OGHU3HRSOH¶V:HOOEHLQJ6WUDWHJ\FRQVXOWDWLRQKDGLGHQWL¿HGVXSSRUWZLWKJDUGHQLQJ DVRQHRIWKHPDLQSULRULWLHVIRUROGHUSHRSOHWRHQDEOHWKHPWRUHPDLQLQGHSHQGHQWLQ WKHLURZQKRPHV$WWKHVDPHWLPH6XSSRUWLQJ3HRSOH¶VVWUDWHJLFUHYLHZRIROGHUSHRSOH¶V VHUYLFHVKLJKOLJKWHGDVLPLODUQHHG 7KHJDUGHQLQJVXSSRUWVHUYLFHLVRSHQWRDQ\RQHRYHUWKHDJHRIDQGHDFKFDQKDYH VL[WZRKRXUYLVLWVD\HDUZLWKWZROHYHOVRISD\PHQWVGHSHQGLQJRQEHQH¿WVWDWXV7KH DLPRIWKHVHUYLFHLVWRHQFRXUDJHSHRSOHWRHQMR\WKHLUJDUGHQVDQGSDUWLFLSDWHLQWKHLU XSNHHS7KLVFDQKDSSHQHLWKHUE\LPSURYLQJSHRSOH¶VVNLOOVRUE\UHPRGHOOLQJWKHLU JDUGHQVVRWKDWWKH\QHHGOHVVPDLQWHQDQFH $JDUGHQFDQEHDQLPSRUWDQWFRQWULEXWRUWRDVHQVHRIZHOOEHLQJ%XWZKHQJDUGHQVDUH QHJOHFWHGDQGRYHUJURZQWKLVFDQKDYHQHJDWLYHHIIHFWVRQDQLQGLYLGXDO¶VZHOOEHLQJ ,WFDQUHVXOWLQKRPHVEHFRPLQJWKHWDUJHWVRIFULPHZKLFKDIIHFWVERWKWKHLQGLYLGXDO DQGWKHZKROHFRPPXQLW\ 2QHRIWKHELJJHVWFKDOOHQJHVIRUORFDOFRXQFLOVLVKRZWRMXVWLI\WKHH[SHQGLWXUH DVVRFLDWHGZLWKDZHOOEHLQJDSSURDFKDWDWLPHZKHQEXGJHWVDUHJHWWLQJVTXHH]HG +DPSVKLUH&RXQW\&RXQFLOIRXQGWKDWWKH¿QDQFLDOµEX\LQ¶IRUJDUGHQLQJVXSSRUW EHFRPHVFOHDUZKHQ\RXORRNDWUHVHDUFK¿QGLQJVVKRZLQJWKDWSHUFHQWRIWKRVHZKR HQWHUVXSSRUWHGDFFRPPRGDWLRQGRVREHFDXVHWKH\FDQQRWPDQDJHWKHLUJDUGHQV47 By UHVSRQGLQJZLWKDORZOHYHOLQWHUYHQWLRQWRVXSSRUWROGHUSHRSOHWKHFRXQFLOUHDOLVHGWKDWLW FRXOGQRWRQO\LPSURYHZHOOEHLQJEXWDOVRSRVVLEO\GHOD\WKHSRLQWDWZKLFKUHVLGHQWVPD\ QHHGPRUHLQWHQVLYHDQGH[SHQVLYHFDUH 7KHVXSSRUWVHUYLFHKDVEHHQUXQQLQJIRUVL[PRQWKVDQGH[DPSOHVRIFOLHQWIHHGEDFN UHÀHFWWKHZHOOEHLQJYDOXHRISURYLGLQJJDUGHQLQJVXSSRUW ³7KHKHGJHHVSHFLDOO\ORRNVEHWWHUDVLWKDGQRWEHHQGRQHVLQFHP\KXVEDQGGLHGLQ DQGWKHIURQWJDUGHQORRNVDVLIVRPHRQHFDUHV´ ³7KH\KDYHJLYHQPHEDFNP\OLIHWKDQN\RXVRPXFK´ )RUIXUWKHULQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFW$OH[%XUQ+HDGRI2OGHU3HRSOH¶V:HOOEHLQJ7HDP +DPSVKLUH&RXQW\&RXQFLO 47 6SXUJHRQ7µ&UHDWLQJJDUGHQLQJLQGHSHQGHQFH±ZRUNLQJZLWKROGHUDQGGLVDEOHGSHRSOHDWKRPH¶*URZWKSRLQW-RXUQDORI 7KULYH The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 17 Helping to achieve positive RXWFRPHVHI¿FLHQWO\ 3RVLWLYHZHOOEHLQJKDVEHHQDVVRFLDWHG DPRQJRWKHUWKLQJVZLWKKHDOWKLHUOLIHVW\OHV EHWWHUSK\VLFDOKHDOWKLPSURYHGUHFRYHU\ IURPLOOQHVVKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQDODWWDLQPHQW LPSURYHGHPSOR\PHQWDQGHDUQLQJVEHWWHU UHODWLRQVKLSVPRUHVRFLDOFRKHVLRQDQG OHVVFULPH48 These are outcomes all local DXWKRULWLHVDQGWKHLUUHVLGHQWVZRXOG ZHOFRPH In striving to meet these outcomes we often focus on the ‘what’ (the numbers of people VPRNLQJWKHQXPEHUVRIFKLOGUHQZLWK DQWLVRFLDOEHKDYLRXURUGHUV$6%2VRUWKH QXPEHUVRIORZ*&6(VFRUHVDQGIRUJHWWR WKLQNDERXWWKHµZK\¶KRZSRVLWLYHSHRSOH IHHODERXWWKHIXWXUHLIWKH\IHHOWKH\WUXVW DQGEHORQJWRWKHLUORFDOFRPPXQLW\KRZ PXFKWKH\EHOLHYHLQWKHPVHOYHV,QIDFW it is often small improvements in people’s SV\FKRORJLFDORUVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJWKDWOHDGWR DSRVLWLYHFKDQJHLQRXWFRPHV ‘Win-win’ opportunities such as these show why initiatives to improve wellbeing are effective points of intervention that can have a ripple effect across the business of the FRXQFLO7KH\FDQVDYHFRXQFLOVPRQH\DQG PDNHEHWWHUXVHRIVFDUFHUHVRXUFHV 5HGXFLQJGLVFULPLQDWLRQDQG WDFNOLQJVWLJPD )RUWKRVHSHRSOHZKRGRH[SHULHQFHSRRU ZHOOEHLQJDQGPHQWDOKHDOWKVWUDWHJLHVWR promote population-level wellbeing can help WRUHGXFHGLVFULPLQDWLRQDQGWDFNOHVWLJPD )RUH[DPSOH By promoting wellbeing at the population OHYHOFRXQFLOVFDQLQFUHDVHXQGHUVWDQGLQJ about what it is to ‘be well’ across WKHZKROHSRSXODWLRQ&UHDWLQJWKLV XQGHUVWDQGLQJFDQUHGXFHGLVFULPLQDWLRQ against those who have poor mental KHDOWK 7KHZHOOEHLQJOHQVORRNVDWVRPHRQHDV DZKROHSHUVRQQRWGH¿QHGRQO\E\WKHLU SUREOHPVRUQHHGV7KLVKHOSVWRWDFNOH VWLJPD,WHQFRXUDJHVDQDVVHWVEDVHG DSSURDFKWKDWVWDUWV¿UVWDQGIRUHPRVW ZLWKSHRSOH¶VHQHUJ\VNLOOVLQWHUHVWV NQRZOHGJHDQGOLIHH[SHULHQFH Because a wellbeing approach encourages DPRUHURXQGHGXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIKRZ UHVLGHQWVH[SHULHQFHWKHLUOLYHVDFWLRQVWR improve the wellbeing of the local population can contribute to a range of policy outcomes *UHDWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHZLGHUDQJH WKDWGLIIHUHQWFRXQFLOGHSDUWPHQWVDUH RIIDFWRUVWKDWLQÀXHQFHPHQWDOKHDOWK ZRUNLQJWRZDUGV:LWKDVLQJOHLQLWLDWLYH DQGZHOOEHLQJLQFUHDVHVDZDUHQHVV JRDOVDFURVVGLIIHUHQWGHSDUWPHQWVFDQEH WKDWPHQWDOKHDOWKDQGPHQWDOLOOQHVV UHDOLVHG7KURXJKXUEDQGHVLJQDQGWUDQVSRUW DUHVRFLDOLQGLFDWRUVQHHGLQJVRFLDO SROLF\IRUH[DPSOHORFDOJRYHUQPHQWFDQ VROXWLRQV,QÀXHQWLDOIDFWRUVVXFKDV HQFRXUDJHSHRSOHWRZDONRUF\FOHZKLFK VHQVHRIFRPPXQLW\WKHTXDOLW\RIWKH LPSURYHVSK\VLFDODQGPHQWDOKHDOWKDVZHOO EXLOWHQYLURQPHQWDQGOHYHOVRILQFRPH DVUHGXFLQJFDUERQHPLVVLRQV LQHTXDOLW\FDQQRWEHWDFNOHGE\LQGLYLGXDOV DORQH 48 51 18 )ULHGOLRSFLW $NHGHWDORSFLW &RPPLVVLRQIRU$UFKLWHFWXUHDQGWKH%XLOW(QYLURQPHQW )XWXUH+HDOWK6XVWDLQDEOHSODFHVIRUKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJ /RQGRQ&$%(±VHHKWWSZZZFDEHRUJXN¿OHVIXWXUH KHDOWKSGf Michaelson HWDORSFLW $V-HII:DONHUIURP0LQGH[SODLQVLQFDVH VWXG\WKHDGGHGYDOXHRIZHOOEHLQJ SURPRWLRQDQGSUHYHQWLRQLQLWLDWLYHVLVWKDW they focus much more on local activities The role of local government in promoting wellbeing WKDWHYHU\RQHFDQEHDSDUWRIVXFKDV JDUGHQLQJVLQJLQJDQGWLPHEDQNV7KLV PDNHVWKHVHLQLWLDWLYHVQRQVWLJPDWLVLQJ Case study 2: 3URPRWLQJZHOOEHLQJDPRQJPHQWDOKHDOWKVHUYLFHXVHUV &DQZHOOEHLQJSURPRWLRQKHOSPHQWDOKHDOWKVHUYLFHXVHUV"7KLVLVDQLVVXHWKDWRIWHQ FRQFHUQVPHQWDOKHDOWKVHUYLFHSURYLGHUVDQGXVHUV-HII:DONHUZKRKDVH[SHULHQFHG PHQWDOLOOKHDOWKDQGQRZZRUNVDV:HOOEHLQJ3URJUDPPH0DQDJHUIRU0LQGKDVVWURQJ YLHZVRQWKLVLVVXH+HIHHOVWKDWZHOOEHLQJLQLWLDWLYHVFDQEHQH¿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³7KHZHOOEHLQJDSSURDFKLVPRUHLQFOXVLYH±LWGRHVQ¶WPDWWHUZKHWKHU\RXVHH\RXUVHOIDV DVHUYLFHXVHURUMXVWDPHPEHURIWKHORFDOFRPPXQLW\,WLVSDUWLFXODUO\JRRGIRUSHRSOH ZKRPD\QRWEHXVLQJDQ\VHUYLFHEXWDUHYXOQHUDEOHRUODQJXLVKLQJ ³$FFHVVLVHDVLHUDVWKHRSSRUWXQLWLHVDUHSURYLGHGLQPDLQVWUHDPORFDODQGQRQ VWLJPDWLVLQJHQYLURQPHQWV ³7KHZKROHSRSXODWLRQFDQEHUHDFKHGORFDOO\EXWWKHRIIHUFDQEHWDLORUHGWRORFDOQHHG For some ethnic minorities a non-stigmatising approach is essential if anyone is to come DQ\ZKHUHQHDU´ -HIILVDFXWHO\DZDUHRIWKHGDQJHUWKDWSHRSOHZLWKDQHVWDEOLVKHGPHQWDOLOOQHVVPD\QRW ZDQWWRSDUWLFLSDWHDQGPD\UHVLVWDWWHPSWVWRRIIHUµWKHLU¶VHUYLFHVWRDZLGHUSRSXODWLRQ 7KLVPD\UHTXLUHDPRGHORIVSHFLDOLVWVXSSRUWEHLQJRIIHUHGZKLOHVWLOOHQFRXUDJLQJ DFFHVVWRXQLYHUVDOZHOOEHLQJVHUYLFHV -HIILVH[FLWHGDERXWWKHUROHORFDODXWKRULWLHVFDQSOD\LQGHYHORSLQJLQLWLDWLYHVVXFKDV UHDGLQJJURXSVLQORFDOOLEUDULHVZDONLQJJURXSVLQORFDOSDUNVDQGGRJZDONLQJLQLWLDWLYHV 7KHVHDUHDOODSSURDFKHVWKDWFDQEULQJWRJHWKHUGLYHUVHJURXSVLQFOXGLQJERWKVHUYLFH XVHUVDQGQRQVHUYLFHXVHUV+HVDLG³/RFDODXWKRULWLHVKDYHDFUXFLDOUROH±PRVWORFDO DXWKRULW\IXQFWLRQVDUHQRWDVVRFLDWHGZLWKPHQWDOKHDOWKVHUYLFHV7KHLUVSHFWUXPRI UHVSRQVLELOLW\LVLGHDOO\VXLWHGWRXQLYHUVDOZHOOEHLQJLQWHUYHQWLRQV´ -HII:DONHUZDVLQWHUYLHZHGE\'U$QGUHZ0F&XOORFK&(2RIWKH0HQWDO+HDOWK)RXQGDWLRQ The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 19 (QFRXUDJLQJSRVLWLYH behaviour change *LYLQJJUHDWHUHPSKDVLVWRZHOOEHLQJ LVJDLQLQJJURXQGDVDPHFKDQLVPIRU HQFRXUDJLQJEHKDYLRXUFKDQJH,WLV LQFUHDVLQJO\UHFRJQLVHGWKDWPDQ\RIWKH outcomes which local government aims to DFKLHYHHVSHFLDOO\DURXQGSXEOLFKHDOWKDQG HQYLURQPHQWDOEHKDYLRXUVLQYROYHDVKLIW LQWKHDWWLWXGHVDQGEHKDYLRXUVRIWKHORFDO SRSXODWLRQ7DNLQJDZHOOEHLQJDSSURDFK KDVEHHQIRXQGWREHKHOSIXOLQHQJDJLQJ SHRSOHDERXWFKDQJLQJERWKKHDOWKDQG HQYLURQPHQWDOEHKDYLRXUV 2QWKHZKROHSHRSOHGRQRWOLNHFKDQJH %\WDNLQJDSRVLWLYHDSSURDFKWRIRFXV on what people in a local population are GRLQJZHOOFRXQFLOVFDQSURYLGHIHHGEDFN WKDWLQFHQWLYLVHVFHUWDLQEHKDYLRXUVOLNH H[HUFLVH7KLVVWUDWHJ\LVOLNHO\WREHPRUH effective at shifting the ‘norm’ than one which emphasises how little exercise is WDNLQJSODFHVRPHWKLQJZKLFKOHDYHVSHRSOH feeling comfortable that their low exercise OHYHOVDUHIDLUO\QRUPDO6LPLODUO\E\IRFXVLQJ RQZKDWSHRSOHVWDQGWRJDLQUDWKHUWKDQ ZKDWWKH\QHHGWRJLYHXSFRXQFLOVFDQ VXSSRUWEHKDYLRXUFKDQJH&DHUSKLOO\&RXQW\ %RURXJK&RXQFLOIRUH[DPSOHKDVOLQNHGLWV VXVWDLQDELOLW\DJHQGDWRZHOOEHLQJWKURXJK LWVµ/LYLQJ%HWWHU8VLQJ/HVV¶VWUDWHJ\ 7KLVLVKHOSLQJWRHQJDJHUHVLGHQWVLQSUR environmental behaviours through the things that really matter to them – the way they H[SHULHQFHWKHLUOLYHV52 +RXVHRI&RPPRQV6HOHFW&RPPLWWHHLQ ³+HDOWKUHODWHGEHKDYLRXULVDOODERXW UHVROXWLRQVWRJLYHXSWKLQJV\RXGRQRWZDQW WRJLYHXSDQGGRWKHWKLQJV\RXGRQ¶WZDQW WRGR<RXFDQQRWGRWKDW\RXFDQQRWPDNH WKHUHVROXWLRQVDQGVWLFNWRWKHPXQOHVV\RX DUHIHHOLQJRQWRSRIOLIH´ 6XPPLQJXSWKHVRFLDODQG economic case for wellbeing $SURDFWLYHDSSURDFKWKDWZRUNVDWWKH whole-population level to create the FRQGLWLRQVWKDWHQDEOHSHRSOHWRÀRXULVKZLOO help local authorities to achieve some of WKHLUPRVWFKDOOHQJLQJJRDOV$V'U0DUFLD %URSK\RI7KH<RXQJ)RXQGDWLRQH[SODLQVLQ KHURQOLQHFRQWULEXWLRQWKLVW\SHRIDSSURDFK KHOSVSUHYHQWWKHNLQGRIULVNIDFWRUVWKDW OHDGWRSRRUZHOOEHLQJDQGSURPRWHVWKH PDWHULDODQGSV\FKRVRFLDOFRQGLWLRQVWKDW OHDGWRDSRVLWLYHH[SHULHQFHRIOLIH,WFDQ VWUHQJWKHQFRPPXQLW\QHWZRUNVEXLOG UHVLOLHQFHDQGLQÀXHQFHSRVLWLYHEHKDYLRXU FKDQJH7KLVLVOLNHO\WRSUHYHQWSUREOHPV VXFKDVFULPHLPSURYHHGXFDWLRQDODQG HFRQRPLFRXWFRPHVDQGXOWLPDWHO\UHGXFH UHOLDQFHDQGVSHQGLQJRQIURQWOLQHVHUYLFHV A focus on increasing people’s psychological DQGVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJFDQEHSDUWLFXODUO\ helpful in encouraging positive healthUHODWHGEHKDYLRXUV$V3URIHVVRU5LFKDUG :LONLQVRQVDLGZKHQJLYLQJHYLGHQFHWRWKH 52 20 $EGDOODK67KRPSVRQ60LFKDHOVRQ-0DUNV1DQG6WHXHU 17KH+DSS\3ODQHW,QGH[:K\JRRGOLYHVGRQ¶W KDYHWRFRVWWKH(DUWK/RQGRQQHI 53 &DPSEHOO)HGIRU/*,PSURYHPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQW 7KH6RFLDO'HWHUPLQDQWVRI+HDOWKDQGWKH5ROHRI/RFDO *RYHUQPHQW/RQGRQ/*,PSURYHPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQW The role of local government in promoting wellbeing Part 2: Making it happen 7KHIROORZLQJVHFWLRQVRIWKLVUHSRUWDGGUHVV WKHTXHVWLRQRIKRZORFDOJRYHUQPHQWFDQ begin to act on wellbeing at the population OHYHODQGPDNHWKHYLVLRQRIµZHOOEHLQJIRUDOO¶ DUHDOLW\ 7KHVHVHFWLRQVXQGHUWKHFROOHFWLYHEDQQHU µ0DNLQJLWKDSSHQ¶ORRNDWWKHUROHWKDW local government can play in supporting the ÀRXULVKLQJRILQGLYLGXDOVDQGFRPPXQLWLHVLQ ¿YHNH\DUHDV VWUDWHJLFOHDGHUVKLS VHUYLFHVDQGFRPPLVVLRQLQJ strengthening communities These sections highlight a number of PHFKDQLVPV±H[LVWLQJDQGQHZ±ZKLFK VXSSRUWORFDOJRYHUQPHQWWRDFWRQZHOOEHLQJ 7KHVHLQFOXGH 7KH/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW$FWZKLFK empowers local authorities to promote WKHHFRQRPLFVRFLDODQGHQYLURQPHQWDO ZHOOEHLQJRIDQDUHDDQGWKHQHZSRZHURI JHQHUDOFRPSHWHQFH /HJLVODWLYHFKDQJHVVHWRXWLQWKH/RFDO *RYHUQPHQWDQG3XEOLF,QYROYHPHQW$FW DQGWKH'XW\WR,QYROYHZKLFK HQDEOHORFDODXWKRULWLHVWRGHYROYHSRZHU WRORFDOFRPPXQLWLHV 7KHSURSRVHGQHZUHVSRQVLELOLWLHVIRUORFDO JRYHUQPHQWLQSXEOLFKHDOWKDVVHWRXWLQ WKH+HDOWK:KLWH3DSHU organisational level activity PHDVXULQJZHOOEHLQJRXWFRPHV (DFKVHFWLRQGUDZVRQWKHH[SHULHQFHVRI ORFDODXWKRULWLHV7KHH[DPSOHVDQGFDVH VWXGLHVDUHOLNHO\WREHRISDUWLFXODULQWHUHVW WRORFDODXWKRULWLHVORRNLQJWRUHVSRQGWRWKH YLVLRQVHWRXWE\WKH%LJ6RFLHW\LQDZD\ WKDWVXSSRUWVVXVWDLQDEOHDQGHTXLWDEOH ZHOOEHLQJ /RFDODUHDSDUWQHUVKLSZRUNLQJZKLFKFDQ KHOSHQVXUHWKDWDZHOOEHLQJOHQVLVDSSOLHG ERWKWRDFRXQFLO¶VSROLFLHVDQGVHUYLFHV DQGWRWKHZRUNRILWVSDUWQHURUJDQLVDWLRQV DQGDJHQFLHV 7KH7RWDO3ODFHSLORWVZKLFKHQFRXUDJHG innovation by re-imagining service SURYLVLRQDFURVVDJHRJUDSKLFDODUHD7KLV W\SHRIµZKROHDUHD¶EXGJHWLQJDSSURDFK SURYLGHVRSSRUWXQLWLHVWRWKLQNKRZD wellbeing approach might be built into QHZZD\VRIFRQFHLYLQJGHVLJQLQJDQG GHOLYHULQJVHUYLFHV The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 21 -RLQWVWUDWHJLFQHHGVDVVHVVPHQWV -61$VZKLFKIRFXVRQHDUO\LQWHUYHQWLRQ DQGSUHYHQWLRQDQGWKHFXUUHQW GHYHORSPHQWRIMRLQWVWUDWHJLFDVVHW DVVHVVPHQWV-6$$VZKLFKDUHLQWHQGHG WRIRFXVDWWHQWLRQDQGHQHUJ\RQWKHUHDO QHHGVDQGDVVHWVRIDQDUHDUDWKHUWKDQ MXVWRQWKHGHOLYHU\RIWUDGLWLRQDOVHUYLFHV $VWKLVVHFWLRQZLOOLOOXVWUDWHWKHIRXQGDWLRQV for local government action on wellbeing KDYHEHHQODLG3HUPLVVLRQKDVEHHQ JUDQWHG0DQ\RIWKHVROXWLRQVDUHWKHUH WREHIRXQGLQOHJLVODWLYHDQGSROLF\ IUDPHZRUNV7KHLUXVHLVVHWWREHUHLQIRUFHG E\WKHJRYHUQPHQW¶VYLVLRQIRUD%LJ6RFLHW\ $QGVRPHFRXQFLOVDUHDOUHDG\EHJLQQLQJWR LQQRYDWH)RURWKHUVLWLVWLPHWRDFW 22 The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 2.1. Strategic leadership $VGLUHFWLRQIURPWKHFHQWUHGLPLQLVKHV VWURQJVWUDWHJLFOHDGHUVKLSDWORFDOOHYHO will become ever more important to ensure WKDWORFDOJRYHUQPHQW¶VDGGLWLRQDOVFRSH IRULQQRYDWLRQLVXVHGDVIDUDVSRVVLEOHWR LPSURYHZHOOEHLQJ7KLVVHFWLRQVHWVRXW ZK\OHDGHUVKLSDQGVWUDWHJLFRYHUVLJKWDUH HVVHQWLDOIRUPDNLQJDFWLRQRQZHOOEHLQJSDUW RIWKHGD\WRGD\EXVLQHVVRIDFRXQFLO,W H[SORUHVWKHOHYHUVWKDWOHDGHUVDQGVHQLRU PDQDJHUVKDYHDYDLODEOHWRWKHPDQGWKH DFWLRQVWKH\FDQWDNHWR position wellbeing as an overarching IUDPHZRUN DOORFDWHUHVRXUFHVGLIIHUHQWO\ PDNHLQQRYDWLYHXVHRIORFDODXWKRULW\ SRZHUVDQGVWUXFWXUHV (IIHFWLYHOHDGHUVKLS /HDGHUVHOHFWHGPHPEHUVFKLHIH[HFXWLYHV DQGGLUHFWRUVDOOKDYHDFULWLFDOUROHWRSOD\ LQPDNLQJJUHDWHUZHOOEHLQJIRUDOOUHVLGHQWV DQGFRPPXQLWLHVDQDVSLUDWLRQWKDWWKH FRXQFLOFDQGHOLYHURQ 7RGDWHLWLVSUREDEO\IDLUWRVD\WKDWPXFKRIWKH LQQRYDWLYHDQGH[FLWLQJDFWLYLW\DURXQGZHOOEHLQJ LQORFDOJRYHUQPHQWKDVUHOLHGRQWKHLQLWLDWLYH DQGHQWKXVLDVPRILQGLYLGXDORI¿FHUVPDQDJHUV DQGIURQWOLQHVWDIIZKRVHHWKHEHQH¿WRI PDNLQJZHOOEHLQJDFHQWUDOJRDORIWKHFRXQFLO¶V DFWLYLWLHV2WKHUZRUNKDVEHHQGULYHQE\ H[WHUQDOSDUWQHUVZRUNLQJZLWKORFDOJRYHUQPHQW VXFKDVSULPDU\FDUHWUXVWV3&7V (QJDJHPHQWZLWKSHRSOHDWWKHWRSRIWKH RUJDQLVDWLRQRQWKHVHLVVXHVFDQEHGLI¿FXOW especially when it comes to practical support DQGHQFRXUDJHPHQWIRUDFWLRQ54 The relative ODFNRIVHQLRUVXSSRUWDQGLQYROYHPHQW PDNHVWKHLQLWLDWLYHVVRIDUDOOWKHPRUH LPSUHVVLYH%XWWKHH[SHULHQFHVRIµHDUO\ DGRSWHUV¶KLJKOLJKWVZKDWDGLIIHUHQFHVHQLRU OHYHOEX\LQFRXOGPDNH:KHUHWKHUHKDV EHHQFOHDUOHDGHUVKLSRQWKHLVVXHLWKDV been possible to give wellbeing a central role LQFRXQFLOVWUDWHJ\6LU5LFKDUG/HHVH/HDGHU RI0DQFKHVWHU&LW\&RXQFLOH[SODLQVLQDQ RQOLQHFRQWULEXWLRQEDVHGRQKLVH[SHULHQFH “While there is certainly still room to increase KDSSLQHVVE\LQFUHDVLQJZHDOWKZHNQRZ WKDWZHDOWKRQLWVRZQLVLQVXI¿FLHQW,IWKHFLW\ DQGLWVQHLJKERXUKRRGVDUHODFNLQJDVHQVH RIZHOOEHLQJUHVLGHQWVZLOOPRYHDZD\DQG WDNHWKHLUZHDOWKZLWKWKHP,Q0DQFKHVWHU ZHKDYHDYHU\FOHDUGH¿QLWLRQRIZKDWZH PHDQE\ZHOOEHLQJLQFUHDVLQJDVSLUDWLRQ LPSURYLQJRSWLPLVPDQGIRVWHULQJUHVLOLHQFH Wellbeing through this lens shows that there are tangible outcomes for local government LQDGGUHVVLQJZHOOEHLQJDQGKDSSLQHVV´ /RFDODXWKRULWLHVDUHDUJXDEO\EHVWSODFHG WREHWKHXOWLPDWHFXVWRGLDQVRIFLWL]HQV¶ ZHOOEHLQJEHFDXVHRIWKHLUZLGHUDQJLQJ UHPLWDQGLQYROYHPHQWLQSHRSOH¶VOLYHV 7KHFKDOOHQJHIRUFRXQFLOOHDGHUVLVWRVHWD FRPSHOOLQJRYHUDUFKLQJYLVLRQIRUH[DPSOH as part of an overarching local strategy GRFXPHQWVXFKDVDVXVWDLQDEOHFRPPXQLW\ 54 /DPEHWK)LUVWRSFLW The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 23 VWUDWHJ\RUVLPLODU7KLVQHHGVWREHEURDG HQRXJKWREHUHOHYDQWWRDOOGHSDUWPHQWVDQG SDUWQHUVDQGVSHFL¿FHQRXJKLQLWVREMHFWLYHV WREHLQWHJUDWHGLQWRWKHZRUNRI/63V VWUDWHJLHVDQGREMHFWLYHV ,Q/LYHUSRROWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIZHOOEHLQJKDV EHHQHOHYDWHGE\PDNLQJWKH<HDURI +HDOWKDQG:HOOEHLQJ$VZHOODVKDYLQJ EX\LQDWVHQLRUOHYHOLQWKHFLW\FRXQFLOWKLV LQLWLDWLYHLVEHLQJVXSSRUWHGE\DZLGHUDQJH RISXEOLFSULYDWHDQGYROXQWDU\VHFWRUDQG FRPPXQLW\RUJDQLVDWLRQVVHHFDVHVWXG\ Case study 3: 7KH<HDURI+HDOWKDQG:HOOEHLQJLQ/LYHUSRRO )ROORZLQJRQIURPWKHVXFFHVVRI/LYHUSRRO¶V\HDUDV(XURSHDQ&DSLWDORI&XOWXUHLQ DQGUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVIURP/LYHUSRRO¶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¿HG6RPHDFWLYLWLHVWKDWDUHSODQQHGRUXQGHUZD\LQFOXGH WKHFRXQWU\¶V¿UVWDFFUHGLWHGZRUNSODFHZHOOEHLQJFKDUWHUZKLFKKDVEHHQZDUPO\ ZHOFRPHGE\SXEOLFSULYDWHDQGWKLUGVHFWRUHPSOR\HUV WKHXVHRIVLQJLQJWRUHGXFHWKHSUHYDOHQFHRIDVWKPDDWWDFNVDPRQJFKLOGUHQWR UHGXFHOHYHOVRIEORRGSUHVVXUHLQDGXOWVDQGWRLPSURYHUHFRYHU\WLPHDPRQJVWURNH patients LQFRUSRUDWLQJKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDGYLFHDQGUHIHUUDOVLQWRWKH+HDOWK\ +RPHV3URJUDPPHDLPHGDWLPSURYLQJOLYLQJFRQGLWLRQVIRUYXOQHUDEOHUHVLGHQWV WKHGHYHORSPHQWE\0HUVH\VLGH7UDQVSRUW3DUWQHUVKLSRIDQHZORFDOWUDQVSRUWSODQZLWK DIRFXVRQZDONLQJDQGF\FOLQJWRLQFUHDVHSK\VLFDODFWLYLW\FXWFDUERQHPLVVLRQVDQG LQFUHDVHDFFHVVWRHPSOR\PHQWHGXFDWLRQDQGVHUYLFHV 7KH<HDURI+HDOWKDQG:HOOEHLQJKDVDOUHDG\OHGWRDUHDOWUDQVIRUPDWLRQLQWKHZD\ SDUWQHUVIURPDOOVHFWRUVDUHSULRULWLVLQJKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJDVNH\VWUDWHJLFJRDOV 7KHXVHRIWKHµ)LYH:D\VWR:HOOEHLQJ¶VHH$SSHQGL[LVEHLQJDGRSWHGZLGHO\DVD IUDPHZRUNIRULPSURYLQJZHOOEHLQJE\QXPHURXVRUJDQLVDWLRQVLQFOXGLQJ0HUVH\)LUH DQG0HUVH\VLGH'DQFH7KH\HDUKDVDOVRLQVSLUHGPDQ\ORFDOFRPPXQLW\HYHQWVDQG DFWLYLWLHVGUDZQWRJHWKHURQDZHEVLWHZZZKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJRUJXN )RUIXUWKHULQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFW5REHUW&RUEHWW&LW\7UHDVXUHU/LYHUSRRO&LW\&RXQFLORU &DWKHULQH5H\QROGV6WUDWHJLF/HDG3XEOLF0HQWDO+HDOWK/LYHUSRRO3&7 24 The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 7KHUROHRIHOHFWHGPHPEHUV It is no secret that many councillors are overZRUNHGDQGVSHQGPXFKRIWKHLUWLPHGHDOLQJ ZLWKLVVXHVUDLVHGE\LQGLYLGXDOUHVLGHQWV$ focus on wellbeing presents an opportunity to FKDQJHWKHLUUROHWREHOHVVDERXWµSLFNLQJXS WKHSLHFHV¶DQGPRUHDERXWZRUNLQJWRZDUGVD SRVLWLYHIXWXUH2XUFRQVXOWDWLRQVZLWKHOHFWHG members suggest they see themselves as KDYLQJDUROHLQFRXQFLOV¶DFWLYLW\DURXQG ZHOOEHLQJ7KH\KDYHQRWHGWKDWWKH\FDQDGG YDOXHLQDQXPEHURILPSRUWDQWZD\VVXFKDV /REE\LQJIRUVWUXFWXUDOFKDQJHVZLWKLQ WKHFRXQFLOWRUHÀHFWSHRSOH¶VH[SHULHQFH RIORFDOOLIHDVRSSRVHGWRWKHLQWHUQDO SURFHVVHVDQGIXQFWLRQVRIORFDO JRYHUQPHQW'XULQJKLVWLPHDVDQHOHFWHG PHPEHUDW&DPGHQ&RXQFLO$OH[LV5RZHOO OREELHGIRURYHUWZR\HDUVIRUDQDVVLVWDQW GLUHFWRUIRUVXVWDLQDELOLW\WRLQFUHDVH WKHLQÀXHQFHRIVXVWDLQDELOLW\LVVXHVLQ GHFLVLRQPDNLQJSURFHVVHV+LVORQJHU WHUPDLPZDVIRUDGHSDUWPHQWIRUHFRORJ\ PLQLPLVDWLRQRIQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHXVH UHVLOLHQFHDQGZHOOEHLQJ58 5DLVLQJLVVXHVZLWKH[WHUQDOERGLHVDQG %HLQJSUHSDUHGWRSXVKDWWKHH[HFXWLYH SDUWQHUV±VXFKDVWKH/*$FHQWUDO OHYHOIRUDIRFXVRQWKHQHHGVRISHRSOHZLWK JRYHUQPHQWWKHSROLFHDQGVWUDWHJLFKHDOWK SRRUZHOOEHLQJRUPHQWDOKHDOWKSDUWLFXODUO\ DXWKRULWLHV±WRZLQSUDFWLFDODQGSXEOLF WRKLJKOLJKWWKHIXQGDPHQWDOUROHORFDO support for local government’s role in JRYHUQPHQWSOD\VLQLQÀXHQFLQJWKHTXDOLW\ SURPRWLQJSRSXODWLRQZHOOEHLQJ RIORFDOMREVLQHTXDOLWLHVFURVVFXWWLQJ KHDOWKLVVXHVDQGORFDOVXSSRUWQHWZRUNV55 /LQNLQJWRQHWZRUNVVXFKDV/RFDO ,PSURYHPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQWVKHDOWK\ &RQVLGHULQJVHWWLQJXSDFURVVSDUW\WDVN FRPPXQLWLHVSHHUQHWZRUNWROHDUQDERXW IRUFHRQZHOOEHLQJLVVXHV567KLVFRXOG LQYROYHZULWLQJUHSRUWVWRWKHFRXQFLOOHDGHU existing initiatives in other parts of the FRXQWU\DQGJRRGQDWLRQDOLQLWLDWLYHVWKDWFDQ DQGFDELQHWPHPEHUVRQNH\ZHOOEHLQJ EHSURPRWHGORFDOO\61 LVVXHVDIIHFWLQJWKHORFDODUHDZLWK SUDFWLFDOVXJJHVWLRQVIRUDFWLRQ ,QLWLDWLQJFURVVSDUW\FDPSDLJQVRQVSHFL¿F ZHOOEHLQJLVVXHVLQYROYLQJUHVLGHQWVDQG WKHORFDOSUHVVLQEXLOGLQJXSPRPHQWXP IRUFKDQJH577KHVHDUHDOVROLNHO\WR LQYROYHWKHRUJDQLVDWLRQVZLWKNH\UROHV WRSOD\LQWKH%LJ6RFLHW\DJHQGDFRRSV PXWXDOVFKDULWLHVDQGVRFLDOHQWHUSULVHV 7KHQHHGIRUVWUDWHJLF oversight :HNQRZWKDWWKHIDFWRUVGHWHUPLQLQJZHOOEHLQJ DUHZLGHUDQJLQJ7KH\IDOOXQGHUWKHUHPLWRI HYHU\GHSDUWPHQWLQWKHFRXQFLO7KLVPHDQV WKDWWKHSROLFLHVDQGDFWLYLWLHVRIDOOGLUHFWRUDWHV DQGGHSDUWPHQWVDUHOLNHO\WRKDYHDQLPSDFW RQSRSXODWLRQZHOOEHLQJIRUEHWWHURUZRUVH 58 55 56 57 7KDQNVIRUWKLVVXJJHVWLRQJRHVWR&RXQFLOORU*UDKDP *LEEHQV&DELQHW0HPEHUIRU$GXOW6RFLDO6HUYLFHVDW.HQW &RXQW\&RXQFLO 5RZHOO$&RPPXQLWLHV&RXQFLOVDQGD/RZ&DUERQ )XWXUH:KDWZHFDQGRLIJRYHUQPHQWVZRQ¶W/RQGRQ*UHHQ %RRNV LELG 61 LELG 7KDQNVIRUWKLVVXJJHVWLRQJRHVWR&RXQFLOORU*UDKDP*LEEHQV &DELQHW0HPEHUIRU$GXOW6RFLDO6HUYLFHVDW.HQW&RXQW\ &RXQFLO 7KDQNVIRUWKLVVXJJHVWLRQJRWR&RXQFLOORU*UDKDP*LEEHQV &DELQHW0HPEHUIRU$GXOW6RFLDO6HUYLFHVDW.HQW&RXQW\ &RXQFLO )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQVHHWKH/*,PSURYHPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQW +HDOWK\&RPPXQLWLHV3URJUDPPHKWWSZZZLGHDJRYXNLGN FRUHSDJHGR"SDJH,G 70D\ The role of local government in promoting wellbeing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mechanism WKDWHQVXUHGWKHDOLJQPHQWRIDOOFRXQFLO SROLFLHVWRZDUGVZHOOEHLQJJRDOVZRXOG DYRLGFRQÀLFWVVXFKDVWKLV$V/LYHUSRRO¶V -RLQW6WUDWHJLF)UDPHZRUNIRU3XEOLF0HQWDO +HDOWKVWDWHV /DPEHWK¶VVWUDWHJ\WDFNOHGWKHZLGH LQFRQVLVWHQFLHVLQWKHHIIRUWVRIGLIIHUHQWSDUWV RIWKHFRXQFLOWRLPSURYHZHOOEHLQJ$VZLWK WKHLQLWLDWLYHLQ/LYHUSRRORQHRIWKHELJJHVW challenges was to establish a sense of FRPPRQSXUSRVHDPRQJDOOWKHVWDNHKROGHUV LQYROYHG64/DPEHWKKDVIRXQGWKDWHYHQZLWK WKHVWUDWHJLHVLQSODFHLWLVFUXFLDOWR¿QG senior-level sponsors who will ensure that wellbeing objectives form part of mainstream VHUYLFHSODQQLQJFRPPLVVLRQLQJDQGGHOLYHU\ WKURXJKRXWDOOGHSDUWPHQWV65 “Managing the implementation of JRYHUQPHQWSROLF\DFURVVZHOOEHLQJKHDOWK DQGVRFLDOFDUHFRPPXQLW\UHJHQHUDWLRQ DQGVRFLDOLQFOXVLRQDWDORFDOOHYHOUHTXLUHV an overarching strategic approach so that FKDQJHEHFRPHVSXUSRVHIXOPDQDJHDEOH DQGFRKHUHQW´63 ,Q/DPEHWK/63RIIHUHGWKH¿UVW example of an overarching strategic DSSURDFKVHHFDVHVWXG\7RGDWHLW represents the most comprehensive example RIORFDOSDUWQHUVZRUNLQJWRJHWKHUWRDOLJQ SURJUDPPHVRIZRUNDQGORFDOO\GH¿QHG JRDOVDVKDGEHHQVHWRXWLQWKHLUORFDO DUHDDJUHHPHQW>/$$@WDUJHWVWRZHOOEHLQJ REMHFWLYHVDVLGHQWL¿HGE\WKHORFDO FRPPXQLW\ 62 63 26 0LQWRQ$*URXQG&RQWURO)HDUDQGKDSSLQHVVLQWKH VWFHQWXU\FLW\/RQGRQ3HQJXLQ /LYHUSRRO)LUVW/LYHUSRRO&LW\&RXQFLO/LYHUSRRO3&7 0HQWDO+HDOWKLV(YHU\RQH¶V%XVLQHVVWKH-RLQW6WUDWHJLF )UDPHZRUNIRU3XEOLF0HQWDO+HDOWK 64 65 LELG /DPEHWK)LUVWRSFLW The role of local government in promoting wellbeing Case study 4: $VWUDWHJLFIRFXVRQZHOOEHLQJLQ/DPEHWK ,Q/DPEHWK/63ODXQFKHGLWVSLRQHHULQJ0HQWDO+HDOWKDQG:HOOEHLQJ3URPRWLRQ 3URJUDPPH66DQGWKLVZDVXSGDWHGLQWRIRUPWKH:HOOEHLQJDQG+DSSLQHVV LQ/DPEHWK3URJUDPPH67,PSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKHFRXQFLO¶VVWUDWHJ\LVOHGE\WKH /63ZLWKDFWLRQVPDSSHGDJDLQVWHDFKRIWKHIRXU/63WKHPHJURXSVKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJ HFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQWFKLOGUHQDQG\RXQJSHRSOHVDIHU/DPEHWKDQGDJDLQVW/$$WDUJHWV &ULWLFDOWRWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI/DPEHWK¶VODWHVWSURJUDPPHZDVWKHXVHRIDSDUWLFLSDWRU\ SURFHVVWRDUULYHDWDVHWRISULQFLSOHVDQGDUHDVIRUDFWLRQ7KHVHDUHEDVHGRQWKH DVSLUDWLRQVDQGYLHZVRISHRSOHOLYLQJDQGZRUNLQJLQ/DPEHWKFDSWXUHGE\DVHULHVRI HYHQWVLQGHSWKLQWHUYLHZVFDVHVWXGLHVDQGFRQVXOWDWLRQUHVSRQVHV 7KHUHDUHDQXPEHURILQLWLDWLYHVZRUNLQJWRIXUWKHUWKHDLPVRI/DPEHWK¶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aims WRSRVLWLRQHTXDOLW\REMHFWLYHVZLWKLQFRUH FRXQFLOEXVLQHVV$ZHOOEHLQJIUDPHZRUN ZRXOGRSHUDWHLQDVLPLODUZD\HQVXULQJ WKDWZHOOEHLQJLVVXHVDUHFRQVLGHUHGDWWKH SRLQWRIGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ:RUNWRGH¿QH DJRRGVWUDWHJ\RUSURMHFWSURSRVDOZLOOEH FRQFHUQHGDVPXFKZLWKLPSURYHPHQWVLQ 68 KWWSZZZLGHDJRYXNLGNFRUHSDJHGR"SDJH,G 7 0D\ The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 27 ZHOOEHLQJDVZLWKWKH¿QDQFLDOLPSOLFDWLRQV 7KLVLVDQHZZD\RIORRNLQJDWYDOXHIRU PRQH\ZKLFKPDNHVPRUHH[SOLFLWWKHOLQNV EHWZHHQFRXQFLODFWLYLWLHVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFH RIORFDOSRSXODWLRQV 'HYHORSLQJDQGLPSOHPHQWLQJWKLVVRUWRI IUDPHZRUNLVOLNHO\WRUHTXLUHDQXPEHURI DFWLRQV7KHVHLQFOXGH 7KHGHYHORSPHQWRIDVKDUHGORFDO XQGHUVWDQGLQJRIZHOOEHLQJ7KLVZLOOKHOS ensure that all areas of local government DQGLWVH[WHUQDOSDUWQHUVDUHDEOHWRZRUN WRZDUGVWKHVDPHREMHFWLYH,QYROYLQJORFDO SHRSOHDQGVHUYLFHGHOLYHU\SDUWQHUVLQ WKHLQLWLDOGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHIUDPHZRUN ZLOOHVWDEOLVKDGLUHFWOLQNIURPWKHRXWVHW EHWZHHQZKDWPDWWHUVWRUHVLGHQWVDQG FRPPXQLWLHVDQGZKDWKDSSHQVDWWKH VWUDWHJLFOHYHO /HDGHUVKLSIURPWKHOHDGHUDQGFKLHI H[HFXWLYHWRHQFRXUDJHDOOGLUHFWRUDWHV VHUYLFHVDQGVHQLRURI¿FHUVDQGPHPEHUV WRWKLQNRIWKHEXVLQHVVRIWKHFRXQFLOLQ ZHOOEHLQJWHUPV/RFDODUHDSDUWQHUVKLSV DOVRQHHGWRSURYLGHOHDGHUVKLSE\ FRPPXQLFDWLQJZHOOEHLQJREMHFWLYHV ,GHQWLI\LQJDVHQLRUOHDGSHUVRQUHVSRQVLEOH IRULPSOHPHQWDWLRQ±VRPHRQHZKRZLHOGV VLJQL¿FDQWLQÀXHQFHRYHUWKHFRXQFLO¶VGD\ WRGD\EXVLQHVV7KH\ZLOOQHHGWRHQVXUH WKDWLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQWVDQGHYDOXDWLRQV WDNHSODFH'UDZLQJRQWKHOHVVRQV OHDUQHGIURPLWVVWUDWHJ\/DPEHWK VSHFL¿HGWKDWLWVQHZSURJUDPPHVKRXOG KDYHYLVLEOHOHDGHUVKLSEH\RQGKHDOWKDQG SDUWLFXODUO\EH\RQGPHQWDOKHDOWK /RRNLQJDWFRXQFLODFWLYLW\DOUHDG\ XQGHUZD\WKURXJKDZHOOEHLQJOHQV %\KLJKOLJKWLQJDFWLYLW\WKDWLVPDNLQJ DFRQWULEXWLRQWRSRSXODWLRQZHOOEHLQJ FRXQFLOVFDQUDLVHWKHSUR¿OHRIZHOOEHLQJ DQGKHOSHQVXUHWKDWLWVLPSRUWDQFHLV 28 XQGHUVWRRGDWDOOOHYHOV&DUU\LQJRXWDQ DXGLWFDQDOVRSURWHFWSROLFLHVDQGZRUN SURJUDPPHVWKDWFRQWULEXWHWRZHOOEHLQJ KLJKOLJKWWKRVHGHWUDFWLQJIURPLWDQG LGHQWLI\JDSV,Q1RUWKDPSWRQVKLUHIRU H[DPSOHDQDXGLWKDVEHHQFRQGXFWHG with a view to informing the strategic DSSURDFKWRZHOOEHLQJ (QVXULQJWKDWDFRXQFLO¶VNH\ORFDOVWUDWHJ\ GRFXPHQWWKHVXVWDLQDEOHFRPPXQLW\ VWUDWHJ\RUVLPLODUUHÀHFWVLWVRYHUDUFKLQJ ZHOOEHLQJIUDPHZRUNDVDNH\PHFKDQLVP IRUJXLGLQJORFDODFWLRQ Allocating resources GLIIHUHQWO\ A strategic approach to resource allocation is an important lever for helping councils to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about a shift in wellbeing at a population OHYHO&RXQFLOOHDGHUVDQGFKLHIH[HFXWLYHV together with local strategic partners such as SROLFHIRUFHV¿UHDQGUHVFXHDXWKRULWLHVDQG SULPDU\FDUHWUXVWV±LGHDOO\QHHGWRZRUN FROODERUDWLYHO\7KHLUDLPVKRXOGEHWR /DPEHWK)LUVWRSFLW The role of local government in promoting wellbeing ,GHQWLI\KRZYDULRXVLQYHVWPHQWVWUHDPV VXFKDVORFDOWD[HVJUDQWVDQGFHQWUDO JRYHUQPHQWIXQGLQJFDQEHEURXJKW together in a strategic way to contribute to WKHZHOOEHLQJRIWKHORFDOSRSXODWLRQ 'HPRQVWUDWHDQDELOLW\WRPDQDJHDQG use resources effectively to achieve value IRUPRQH\DQGEHWWHUPRUHVXVWDLQDEOH RXWFRPHVIRUORFDOSHRSOH6RPHNH\ FRQVLGHUDWLRQVDUHKLJKOLJKWHGLQWKHER[ RQµ6SHQGLQJRQZHOOEHLQJLQWKHFXUUHQW HFRQRPLFFOLPDWH¶LQVHFWLRQ (YHQGXULQJWKHUHFHQWUHFHVVLRQWKHUH KDYHEHHQVRPHJRRGH[DPSOHVRIORFDO DXWKRULWLHVDQGWKHLUSDUWQHUVWKLQNLQJ innovatively about how best to use their UHVRXUFHVIRULPSURYHGZHOOEHLQJ)RU H[DPSOH /DQFDVWHU&RXQW\&RXQFLOKDVGLYHUWHG UHVRXUFHVWRVHUYLFHVGHVLJQHGWRVXSSRUW SV\FKRORJLFDODQGVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJE\ VHWWLQJXSDVRFLDOSUHVFULELQJSURMHFW ZKLFKXVHVQRQPHGLFDOLQWHUYHQWLRQVWR LPSURYHZHOOEHLQJ,WVHHVLWVGHFLVLRQ WRWHDPXSZLWKWKH3&7WRMRLQWO\IXQG a social prescribing service as a way to DGGUHVVVRPHRIWKHXQGHUO\LQJSUREOHPV WKDWORFDOSHRSOHIDFH ,Q+HUWIRUGVKLUHWKHFRXQW\¶VVFKRROVIRUXP GHFLGHGWRVHWDVLGH RIGLUHFW schools grant for a year to support the rollout of its resilience programme following DVXFFHVVIXOSLORW5HVLOLHQFHWUDLQLQJKDV DOVREHHQLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWRRWKHUVWUDQGV RIZRUNLQFOXGLQJµ7KLQN)DPLO\¶DQG SDUHQWLQJSURJUDPPHV7KHSURJUDPPH VKRXOGEHFRPH¿QDQFLDOO\VHOIVXVWDLQLQJ ZLWKLQD\HDUDVWUDLQLQJSODFHVZLOOEHVROG WRRWKHUORFDODXWKRULWLHV71 71 ,QFRQYHUVDWLRQZLWK+LODU\$EHUQDWK\6HQLRU3XEOLF+HDOWK ,PSURYHPHQW6SHFLDOLVWDW1RUWK/DQFDVKLUH3ULPDU\&DUH 7UXVWDVSDUWRIWKLVUHVHDUFK ,QFRQYHUVDWLRQZLWK/LQGVD\(GZDUGV+HDGRI<RXQJ 3HRSOH¶V6XEVWDQFH0LVXVH&ULPH5HGXFWLRQDQG(PRWLRQDO :HOOEHLQJ6HUYLFHV+HUWIRUGVKLUH&RXQW\&RXQFLO $VKLIWLQLQYHVWPHQWZLOODOVRQHHGWREH DFFRPSDQLHGE\DPRUHFUHDWLYHDVVHVVPHQW of the resources councils have available WRWKHP7KHVHUHVRXUFHVFDQRIWHQEH IRXQGLQWKHYHU\FRPPXQLWLHVWKDWFRXQFLOV DUHORRNLQJWRVHUYHVHHVHFWLRQ± µ6WUHQJWKHQLQJFRPPXQLWLHV¶7KLVDSSURDFK LVPRVWHIIHFWLYHZKHQHIIRUWVDUHPDGHDW WKHVWUDWHJLFOHYHOWR 'HFHQWUDOLVHIXQGLQJIURPWKHXSSHUWLHUV RIORFDOJRYHUQPHQWWRDOORZVSHQGLQJ GHFLVLRQVWREHWDNHQFORVHUWRWKH EHQH¿FLDULHVRIFRXQFLOVHUYLFHVZKLFKLV an approach very much in line with the Big 6RFLHW\DJHQGD %XLOGLQWKHNLQGRIÀH[LELOLW\LQIXQGLQJ SURYLVLRQWKDWZLOODOORZRI¿FHUVWRVWDUWZLWK ZKHUHSHRSOHDUHDQGUHVSRQGDFFRUGLQJO\ )RUH[DPSOHFRPPXQLW\OHGEXGJHWV FRXOGEHXVHGWRLQYLWHUHVLGHQWVWRVXEPLW proposals for any initiative that opens up possibilities for local people to promote ZHOOEHLQJ7KLVDSSURDFKZRXOGZRUNZHOO LQSDUDOOHOZLWK±EXWZRXOGQRWUHSODFH± WKHSURSRVHGLQYHVWPHQWWR¿QDQFHVRFLDO HQWHUSULVHVFKDULWLHVDQGYROXQWDU\JURXSV WKURXJKWKH%LJ6RFLHW\%DQN 0DNLQJLQQRYDWLYHXVHRI ORFDODXWKRULW\SRZHUVDQG IUDPHZRUNV *LYHQWKHFHQWUDOLVDWLRQRIUHFHQWGHFDGHV DQGWKHSOHWKRUDRIWDUJHWVDQGLQGLFDWRUV XVHGWRDVVHVVSHUIRUPDQFHORFDO JRYHUQPHQWRI¿FHUVKDYHRIWHQIHOWWKDW WKH\KDGOLWWOHURRPIRUPDQRHXYUH72 This KDVQRZEHHQUHFRJQLVHGLQWKH&RDOLWLRQ JRYHUQPHQW¶VVWDWHGLQWHQWLRQWRLQWURGXFH a power of general competence for local JRYHUQPHQW7KHDLPLVWRVXSSRUWFRXQFLOV WRWDNHGLVWLQFWLYHGHFLVLRQVWRSURYLGHIRUWKH QHHGVRIDSODFHUDWKHUWKDQDGPLQLVWHULQJ 72 5RZHOO$RSFLW The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 29 WKHGHFLVLRQVRIFHQWUDOJRYHUQPHQW7KLVLV QRWDFRPSOHWHO\QHZLGHD7KHGLVFUHWLRQDU\ :HOO%HLQJ3RZHULQWURGXFHGLQWKH/RFDO *RYHUQPHQW$FWHQDEOHGORFDO DXWKRULWLHVWR³GRDQ\WKLQJWKH\FRQVLGHU OLNHO\WRSURPRWHWKHHFRQRPLFVRFLDODQG HQYLURQPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJRIWKHLUDUHD´73 7KHVXEVHTXHQW/\RQVHQTXLU\GH¿QHGWKH concept of ‘place shaping’ as “the creative XVHRISRZHUVDQGLQÀXHQFHWRSURPRWHWKH JHQHUDOZHOOEHLQJRIDFRPPXQLW\DQGLWV FLWL]HQV´74 +RZHYHULQDUHYLHZFRQGXFWHGLQ LWZDVIRXQGWKDWZKLOHSHUFHQWRI /63VZHUHDZDUHRIWKHZHOOEHLQJSRZHU RQO\SHUFHQWKDGXVHGLW756HQLRUVWDII ZHUHDZDUHRIWKHSRZHUWKHUHZDVOLWWOH DZDUHQHVVDPRQJSUDFWLWLRQHUV,QVKRUWWKH ZHOOEHLQJSRZHUGLGQRWEHFRPHDJHQHUDO SRZHURI¿UVWUHVRUW UHGXFHGFRQ¿GHQFHLQWKHOHJDOSRZHU76 'HVSLWHWKHVHFKDOOHQJHVWKHUHDUHJRRG H[DPSOHVRIORFDODXWKRULWLHVLQYRNLQJWKH ZHOOEHLQJSRZHUWRVXSSRUWORFDOLQLWLDWLYHV ZKLFKSURYLGHLQWHUHVWLQJLQVLJKWVLQWRKRZ ORFDODXWKRULWLHVFDQPDNHXVHRIWKHSRZHU RIJHQHUDOFRPSHWHQFHJRLQJIRUZDUG,Q (VVH[IRUH[DPSOHWKHSRZHUZDVXVHGWR UHVSRQGTXLFNO\WRWKHLPSDFWRIWKHUHFHQW UHFHVVLRQRQORFDOSRSXODWLRQVDQGWKH DFWLRQVWDNHQKDYHEHHQSUDLVHGE\WKH$XGLW &RPPLVVLRQVHHFDVHVWXG\LQVHFWLRQ 7KHUROHIRUWKRVHLQOHDGHUVKLSSRVLWLRQVLV WRFRPPXQLFDWHWKHEHQH¿WVRIXVLQJORFDO JRYHUQPHQWSRZHUVWRHQKDQFHZHOOEHLQJ HQFRXUDJLQJFRQFHUWHGDFWLRQE\RI¿FHUV SUDFWLWLRQHUVDQGFRPPXQLW\JURXSVDQGFLYLO VRFLHW\RUJDQLVDWLRQV There were a number of problems that ZLOOQHHGWREHRYHUFRPHLIWKHSRZHURI general competence is going to effectively enable local government to act innovatively DQGEH\RQGLWVVWDWXWRU\UHPLW3DUWRIWKH challenge in using the wellbeing power ZDVLWVDPELJXRXVGH¿QLWLRQZKLFKDGGHG WRLWVOHJDOFRPSOH[LW\,WVWDWHGWKDWORFDO DXWKRULWLHVFDQGR³DQ\WKLQJ´XQOHVV ³H[SOLFLWO\SURKLELWHGHOVHZKHUHLQWKH OHJLVODWLRQ´7KHODFNRIDQDFFRPSDQ\LQJ GH¿QLWLRQRIHFRQRPLFVRFLDODQG environmental wellbeing has left many councils unsure of how best to use the ZHOOEHLQJSRZHU$QGZKHQWKH%UHQW/%& YHUVXV5LVN0DQDJHPHQW3DUWQHUVFRXUW FDVHGLGQRWIDYRXUWKHORFDODXWKRULW\LQ LWVXVHRIWKHZHOOEHLQJSRZHULQWKLV 73 74 75 30 2I¿FHRI3XEOLF6HFWRU,QIRUPDWLRQ/RFDO *RYHUQPHQW$FWKWWSZZZRSVLJRYXNDFWVDFWV XNSJDBBHQB1 0D\ /\RQV0([HFXWLYH6XPPDU\RIWKH/\RQV,QTXLU\LQWR /RFDO*RYHUQPHQW/RQGRQ7KH/\RQV,QTXLU\±VHHKWWS ZZZO\RQVLQTXLU\RUJXN0D\ 'HSDUWPHQWIRU&RPPXQLWLHVDQG/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW 3UDFWLFDO8VHRIWKH:HOOEHLQJ3RZHU/RQGRQ&/* 76 /RFDO*RYHUQPHQW$VVRFLDWLRQ'UDIW/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW 3RZHURI*HQHUDO&RPSHWHQFH%LOOKWWSVPHPEHUOJLX RUJXNEULH¿QJV'RFXPHQWV/*$3*&%LOO ¿QDOZLWKLQWURGXFWLRQSGf>$XJXVW@ The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 2.2 Services and commissioning 7KHVSHQGLQJFXWVDQGWKHHPSKDVLVRQ WKH%LJ6RFLHW\DJHQGDDUHOLNHO\WRVHHWKH FRPPLVVLRQLQJRIORFDOSURYLVLRQDQGWKH GHVLJQRIORFDOVHUYLFHVFKDQJH6HUYLFHV DUHOLNHO\WREHFRPHPRUHVFDUFHWKH FRQWULEXWLRQRILQGLYLGXDOVDQGFRPPXQLWLHV OLNHO\WREHFRPHODUJHU%XWWKHH[LVWLQJ LQIUDVWUXFWXUHXQGHUSLQQLQJWKHSXEOLFVHFWRU DQGWKHYROXQWDU\VHFWRUZLOOQRWUHVXOWLQD shift in focus without a council’s willingness WRUHDVVHVVLWVIXQGDPHQWDOUROH7KLVVHFWLRQ GLVFXVVHVDQXPEHURIZD\VLQZKLFKORFDO SURYLVLRQFDQEHFRPPLVVLRQHGGHVLJQHG DQGGHOLYHUHGWRSODFHZHOOEHLQJDWWKHKHDUW RIORFDOJRYHUQPHQW7KHVHLQFOXGH commissioning for wellbeing outcomes GHVLJQLQJVHUYLFHVZLWKZHOOEHLQJ RXWFRPHVLQPLQG XVLQJHVWDEOLVKHGZHOOEHLQJHYLGHQFHLQ VHUYLFHGHVLJQ supporting psycho-social wellbeing through FRSURGXFLQJVHUYLFHV GLUHFWO\SURPRWLQJSV\FKRVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJ Commissioning for wellbeing outcomes The commissioning process can act as DYDOXDEOHOHYHUWRVKLIWVHUYLFHVWRZDUGV SURGXFLQJZHOOEHLQJRXWFRPHV5HFHQW\HDUV KDYHVHHQDVKLIWWRZDUGVRXWFRPHVEDVHG FRPPLVVLRQLQJ%XWDIRFXVRQHI¿FLHQF\ ZLWKRXWHQRXJKDWWHQWLRQSDLGLQSDUDOOHOWR HIIHFWLYHQHVVLVVWLOOWKHQRUP±DQGYDOXH IRUPRQH\DVVHVVPHQWVWHQGWRIROORZWKLV SDWWHUQ7KLVPHDQVWKDWZHOOEHLQJRXWFRPHV DUHFRQVLVWHQWO\XQGHUYDOXHGLQWKH FRPPLVVLRQLQJSURFHVV,QDGGLWLRQFXUUHQW practice continues to limit the ability of local DXWKRULWLHVWRWDNHDSUHYHQWDWLYHDSSURDFK GHVSLWHWKHHYLGHQFHWKDWDOORFDWLQJ UHVRXUFHVµXSVWUHDP¶\LHOGVPXFKJUHDWHU UHWXUQVLQWKHORQJUXQ 7KH7RWDO3ODFHLQLWLDWLYHSLORWHGE\WKH SUHYLRXVJRYHUQPHQWDVNHGORFDO DXWKRULWLHVWRFRQVLGHUKRZDZKROHDUHD DSSURDFKPLJKWKHOSGHOLYHULPSURYHG VHUYLFHVDWPRGHVWFRVW77:KLOHHI¿FLHQF\ UHPDLQHGDNH\GULYHU7RWDO3ODFHDOVR SUHVHQWHGDUHDORSSRUWXQLW\WRWUDQVIRUP WKHQDWXUHRISXEOLFVHUYLFHSURYLVLRQ7KLV LVEHFDXVHWKHUHZDVLQFUHDVHGUHFRJQLWLRQ WKDWVLPSO\VOLFLQJEXGJHWV±HYHQLQWKH FRQWH[WRISXEOLFVHFWRUVSHQGLQJFXWV±ZLOO QRWGHOLYHUWKHHI¿FLHQFLHVRULPSURYHPHQWV QHHGHG:KDWLVUHTXLUHGLVLQQRYDWLRQ RYHUKDXOLQJFXUUHQWFRPPLVVLRQLQJDQG VHUYLFHGHOLYHU\PRGHOVVRWKDWWKH\DUH GHVLJQHGDQGEXLOWDURXQGSHRSOHDQGSODFH 6RPHDXWKRULWLHVDUHDOUHDG\EHJLQQLQJ WRWDNHDFWLRQWRVKLIWWKHLUFRPPLVVLRQLQJ SUDFWLFHWRZDUGVSURPRWLQJZHOOEHLQJ RXWFRPHVVHHFDVHVWXG\ 77 /RFDO*RYHUQPHQW/HDGHUVKLS7RWDO3ODFH ZZZ ORFDOOHDGHUVKLSJRYXNWRWDOSODFH0D\ The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 31 Case study 5: 6XVWDLQDEOH&RPPLVVLRQLQJIRU:HOOEHLQJLQ.LUNOHHV .LUNOHHV&RXQFLODQG1+6.LUNOHHVKDYHEHHQJHDULQJWKHLUFRPPLVVLRQLQJSUDFWLFHV WRZDUGVSURPRWLQJZHOOEHLQJDQGWRGHPRQVWUDWHWKHEHQH¿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µ&RSURGXFLQJIRU:HOOEHLQJ¶KDVEHHQSURGXFHGWRVXSSRUWWKLV ,QWURGXFHSUDFWLFDOFKDQJHVDWWKHVHUYLFHGHVLJQVWDJHWRHPEHGDSRSXODWLRQ ZHOOEHLQJDSSURDFKLQFRPPLVVLRQLQJ7RRXWOLQHKRZWKLVFRXOGEHDFKLHYHGQHI ZRUNHGZLWK1+6.LUNOHHVRQDQH[LVWLQJVHUYLFHVSHFL¿FDWLRQIRUDGXOWGUXJVHUYLFHV ,QDGGLWLRQWRLQFOXGLQJVHUYLFHVSHFL¿FRXWFRPHVWKHVSHFL¿FDWLRQZDVDPHQGHGWR LOOXVWUDWHKRZSURYLGHUVFRXOGEHHQFRXUDJHGWRFRQWULEXWHWRSUHYLRXVO\LGHQWL¿HGORFDO HFRQRPLFVRFLDODQGHQYLURQPHQWDORXWFRPHV7KH3&7DQGQHIDOVRUHYLHZHGDQG VXJJHVWHGDPHQGPHQWVWRWKHVSHFL¿FDWLRQWRLOOXVWUDWHKRZVHUYLFHSURYLGHUVPLJKW IXO¿OFRSURGXFWLRQFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDQGPHHWZHOOEHLQJRXWFRPHVEDVHGRQWKHµFive Ways to Well-being’.LUNOHHVSODQVWRXVHWKHOHDUQLQJIURPWKHVHDSSURDFKHVWR LQIRUPIXWXUHWHQGHULQJDFWLYLW\ ,QWURGXFHUREXVWZD\VRIPHDVXULQJZHOOEHLQJRXWFRPHVWRKHOSGHPRQVWUDWHWKHYDOXH EHLQJFUHDWHGE\ORFDOVHUYLFHVDQGVWUHQJWKHQWKHFDVHIRULQYHVWLQJLQSRSXODWLRQ ZHOOEHLQJ0DQ\VHUYLFHVLQ.LUNOHHVDUHDOUHDG\XVLQJWKHµ2XWFRPHV6WDU¶WRPHDVXUH FKDQJHVLQZHOOEHLQJDWWKHVHUYLFHXVHUOHYHODQGZRUNLVXQGHUZD\WRH[SORUHZKHWKHU DSRSXODWLRQZHOOEHLQJPHDVXUHVKRXOGDOVREHLQWURGXFHGWRVXSSRUWWKHVKLIWWRZDUGV ZHOOEHLQJSURPRWLRQWKURXJKRXWWKHORFDODXWKRULW\DUHD )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFW7UXGL:ULJKW<RUNVKLUHDQG+XPEHU-RLQW,PSURYHPHQW 3DUWQHUVKLS3URMHFW0DQDJHU.LUNOHHV&RXQFLO 32 The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 7RPDNHDGLIIHUHQFHWKURXJKFRPPLVVLRQLQJ a review of current practice suggests there DUHDQXPEHURISULQFLSOHVZRUWKDSSO\LQJ These apply to procurement from in-house VXSSOLHUVH[WHUQDOSURYLGHUVDQGLQWKH FRQWH[WRIXVHUOHGFRPPLVVLRQLQJ Commission for outcomes, rather than services &RPPLVVLRQLQJVKRXOGEHRXWFRPHV EDVHGIRFXVLQJRQPDWHULDODQGSV\FKR VRFLDOZHOOEHLQJRXWFRPHVIRUFLWL]HQV FRPPXQLWLHVDQGVHUYLFHXVHUVDQGQRW RQWKHVHUYLFHVWKDWPLJKWGHOLYHUWKHP 7KLVUHÀHFWVWKHVKLIWORFDOJRYHUQPHQW H[SHULHQFHGXQGHUWKHODVWJRYHUQPHQW away from comprehensive performance assessment to comprehensive area DVVHVVPHQW,WUHTXLUHVDZKROHV\VWHP DSSURDFKEXLOGLQJRQWKHDVVHWVDQG QHHGVRIFRPPXQLWLHVXVHUVDQG SURYLGHUVDVZHOODVORFDOVWUDWHJLF SULRULWLHV Use the commissioning process with strategic intent 7KLVLQYROYHVDGDSWLQJVHUYLFH VSHFL¿FDWLRQVDQGWHQGHUGRFXPHQWVWR HQVXUHWKDWSURYLGHUVLGHQWLI\KRZWKH\ will meet priority community outcomes DVZHOODVVHUYLFHVSHFL¿FJRDOV)RU H[DPSOHDVHUYLFHFRQWUDFWWRVXSSRUW SHRSOHLQWRZRUNPLJKWDVNSURYLGHUVWR achieve service outcomes in relation to EXLOGLQJSHRSOH¶VFRQ¿GHQFHGHYHORSLQJ QHZVNLOOVDQGKHOSLQJSDUWLFLSDQWVWR¿QG MREV%XWLWFRXOGDOVRUHTXLUHDFRQWULEXWLRQ WRLPSURYHGFRPPXQLW\RXWFRPHVVXFKDV VRFLDOFRKHVLRQ-RLQWFRPPLVVLRQLQJDQG PXOWLDJHQF\FRPPLVVLRQLQJFRXOGKHOS LQFRPELQLQJWKHHIIRUWVRIGLIIHUHQWORFDO DJHQFLHVWRHQKDQFHZHOOEHLQJ FRPPLVVLRQLQJDQHZVHUYLFHUHGHVLJQLQJ DQH[LVWLQJVHUYLFHSURYLGLQJGLUHFW SD\PHQWVWRLQGLYLGXDOVRUFRPPXQLWLHV RUGHYHORSLQJDEHKDYLRXUDOFKDQJH SURJUDPPHDWWKHORFDOOHYHO6LPLODUO\WKLV DSSURDFKDOORZVIRUGLYHUVLW\ZLWKUHJDUG WRZKRWKHµSURYLGHU¶LV5HÀ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ddressing material wellbeing in the current context :KLOHDGGUHVVLQJPDWHULDOZHOOEHLQJLV DOUHDG\DPDMRUFRPSRQHQWRIWKHYDVW PDMRULW\RIH[LVWLQJORFDOVHUYLFHVWKHLU GHVLJQVKRXOGEHUHYLHZHGWRWDNHWZR important elements of the current context into DFFRXQW The increasing importance given to the social determinants of health inequalities $VVHWRXWLQWKHUHFHQW0DUPRW5HYLHZ WKHVHH[WHQGIDUEH\RQGORQJUHFRJQLVHG %HÀH[LEOHDERXWKRZSRVLWLYHZHOOEHLQJ KHDOWKUHODWHGIDFWRUVWRLQFOXGHPXOWLSOH outcomes might best be achieved LQÀXHQFHVRQSHRSOH¶VOLYHVLQFOXGLQJ Flexibility will allow for innovation HGXFDWLRQHPSOR\PHQWDQGWKHORFDO DQGFUHDWLYLW\7KLVPD\EHWKURXJK The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 33 HQYLURQPHQW78 They therefore largely RYHUODSZLWKWKHGHWHUPLQDQWVRIPDWHULDO ZHOOEHLQJ It is often by supporting local social HQWHUSULVHVRUFUHGLWXQLRQVWKDWFRXQFLOV FDQ¿QGZD\VWRVXSSRUWWKHORFDOPDUNHW economy while also promoting the SV\FKRVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJRIFRPPXQLWLHV *LYHQWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQGHEW DQGPHQWDOLOOKHDOWKFRXQFLOVVKRXOG VXSSRUWRUJDQLVDWLRQVWKDWSURYLGHFUHGLW DWPRUHPRGHVWUDWHVRIUHWXUQWKDQWKRVH RIIHUHGE\SULYDWHGRRUVWHSOHQGHUV ,Q+DFNQH\IRUH[DPSOHWKHVRFLDO HQWHUSULVH)DLU)LQDQFHDGGVZHOOEHLQJ YDOXHWRPLFUR¿QDQFHORDQVWRORZLQFRPH FOLHQWVDQGWKHVHOIHPSOR\HGE\RIIHULQJ ERUURZHUVWKHUDS\DQGHPRWLRQDOVXSSRUW The aim is to help people begin to see VRPHSRVVLELOLW\RIDGHEWIUHHIXWXUH81 /RFDO*RYHUQPHQW,PSURYHPHQWDQG 'HYHORSPHQWVUHSRUWµ7KH6RFLDO 'HWHUPLQDQWVRI+HDOWKDQGWKH5ROHRI /RFDO*RYHUQPHQW¶VHWVRXWKRZORFDO JRYHUQPHQWFDQDGGUHVVLQHTXDOLWLHVLQWKH GHOLYHU\RIVHUYLFHVE\HQVXULQJDEHWWHU VSUHDGRIJRRGHGXFDWLRQWKURXJKRXW DORFDODUHDIRUH[DPSOH/RRNLQJDW service provision through a wellbeing lens FDQKHOSLGHQWLI\DGGLWLRQDOFRPPXQLW\ JRDOVDQGEHQH¿WV$QH[DPSOHRIWKLVLV DGDSWLQJWKHGHVLJQRISXEOLFVSDFHVVR that they promote social interaction as well DVSURYLGLQJDFFHVVWRHPSOR\PHQWDQG SXEOLFVHUYLFHV The current context of spending cuts, following the recession 7KLVUDLVHVWKHEDULQWHUPVRIWKHQHHG WRWDNHUDSLGDFWLRQWRSUHYHQWVSLUDOOLQJ SUREOHPV'XULQJWKHUHFHVVLRQ(VVH[ &RXQW\&RXQFLOLQYHVWHGLQWKHHFRQRPLF DQGVRFLDOLQIUDVWUXFWXUHRIORFDOOLIH7KH FRXQFLO¶VDSSURDFKUHÀHFWHGDSDUWLFXODU concern to enhance psycho-social ZHOOEHLQJDORQJVLGHPDWHULDOZHOOEHLQJ %\SURYLGLQJGLUHFW¿QDQFLDOVXSSRUWWR LQGLYLGXDOVLWSURPRWHGDXWRQRP\E\ DOORZLQJSHRSOHWRGHFLGHKRZEHVWWR VSHQGWKHPRQH\%\VXSSRUWLQJSRVW RI¿FHVLWKDVVXSSRUWHGVRFLDOFRQQHFWLRQV VHHFDVHVWXG\ 78 34 Marmot HWDORSFLW &DPSEHOORSFLW 81 0LQG,QWKH5HG'HEWDQGPHQWDOKHDOWK/RQGRQ 0LQG±VHHKWWSZZZPLQGRUJXNFDPSDLJQVBDQGBLVVXHV UHSRUWBDQGBUHVRXUFHVBLQBWKHBUHGBGHEWBDQGBPHQWDOB health0D\ KWWSZZZJXDUGLDQFRXNVRFLHW\PDUPLFUR¿QDQFH IDLVHOUDKPDQPXKDPPDG\XQXs0D\ The role of local government in promoting wellbeing Case study 6: (QKDQFLQJPDWHULDOZHOOEHLQJLQ(VVH[ (VVH[&RXQW\&RXQFLOLVUHFRJQLVHGDVRQHRIWKHPRVWLQQRYDWLYHORFDODXWKRULWLHVLQWKH FRXQWU\7KLVLVDUHSXWDWLRQURRWHGLQWKHFRXQFLO¶VLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKHORFDOJRYHUQPHQW ZHOOEHLQJSRZHU $WDWLPHZKHQPDQ\UHJDUGHGORFDODXWKRULWLHVDVQRPRUHWKDQGHOLYHU\DJHQWVIRU :KLWHKDOO(VVH[GHYHORSHGJHQXLQHO\ORFDODSSURDFKHVWRLPSURYHUHVLGHQWV¶TXDOLW\RI OLIH(VVH[WUHDWHGWKHZHOOEHLQJSRZHUDVDOLFHQFHWRFUHDWHDQGLQQRYDWHLQRUGHUWR UHVSRQGTXLFNO\WRLQFUHDVLQJORFDOQHHG $VWKH8.OXUFKHGIURPDEDQNLQJFULVLVWRZDUGDIXOOEORZQUHFHVVLRQ(VVH[DQG LWVSDUWQHUVUHFRJQLVHGWKHQHHGWRDFWTXLFNO\DQGHIIHFWLYHO\$VSDUWRIDUDQJHRI LQWHUYHQWLRQVWKHFRXQFLO 3URYLGHGGLUHFW¿QDQFLDODVVLVWDQFHWRHFRQRPLFDOO\YXOQHUDEOHUHVLGHQWV(VVH[RIIHUHG DRQHRIISD\PHQWRI WRLWVPRVWHFRQRPLFDOO\YXOQHUDEOHFRXQFLOWD[SD\HUVZLWKD VXJJHVWLRQWKDWWKLVFRXOGEHXVHGWRRIIVHWFRXQFLOWD[ELOOV ,QFUHDVHGWKHFDSDFLW\RIORFDOFUHGLWXQLRQV(VVH[SOHGJHG RYHUWKUHH\HDUV WRVXSSRUW(VVH[6DYHUVWKHFRXQW\ZLGHFUHGLWXQLRQDQGRIIHUHGIXUWKHUVXSSRUWWR VPDOOHUORFDOLVHGFUHGLWXQLRQV7KLVKHOSHGHQVXUHWKDWUHVLGHQWVFRXOGJHWHWKLFDODQG DIIRUGDEOHVRXUFHVRIFUHGLWDVEDQNOHQGLQJFRQWUDFWHG 6WHSSHGXSLWVSURJUDPPHWRUHRSHQORFDOSRVWRI¿FHV5HFRJQLVLQJWKDWERWKUHVLGHQWV DQGEXVLQHVVHVGHSHQGRQORFDOSRVWRI¿FHVHUYLFHV(VVH[GHYHORSHGD PLOOLRQ JUDQWSURJUDPPHWRSUHVHUYHWKUHDWHQHGEUDQFKHV7HQEUDQFKHVKDYHVXFFHVVIXOO\ UHRSHQHGZLWKWZRPRUHH[SHFWHG7KHLQQRYDWLYHµ(VVH[IXQGLQJPRGHO¶KDVVLQFH EHFRPHDJXLGHIRURWKHUFRXQFLOVDQGFRPPXQLWLHVORRNLQJWRVXVWDLQORFDOVHUYLFHV /DXQFKHGWKHµ%DQNLQJRQ(VVH[¶LQLWLDWLYHLQSDUWQHUVKLSZLWK6DQWDQGHUWRFRPEDW WKHHIIHFWVRIWKHFUHGLWFUXQFK)RFXVLQJRQRWKHUZLVHYLDEOHHQWHUSULVHVVWUXJJOLQJWR JHW¿QDQFHWKHLQLWLDWLYHSURYLGHGVKRUWWHUPDQGPHGLXPWHUPORDQVW\SLFDOO\RYHU WRVPDOODQGPHGLXPVL]HGEXVLQHVVHV7KLVLQLWLDWLYHPDUNHGDUHWXUQWR µFRPPXQLW\EDQNLQJ¶DVHUYLFHEDVHGRQORFDONQRZOHGJHDQGDSHUVRQDOUHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQEDQNDQGEXVLQHVV 7KHVHPHDVXUHVKDYHZRQSODXGLWVQDWLRQDOO\7KH$XGLW&RPPLVVLRQSUDLVHGWKH FRXQW\¶VDFWLYLW\ZKLOHWKHQDWLRQDOPHGLDKDYHKLJKOLJKWHG(VVH[DVDQH[DPSOHRIORFDO JRYHUQPHQWDWLWVPRVWHIIHFWLYH0RVWLPSRUWDQWO\WKHVHLQWHUYHQWLRQVKDYHSURYLGHG UHDVVXUDQFHRSSRUWXQLW\DQGVXSSRUWWRORFDOUHVLGHQWVDQGEXVLQHVVHVGXULQJZKDWZDV WKHZRUVWUHFHVVLRQIRU\HDUV )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFW$ODVWDLU*RUGRQ3ROLF\$QDO\VW(VVH[&RXQW\&RXQFLO The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 35 Attending to psycho-social wellbeing using impact assessments Wellbeing impact assessment is a way WRHQVXUHWKDWDFRQFHUQIRUZHOOEHLQJ LQFOXGLQJSV\FKRVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJLV GHVLJQHGLQWRVHUYLFHVDQGORFDOJRYHUQPHQW SURYLVLRQDFURVVDOOGHSDUWPHQWV1HZRU UHFRQ¿JXUHGVHUYLFHVDQGVSHFL¿FSURMHFWV RUSURJUDPPHVDVZHOODVGUDIWDQGFXUUHQW VWUDWHJLHVDQGSODQVFDQEHFKHFNHGWR PDNHVXUHWKH\FRQWULEXWHWRWKHSURPRWLRQ RISRSXODWLRQZHOOEHLQJ There are a number of ways in which ORFDODXWKRULWLHVPLJKWZLVKWRXQGHUWDNH WKLVDVVHVVPHQW2QHH[LVWLQJWHFKQLTXH is Mental Well-being Impact Assessment 0:,$0:,$XVHVDFRPELQDWLRQRI PHWKRGVSURFHVVHVDQGWRROVWRDVVHVV WKHSRWHQWLDOIRUDSROLF\SODQDVLQFDVH VWXG\VHUYLFHSURJUDPPHRUSURMHFWWR DIIHFWWKHPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJRIDSRSXODWLRQ ,WLVDWHFKQLTXHWKDWHQDEOHVFRXQFLOVWR PDNHHYLGHQFHEDVHGUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVWR VWUHQJWKHQWKHSRVLWLYHDQGPLWLJDWHDJDLQVW QHJDWLYHLPSDFWVZKLFKFDQEHSDUWLFXODUO\ XVHIXOLQWKHFRQWH[WRIVSHQGLQJFXWV,WDOVR LQFOXGHVDSURFHVVWKDWFRXQFLOVFDQIROORZ WRGHYHORSLQGLFDWRUVWKDWFDQHIIHFWLYHO\ PHDVXUHLPSURYHPHQWVHHVHFWLRQ 0:,$FDQEHXVHGWRIRFXVRQSRSXODWLRQ groups who may experience health LQHTXDOLWLHVDQGVRFLDOLQMXVWLFHZLWKD SDUWLFXODUHPSKDVLVRQWKRVHPRVWDWULVN RISRRUHUPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJ$ORQJVLGHWKH GHYHORSPHQWRIDWRRONLW82 the National 0HQWDO+HDOWK'HYHORSPHQW8QLWLVFXUUHQWO\ investing in a national programme to support ORFDOJRYHUQPHQWDQGRWKHUSXEOLFVHFWRU ERGLHVLQXQGHUWDNLQJWKH0:,$SURFHVV 82 36 Health Impact Assessment gateway - ZZZKLDJDWHZD\RUJXN 0D\ 8VLQJHVWDEOLVKHGZHOOEHLQJ HYLGHQFHLQVHUYLFHGHVLJQ :HKDYHNQRZQIRUVRPHWLPHDERXWWKHW\SH RIPDWHULDOFRQGLWLRQVWKDWHQKDQFHRUGHWUDFW IURPSHRSOH¶VTXDOLW\RIOLIH:KLOHUHVHDUFK on interventions for promoting psycho-social ZHOOEHLQJLVVWLOODQHZ¿HOGUREXVWHYLGHQFH LVLQFUHDVLQJO\EHFRPLQJDYDLODEOH)RU H[DPSOH ,QDQRQOLQHFRQWULEXWLRQ'U$QGUHZ 0F&XOORFKRIWKH0HQWDO+HDOWK)RXQGDWLRQ VKRZVKRZUHVHDUFKHYLGHQFHRQ wellbeing can help shape local government VHUYLFHVE\XVLQJZKDWLVNQRZQDERXWWKH OLQNVEHWZHHQSK\VLFDODFWLYLW\DQGPHQWDO KHDOWK 7KHSUHYLRXVJRYHUQPHQW¶VIUDPHZRUN IRUGHYHORSLQJZHOOEHLQJµ&RQ¿GHQW &RPPXQLWLHV%ULJKWHU)XWXUHV¶GUDZV WRJHWKHUWKHHYLGHQFHRQLQWHUYHQWLRQV that help to improve mental health DQGZHOOEHLQJ84(DFKLQWHUYHQWLRQRU SURJUDPPHLVJUDGHGRQWKHTXDOLW\RI HYLGHQFHRILWVHIIHFWLYHQHVVDQGWKHVFRSH LWRIIHUVWRSURPRWHJRRGPHQWDOKHDOWKDQG ZHOOEHLQJ 7KHUHLVHYLGHQFHRQLQWHUYHQWLRQVVXFKDV WKRVHSLORWHGE\WKHWKUHHORFDODXWKRULWLHV LQYROYHGLQWKH/RFDO:HOOEHLQJ3URMHFW85 These councils have shown the value RIOHVVRQVLQVFKRROWKDWEXLOGFKLOGUHQ¶V resilience; parenting programmes that support parents’ wellbeing as well DVWKDWRIWKHLUFKLOGUHQJXDUDQWHHG apprenticeships for teenagers; community SURYLVLRQDQGVXSSRUWWKDWHQFRXUDJHV QHLJKERXUVWRJHWWRNQRZHDFKRWKHUDQG VXSSRUWIRULVRODWHGROGHUSHRSOHWRKHOS WKHPFUHDWHDQGPDLQWDLQVRFLDOQHWZRUNV 84 85 +0*RYHUQPHQWRSFLW Bacon HWDORSFLW The role of local government in promoting wellbeing Case study 7: 8VLQJ0HQWDO:HOOEHLQJ,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW0:,$LQGHYHORSLQJORFDO priorities ,QVHWWLQJORFDOSULRULWLHVZKHQGHYHORSLQJLWV/$$WKH/DQFDVKLUH3DUWQHUVKLS FKRVHQDWLRQDOLQGLFDWRU±VHOIUHSRUWHGKHDOWK±DVDµSUR[\¶LQGLFDWRUIRUPHQWDO KHDOWK7KHVWHHULQJJURXSIRUWKHLQGLFDWRUUHFRJQLVHGWKDWPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJZDVDFURVV FXWWLQJLVVXH±QRWMXVWLPSRUWDQWIRUWKHµKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJ¶WKHPHLQZKLFKLWVDW,WZDV IHOWWKDWXVHRIWKH0:,$7RRONLW83ZRXOGHQDEOHDVWUXFWXUHGDQDO\VLVRIKRZDFWLRQSODQV SURJUDPPHVDQGSURMHFWVDFURVVDOOVHYHQ/$$WKHPHVPLJKWLQÀXHQFHPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJ /DQFDVKLUH¶VDLPVZHUHWRUDLVHDZDUHQHVVRIWKHLPSDFWRIDOOSROLF\RQPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJ DQGWRGHYHORSHIIHFWLYHVWUDWHJLHVDQGDFWLRQVZLWKDZLGHUDQJHRISDUWQHUV±VKRZLQJ WKDWJRRGPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJLVHYHU\ERG\¶VEXVLQHVV :LWKWKHFRQVHQWRIWKH/$$FKDLUDQGWKHOHDGVIRUWKHVHYHQWKHPHVWKH/DQFDVKLUH 3DUWQHUVKLSDJUHHGDSURJUDPPHRIHYHQWVRYHUPRQWKV7KHVHLQFOXGHGDZRUNVKRS ZLWKWKHVWHHULQJJURXSIRUHDFKWKHPH$UDSLGDVVHVVPHQWZDVPDGHRIWKHLULQGLFDWRUV WRSULRULWLVHWKRVHZLWKWKHELJJHVWLPSDFWRQPHQWDOKHDOWK/DQFDVKLUHDOVRLQYROYHGLWV MRLQWVWUDWHJLFQHHGVDVVHVVPHQW-61$WHDPZKRSURYLGHGPXFKRIWKHFRPPXQLW\ SUR¿OLQJGDWDIRUWKHHYHQWV$IWHUWKHZRUNVKRSVWKH0:,$WDVNJURXSPHWDJDLQWR FRPSLOHDQDFWLRQSODQWKDWZDVFLUFXODWHGWRDOOSDUWLFLSDQWVIRUDJUHHPHQW 2QHRIWKHPRVWEHQH¿FLDODVSHFWVRIWKLVSURFHVVKDVEHHQWKHLQFUHDVHLQPHQWDO ZHOOEHLQJDZDUHQHVVDPRQJDUDQJHRILQGLYLGXDOVDQGDJHQFLHVZKRZRXOGQRWKDYH WKRXJKWSUHYLRXVO\WKDWPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJZDVµWKHLUEXVLQHVV¶DQGKDGQRXQGHUVWDQGLQJ RIWKHLVVXH )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFW+LODU\$EHUQHWK\6HQLRU3XEOLF+HDOWK,PSURYHPHQW 6SHFLDOLVW1+61RUWK/DQFDVKLUH 83 &RRNH$)ULHGOL/&RJJLQV7(GPRQGV12¶+DUD.6QRZGHQ/6WDQV¿HOG-6WHXHU1DQG6FRWW6DPXHO$QG(G 7KHPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQWWRRONLWQGHG/RQGRQ1DWLRQDO0HQWDO+HDOWK'HYHORSPHQW8QLW±VHH ZZZKLDJDWHZD\2FWREHU ‘The Five Ways to Well-being’ is a set RIHYLGHQFHEDVHGDFWLRQVWRLPSURYH ZHOOEHLQJVHH$SSHQGL[2ULJLQDOO\ GHVLJQHGWRSURYLGHSDWKZD\VIRU LQGLYLGXDOVWRLPSURYHWKHLURZQZHOOEHLQJ WKHVHDUHDOVREHLQJXVHGE\ORFDO DXWKRULWLHVDQG1+6RUJDQLVDWLRQVWR SURYLGHDIUDPHZRUNIRUVWUDWHJLFSODQQLQJ VHUYLFHGHVLJQDQGFRPPLVVLRQLQJWR improve wellbeing outcomes (see case VWXG\QHI LVFXUUHQWO\ZRUNLQJZLWK WKH1DWLRQDO0HQWDO+HDOWK'HYHORSPHQW 8QLWWRPDSWKHXVHRIWKH¿YHZD\VDQG LQIRUPJXLGDQFHDERXWKRZWKH\FDQEH XVHGWRJUHDWHVWHIIHFWDVDPHQWDOKHDOWK SURPRWLRQWRRO7DEOHXVHVH[DPSOHV from current local authority activity to show how the ‘Five Ways to Well-being’FRXOGEH GHVLJQHGLQWRVL[PDMRUVHUYLFHDUHDVRID FRXQFLO The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 37 $GXOWVRFLDOFDUH 3ODQQLQJDQGWUDQVSRUW Connect Intergenerational activities – facilitating contact between \RXQJHUDQGROGHUUHVLGHQWV (for example Merton Council’s ,QWHUJHQHUDWLRQDO&HQWUH Local area co-ordination – ZRUNZLWKLQGLYLGXDOVIDPLOLHV DQGFRPPXQLWLHVWRVXSSRUW SHRSOHZLWKGLVDELOLWLHVIRU H[DPSOH0LGGOHVERURXJK &RXQFLO 'HVLJQLQJWUDI¿FIUHH spaces into developments to encourage social connections IRUH[DPSOH6XWWRQ&RXQFLO Be active Support buddies for disabled young people to help them WDNHSDUWLQVSRUWDQGSK\VLFDO activities (for example 1RWWLQJKDP&LW\&RXQFLO Healthy walks scheme to HQFRXUDJHSK\VLFDODFWLYLW\DQG use of the natural environment IRUH[DPSOH$GXU'LVWULFW &RXQFLO City centre cycle paths to HQFRXUDJHSK\VLFDODFWLYLW\DQG low-carbon travel (for example +HUHIRUGVKLUH&RXQFLO Public art project devised in collaboration with young people to encourage appreciation of public spaces (for example Bristol City &RXQFLOZKRVHVFKHPH LQFOXGHGDPHGLWDWLRQVSDFH Arts festival for social inclusion (for example /DPEHWK&RXQFLO¶V 6SULQJIRUZDUGZKLFK engages people experiencing GLVFULPLQDWLRQRUVRFLDO H[FOXVLRQDQGH[SORUHV OLQNVEHWZHHQFUHDWLYLW\DQG ZHOOEHLQJ Auditing green space provision to ensure access to the natural environment IRUH[DPSOH6RXWK *ORXFHVWHUVKLUH&RXQFLOZKLFK FDUULHGRXWDQDXGLWDVSDUWRI LWVDLPRILPSURYLQJKHDOWKDQG ZHOOEHLQJ An online directory of informal learning activities for young peopleWR encourage participation DQGHQMR\PHQWRIOHDUQLQJ IRUH[DPSOH(VVH[&RXQW\ &RXQFLO Adult learning as an alternative to prescribing anti-depressantsIRUPLOG mental-health problems (for example Northamptonshire &RXQW\&RXQFLODQGSDUWQHUV¶ /HDUQEVFKHPH Identifying sites for selfbuilders to encourage people WROHDUQWKHLQQRYDWLYHDQG HQWUHSUHQHXULDOVNLOOVQHHGHG WREXLOGWKHLURZQKRPHVIRU H[DPSOH6ZLQGRQ%RURXJK &RXQFLO Peer support awards for young people to recognise their efforts in helping others IRUH[DPSOH%UDGIRUG 0HWURSROLWDQ'LVWULFW&RXQFLO Timebanking to encourage skills swapping and reciprocal volunteering as a URXWHWREXLOGVRFLDOQHWZRUNV DQGUHGXFHLVRODWLRQRIROGHU people (for example Bromley &RXQFLODQGSDUWQHUV Supporting volunteer-led ‘walking bus’ schemes WRHQFRXUDJHYROXQWHHULQJ SK\VLFDODFWLYLW\DQGVDIH travel to school (for example 7KXUURFN&RXQFLO *LYH .HHSOHDUQLQJ &KLOGUHQ¶VVHUYLFHV 7DNHQRWLFH Table 1: ([DPSOHVVKRZLQJKRZWKH)LYH:D\VWR:HOOEHLQJFDQEHGHVLJQHGLQWRVHUYLFHDUHDV88 88 38 7KHHOHFWURQLFYHUVLRQRIWKLVGRFXPHQWFRQWDLQVZHEOLQNVWRPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHLQLWLDWLYHVPHQWLRQHG The role of local government in promoting wellbeing (QYLURQPHQWDOVHUYLFHV :RUNZRUNOHVVQHVVDQG the local economy Connect The Big Lunch – events to encourage neighbours to get to NQRZHDFKRWKHUIRUH[DPSOH 6W$OEDQV&LW\DQG'LVWULFW &RXQFLO An area-based growing competition to improve local environments through collaboration between UHVLGHQWVIRUH[DPSOH 5XVKPRRU%RURXJK&RXQFLO A local procurement policy to connect local government activity to the local economy DQGVXSSRUWORFDOEXVLQHVVHV IRUH[DPSOH&DPGHQ&RXQFLO Be active Enabling council tenants to grow their own food by FUHDWLQJHGLEOHJDUGHQVIRU FRXQFLORZQHGKRXVLQJIRU H[DPSOH6RXWKZDUN&RXQFLO Green GymD%7&9VFKHPH WRSURPRWHKHDOWKDQG¿WQHVV DQGVXSSRUWFRQVHUYDWLRQ activities (for example Bath DQG1RUWK(DVW6RPHUVHW &RXQFLO Green space apprenticeships WRERRVWMRERSSRUWXQLWLHVDQG SURPRWHVNLOOVIRUJUHHQVSDFH management (for example 7DPZRUWK%RURXJK&RXQFLO 7DNHQRWLFH Gardening support for vulnerable residents to PDLQWDLQRXWGRRUVSDFHVIRU example Hampshire County Council’s scheme to enable HOGHUO\UHVLGHQWVWRUHPDLQLQ WKHLUKRPHVVHH&DVH6WXG\ Resident involvement in wildlife protection to encourage appreciation of ORFDOELRGLYHUVLW\IRUH[DPSOH )DUHKDP%RURXJK&RXQFLO Helping local people understand the local economy by mapping local PRQH\ÀRZVIRUH[DPSOH 6RXWK6RPHUVHW'LVWULFW &RXQFLOZKLFKZDVWKH DSSURDFKWDNHQGXULQJWKH GHYHORSPHQWRIWKH0LOERUQH 3RUWSDULVKSODQ .HHSOHDUQLQJ Providing training as part of resident involvement in GHFLVLRQPDNLQJIRUFRXQFLO WHQDQWVWRHQFRXUDJHOHDUQLQJ through participation (for H[DPSOH6RXWK.HVWHYHQ 'LVWULFW&RXQFLO Community planting day events to teach basic JDUGHQLQJVNLOOVDQGLPSURYH public spaces (for example %DQEXU\7RZQ&RXQFLO Local entrepreneurship coachingWRXQORFNSRWHQWLDO DQGVNLOOVWRVWLPXODWHWKHORFDO economy (for example Norwich &LW\&RXQFLODQGWKH%L])L]] SURJUDPPH Using peer-support models to enable independent living and residential support to promote mutual support (for H[DPSOH/LQFROQVKLUH&RXQW\ &RXQFLODQG.H\5LQJVFKHPH VHHDOVRFDVHVWXG\ Encouraging volunteers to ‘adopt’ their local area DQGKHOSPDLQWDLQWKHTXDOLW\ of the public space there (for example Manchester City Council’s Community *XDUGLDQVVFKHPHVHHDOVR FDVHVWXG\ Local business support networks of local people YROXQWHHULQJWKHLUWLPHDQG H[SHUWLVHWRSURYLGHEXVLQHVV support to local enterprise (for H[DPSOH0DOYHUQ+LOOV'LVWULFW &RXQFLO *LYH +RXVLQJDQGFRPPXQLW\ services The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 39 Case study 8: 8VHRIWKHµ)LYH:D\VWR:HOOEHLQJ¶ %HWZHHQ-XO\DQG2FWREHUWKH8.JRYHUQPHQW¶VIXWXUHIRFXVHGWKLQNWDQN )RUHVLJKWUHYLHZHGWKHFXUUHQWVWDWHRINQRZOHGJHDERXWSURPRWLQJDQGPDLQWDLQLQJ PHQWDOFDSLWDODQGZHOOEHLQJQRZDQGLQWKHIXWXUH,QWKHODWWHUVWDJHVRIWKHSURMHFWWKH &HQWUHIRU:HOOEHLQJDWQHIZDVDVNHGWRORRNDWWKHDFDGHPLFHYLGHQFHWKDWKDGEHHQ JDWKHUHGDQGGUDZRXWWKHSXEOLFKHDOWKPHVVDJHVWKDWHPHUJHGQHI¶VVXEVHTXHQW UHSRUWµ)LYH:D\VWR:HOOEHLQJ7KHHYLGHQFH¶86GHYHORSHG¿YHNH\PHVVDJHVIURPWKH UHYLHZ7KHVHZHUHµFRQQHFW¶µEHDFWLYH¶µWDNHQRWLFH¶µNHHSOHDUQLQJ¶DQGµJLYH¶87 $VSROLF\PDNHUVLQFUHDVLQJO\UHFRJQLVHWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIHQKDQFLQJSHRSOH¶VZHOOEHLQJ use of the ‘Five Ways to Well-being’ for population-level interventions has been gaining JURXQG([DPSOHVLQFOXGH Promoting wellbeing in health settings 7KH1+6LQ:RUFHVWHUVKLUHLVUXQQLQJD/LIH&KDQQHOFDPSDLJQRQSODVPDVFUHHQVLQWKH ZDLWLQJURRPVRIHDFKRILWV*3VXUJHULHV$VHFRQGDGYHUWLVHPHQWWDONVYLHZHUV WKURXJKHDFKRIWKHµ)LYH:D\VWR:HOOEHLQJ¶UDLVLQJDZDUHQHVVDERXWSRVLWLYHPHQWDO KHDOWKDQGWKHDFWLRQVSHRSOHFDQWDNHWRSURWHFWWKHLUV Re-imagine your high street $VSDUWRIWKH'HZVEXU\5HQDLVVDQFHSURJUDPPH.LUNOHHV&RXQFLODVNHGDUFKLWHFWV %/$DQGQHIWRFRQGXFWZRUNVKRSVZLWKORFDOUHVLGHQWVWRLQIRUPWKHSODQQLQJSURFHVV 7KHµ)LYH:D\VWR:HOOEHLQJ¶ZHUHXVHGDVDIUDPHIRUSDUWLFLSDQWVWRµUHLPDJLQHWKHLU KLJKVWUHHW¶ZKDWWKH\ZDQWHGWRVHHLQWKHWRZQFHQWUHLQWHQ\HDUV¶WLPH7KLVKHOSHG WRRSHQXSGHEDWHDERXWKRZDWRZQFHQWUHFDQRIIHUPRUHWKDQMXVWVSDFHVWRVKRSDQG FRQVXPH :HOOEHLQJHGXFDWLRQ¿YHZD\VDQGIDLU\WDOHV )RXUVFKRROVLQ6WRFNSRUWKDYHZRUNHGZLWKWKHFRXQFLOUXQ6WRFNSRUW$UW*DOOHU\WRFUHDWH DQGSXEOLVKWZRFKLOGUHQ¶VERRNVEDVHGRQWKHµ)LYH:D\VWR:HOOEHLQJ¶6WXGHQWVIURP VHFRQGDU\VFKRROVZRUNHGZLWKSULPDU\VFKRROSXSLOVWRDGDSWZHOONQRZQIDLU\WDOHV DFFRUGLQJWRWKH¿YHZD\VDQGWKHQFROODERUDWHGZLWKSURIHVVLRQDODUWLVWVWRGHYHORS LOOXVWUDWLRQVDQGOLQNHGSHUIRUPDQFHV7KHSURMHFWDFWLYHO\HQJDJHGSXSLOVLQWKLQNLQJ DERXWWKHLURZQZHOOEHLQJDQGZD\VWRSURPRWHLWFRSLHVRIWKHERRNVKDYHEHHQ GLVWULEXWHGIUHHO\WRVFKRROVOLEUDULHV6XUH6WDUW&HQWUHVDQGFRPPXQLW\JURXSV 86 87 40 $NHG-0DUNV1&RUGRQ&DQG7KRPSVRQ6)LYH:D\VWR:HOOEHLQJWKHHYLGHQFH/RQGRQQHI LELG The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 6XSSRUWLQJSV\FKRVRFLDO wellbeing through coSURGXFLQJVHUYLFHV &RSURGXFWLRQRISXEOLFVHUYLFHV±ZKHUH WKHUHLVDQHTXDODQGUHFLSURFDOUHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQSURIHVVLRQDOVSHRSOHXVLQJ VHUYLFHVWKHLUIDPLOLHVDQGWKHLUQHLJKERXUV – is growing in prominence throughout the SXEOLFVHFWRU,WLVDNH\PHFKDQLVPIRU realising the government’s vision for a Big 6RFLHW\ 7KHFRQFHSWRIFRSURGXFWLRQVWHPVIURP WKHLGHDWKDWSHRSOHZKRXVHVHUYLFHVDUH QRWDSUREOHPWREHGHDOWZLWKEXWLQVWHDG represent vital assets; they are the ‘very resource that can turn public services DURXQG¶,WLVURRWHGLQDQXQGHUVWDQGLQJ RIWKHYDOXHRIWKHFRUHHFRQRP\RIIDPLO\ QHLJKERXUKRRGDQGFRPPXQLW\DQG recognises the contribution that citizens PDNHWRVRFLHW\HYHQZKHQWKLVFRQWULEXWLRQ WDNHVSODFHRXWVLGHWKHPDUNHWHFRQRP\ 7KHSULQFLSOHVRIDFRSURGXFWLRQDSSURDFK DUHWKDWLW UHFRJQLVHVSHRSOHDVDVVHWVEHFDXVH people themselves are the real wealth of society YDOXHVZRUNGLIIHUHQWO\UHFRJQLVLQJDV ZRUNHYHU\WKLQJWKDWSHRSOHGRWRUDLVH IDPLOLHVORRNDIWHURQHDQRWKHUPDLQWDLQ KHDOWK\FRPPXQLWLHVDQGGHOLYHUVRFLDO MXVWLFHDQGJRRGJRYHUQDQFH SURPRWHVUHFLSURFLW\JLYLQJDQGUHFHLYLQJ EHFDXVHLWEXLOGVWUXVWEHWZHHQSHRSOHDQG fosters mutual respect EXLOGVVRFLDOQHWZRUNVEHFDXVHDSHUVRQ¶V SK\VLFDODQGPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJGHSHQGVRQ VWURQJHQGXULQJUHODWLRQVKLSV ,QFUHDVLQJO\WKHSULQFLSOHVRIFRSURGXFWLRQ are being put into practice in service settings VHHFDVHVWXG\DVDQH[DPSOH &RSURGXFWLRQKDVDSDUWWRSOD\LQPDNLQJ better use of public-sector resources over WKHORQJHUWHUPE\HQVXULQJWKDWSHRSOH GRQRWEHFRPHSDVVLYHUHFLSLHQWVRI VHUYLFHV,WDOVRKDVWKHSRWHQWLDOWRIRVWHU LPSURYHPHQWVLQZHOOEHLQJ7KLVLVEHFDXVH LWVKLIWVWKHEDODQFHRISRZHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\ DQGUHVRXUFHVIURPSURIHVVLRQDOVWR EHQH¿FLDULHV,QVRGRLQJLWFDQLQFUHDVH VHOIHVWHHPHQFRXUDJHSRVLWLYHHPRWLRQV SURPRWHHQJDJHPHQWZLWKORFDODFWLYLWLHVDQG VXSSRUWVWURQJVRFLDOFRQQHFWLRQV %R\OH'DQG+DUULV07KH&KDOOHQJHRI&R3URGXFWLRQ /RQGRQ1(67$ 6WHSKHQV/5\DQ&ROOLQV-DQG%R\OH'CoSURGXFWLRQ$PDQLIHVWRIRUJURZLQJWKHFRUHHFRQRP\ /RQGRQQHI $NHGHWDORSFLW %R\OHDQG+DUULVRSFLW The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 41 Case study 9: .H\5LQJLQ/LQFROQVKLUH±FRSURGXFWLRQLQSUDFWLFH 2QHRIWKHPDQ\H[DPSOHVFLWHGLQDUHFHQWQHI DQG1(67$UHSRUWRQFRSURGXFWLRQLQ SUDFWLFHLV.H\5LQJDVHUYLFHSURYLGLQJVXSSRUWIRULQGHSHQGHQWOLYLQJIRUSHRSOHZLWK OHDUQLQJGLI¿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¿WV DVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKLVDSSURDFK+HVHHV.H\5LQJ¶VµSKLORVRSK\RILQFOXVLYHQHVV¶ZKHUH XVHUVVLJQXSWRJLYHVRPHWKLQJEDFNDVHQKDQFLQJFKRLFHDQGFRQWURO7KHHPSKDVLVRQ EXLOGLQJRQSHRSOH¶VVNLOOVOHGWRDJURZWKLQFRQ¿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wellbeing promotion is another important way in which local authorities can help enhance ZHOOEHLQJ+HUHDFWLRQVFDQEHWDNHQWR UDLVHDZDUHQHVVDPRQJFLWL]HQVDQGZLWKLQ FRPPXQLWLHVDERXWZKDWZHOOEHLQJLVDQG KRZLWFDQEHVXSSRUWHG)RUH[DPSOHWKH ',<+DSSLQHVVSURJUDPPHWKDWLVEHLQJUROOHG RXWDFURVV/RQGRQDVSDUWRIWKH:HOO/RQGRQ LQLWLDWLYHFRPELQHVZRUNVKRSVZLWKWKHGHVLJQ DQGGHOLYHU\RIDµKDSSLQHVVLQWHUYHQWLRQ¶ VHHFDVHVWXG\7KHµ)LYH:D\VWR:HOO EHLQJ¶KDYHDOVREHHQXVHGZLGHO\IRUSXEOLF PHVVDJLQJDQGHGXFDWLRQVHHFDVHVWXG\ HDUOLHULQWKLVVHFWLRQ3RVLWLYHSV\FKRORJ\ PHDQZKLOHLVDQDFDGHPLFGLVFLSOLQHWKDWLV SRVLWLYHHPRWLRQVVXFKDVJUDWLWXGH 42 SV\FKRORJLFDOUHVRXUFHVVXFKDVRSWLPLVP or hope ZHOOEHLQJUHODWHGEHKDYLRXUVXFKDV VHWWLQJJRDOV Interventions such as these have been VKRZQWRSURPRWHZHOOEHLQJLQJHQHUDO %XWWKH\FDQDOVRKHOSWRDOOHYLDWHVSHFL¿F V\PSWRPVRIGHSUHVVLRQIRUWKRVH H[SHULHQFLQJWKHFRQGLWLRQDQGFDQEXLOG UHVLOLHQFHVHHFDVHVWXG\ 6LQ1/DQG/\XERPLUVN\6µ(QKDQFLQJZHOOEHLQJDQG DOOHYLDWLQJGHSUHVVLYHV\PSWRPVZLWKSRVLWLYHSV\FKRORJ\ LQWHUYHQWLRQVDSUDFWLFHIULHQGO\PHWDDQDO\VLV¶-RXUQDORI &OLQLFDO3V\FKRORJ\,Q6HVVLRQ65 The role of local government in promoting wellbeing :HOOEHLQJUHODWHGFRQVLGHUDWLRQVDOVRKDYH an important role to play in interventions DLPHGGLUHFWO\DWFKDQJLQJKHDOWKUHODWHG EHKDYLRXUVE\KHOSLQJWRIUDPHPHVVDJHVLQ WHUPVRIµIHHOLQJJRRG¶UDWKHUWKDQµDYRLGLQJ LOOQHVV¶7KLVLVOLNHO\WREHRIGLUHFW relevance to local authorities as they begin WRUHVSRQGWRWKHQHZUHVSRQVLELOLWLHVDURXQG SXEOLFKHDOWKVHWRXWE\WKHJRYHUQPHQW 0XOJDQ*,QÀXHQFLQJ3XEOLF%HKDYLRXUWR,PSURYH +HDOWKDQG:HOOEHLQJ$QLQGHSHQGHQWUHSRUW/RQGRQ 'HSDUWPHQWRI+HDOWK 'HSDUWPHQWRI+HDOWKRSFLW Case study 10:',<+DSSLQHVVLQ/RQGRQ ',<+DSSLQHVV',<+ZDVGHYHORSHGE\6RXWK/RQGRQDQGWKH0DXGVOH\1+6 )RXQGDWLRQ7UXVWDQGLVDSURMHFWGHVLJQHGWRSURPRWHDQLQWHJUDWHGDSSURDFKWR ZHOOEHLQJ,WXVHVDFRPELQDWLRQRIFRQYHQWLRQDOKHDOWKSURPRWLRQZLVGRPGLHWDQG SK\VLFDODFWLYLW\PHQWDOKHDOWKDZDUHQHVVDQGJURXQGEUHDNLQJ¿QGLQJVIURPVFLHQWL¿F UHVHDUFKLQWRKDSSLQHVV 7KHLQLWLDOSKDVHRIWKH',<+SURMHFWKDVEHHQWKHGHVLJQDQGGHOLYHU\RIDVHULHVRIHLJKW JURXSZRUNVKRSVIRUZRPHQFDOOHG‘&DQ0RQH\%X\:RPHQ+DSSLQHVV"¶This activity LVOLQNHGWRWKHµ)LYH:D\VWR:HOOEHLQJ¶VHH$SSHQGL[ 2QFRPSOHWLRQRIWKHHLJKW ZRUNVKRSVHDFKSDUWLFLSDQWLVWKHQLQYLWHGWRµGDUHWRGUHDP¶7KDWLVWKH\DUHDVNHGWR GHVLJQDQGGHOLYHUDµKDSSLQHVVLQWHUYHQWLRQ¶WKDWWKH\WKLQNPLJKWLPSURYHORFDOZHOOEHLQJ FRVWLQJXSWR 7KHSURMHFWWKHQSD\VIRUWKHLQWHUYHQWLRQWREHURDGWHVWHGORFDOO\ ³,ZLOOUHFRPPHQGLWWRDQ\RQH7KHFRXUVHLVVREULOOLDQWDQG,OHDUQWPRUHSRVLWLYHWKLQJV DQGKRZWRFRQQHFWZLWKSHRSOH´',<+SDUWLFLSDQW ',<+DSSLQHVVZRUNVKRSVDUHQRZEHLQJUROOHGRXWDFURVVRIWKHPRVWGLVDGYDQWDJHG DUHDVRI/RQGRQDVSDUWRI:HOO/RQGRQD¿YH\HDUKHDOWKLPSURYHPHQWSURJUDPPH FUHDWHGE\WKH0D\RURI/RQGRQ¶V/RQGRQ+HDOWK&RPPLVVLRQDQGIXQGHGE\WKH%LJ /RWWHU\ )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFW$OLVRQ3HDUFH3URJUDPPH0DQDJHU:HOO/RQGRQ/RQGRQ +HDOWK&RPPLVVLRQ The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 43 Case study 11: 'HYHORSPHQWRIWKHUHVLOLHQFHSURJUDPPHLQ+HUWIRUGVKLUH&RXQW\ Council 7KH8.5HVLOLHQFH3URJUDPPHDLPVWRLPSURYHWKHHPRWLRQDOUHVLOLHQFHRIFKLOGUHQDJHG WRE\HQDEOLQJWKHPWRGHDOFRQVWUXFWLYHO\ZLWKGDLO\SUREOHPVDQGFKDOOHQJHV,QLWLDO HYLGHQFHVXJJHVWVWKDWWKHSURJUDPPHKDVLPSURYHGGHSUHVVLRQDQGDQ[LHW\VFRUHVIRU SXSLOV$QHFGRWDOHYLGHQFHDOVRVXJJHVWVDSRVLWLYHLPSDFWRQWKHVFKRROFRPPXQLW\ FODVVURRPEHKDYLRXUDQGWHDFKHUZHOOEHLQJ +HUWIRUGVKLUH&RXQW\&RXQFLOWRRNSDUWLQWKH¿UVW8.SLORWRIWKHLQLWLDWLYHWKUHH\HDUV DJRDVSDUWRIWKH/RFDO:HOOEHLQJ3URMHFWDORQJVLGH0DQFKHVWHU&LW\&RXQFLODQG 6RXWK7\QHVLGH&RXQFLO$QHYDOXDWLRQFDUULHGRXWE\WKH/RQGRQ6FKRRORI(FRQRPLFV LQGLFDWHGJRRGORFDOIHHGEDFNDERXWLPSURYHGRXWFRPHVIRUFKLOGUHQLQFOXGLQJLPSURYHG DWWHQGDQFHDQGEHKDYLRXULQWKHFODVVURRP$VDSRSXODWLRQOHYHOLQWHUYHQWLRQPXFKRI LWVYDOXHLVVHHQDVDYRLGLQJWKHVWLJPDWKDWFRXOGEHJHQHUDWHGIURPPRUHVSHFL¿FDOO\ WDUJHWHGLQWHUYHQWLRQV +HUWIRUGVKLUHLVQRZDSSO\LQJWKHHOHPHQWVRIWKHSURJUDPPHWRSDUHQWLQJFRXUVHV WUDLQLQJIRUVWDIIZRUNLQJZLWK\RXQJSHRSOHDQGLWVOHDGHUVKLSSURJUDPPHIRUKHDG WHDFKHUV7KHPRPHQWXPDURXQGWKHLQLWLDWLYHKDVHQDEOHGWKHFKLOGUHQ¶VVHUYLFHV GHSDUWPHQWWREHJLQGLVFXVVLRQVZLWKORFDOSDUWQHUVDQGRWKHUORFDODXWKRULWLHVDERXWLWV EHQH¿WV%HFDXVHWKHSURJUDPPHSURYLGHVWDQJLEOHLPSURYHPHQWVTXLFNO\LWKDVFDSWXUHG SHRSOH¶VLPDJLQDWLRQV $NH\SULRULW\IRUWKHFRXQFLOLVWRHQVXUHWKHLQLWLDWLYHEHFRPHV¿QDQFLDOO\VHOIVXVWDLQLQJ $ORFDOWUDLQLQJWHDPKDVEHHQUHFUXLWHGDQG+HUWIRUGVKLUHLVQRZDEOHWRVHOOSODFHVRQ LWVWUDLQLQJFRXUVHVWRWUDLQWHDFKHUVIURPRWKHUORFDODXWKRULW\DUHDV7KH8.5HVLOLHQFH 3URJUDPPHLVEHLQJUROOHGRXWWRDOOWKHVFKRROVLQ+HUWIRUGVKLUHRYHUWKHQH[WWZRWRWKUHH \HDUV )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFW/LQGVD\(GZDUGV+HDGRI<RXQJ3HRSOH6XEVWDQFH 0LVXVH&ULPH5HGXFWLRQDQG(PRWLRQDO:HOOEHLQJ+HUWIRUGVKLUH&RXQW\&RXQFLO 44 &KDOOHQ$1RGHQ3:HVW$DQG0DFKLQ68.5HVLOLHQFH3URJUDPPH(YDOXDWLRQ,QWHULPUHSRUW/RQGRQ'HSDUWPHQWIRU &KLOGUHQ6FKRROVDQG)DPLOLHV The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 2.3 Strengthening communities &UHDWLQJWKHNLQGRIFRQGLWLRQVWKDWUHGXFH ULVNIDFWRUVDQGHQDEOHWKHZKROHSRSXODWLRQ WRÀRXULVKLVOLNHO\WREHHDVLHUZKHQFRXQFLOV WKLQNPRUHFUHDWLYHO\DERXWWKHUHVRXUFHV WKH\KDYHDYDLODEOHWRWKHP&RXQFLOVFDQQRW GHOLYHUZHOOEHLQJDVVWUDLJKWIRUZDUGO\DV WKH\FDQSURYLGHVHUYLFHV7KH\FDQQRW PDNHLPSURYHPHQWVWRSRSXODWLRQZHOOEHLQJ RQWKHLURZQ)RUWXQDWHO\WKH\KDYHDWWKHLU GLVSRVDODUHVRXUFHWKDWLVRIWHQRYHUORRNHG WKHYHU\FRPPXQLWLHVWKH\VHUYH GHYHORSDVVHWEDVHGZRUNLQJ VWUHQJWKHQFRPPXQLW\QHWZRUNV HQFRXUDJHUHVLGHQWVWRH[HUWFRQWURORYHU ORFDOFLUFXPVWDQFHV Why supporting action in communities is important 6XSSRUWLQJDFWLRQLQFRPPXQLWLHVLV LPSRUWDQWERWKIRUJHQHUDWLQJGLUHFWZHOOEHLQJ JDLQVDQGIRUEHQH¿WLQJH[LVWLQJVHUYLFH 6LQFHXQGHUWDNLQJWKHEDFNJURXQGZRUNIRU SURYLVLRQ7KHIUDPHZRUNIRUµDQLGHDO WKLVUHSRUWLQODWHDQGHDUO\±ZRUN HPSRZHULQJDXWKRULW\¶SXEOLVKHGE\WKHWKHQ ZKLFKLGHQWL¿HGVWUHQJWKHQLQJFRPPXQLWLHV ,'H$VWDWHVWKDWFRPPXQLW\HQJDJHPHQW as crucial to promoting wellbeing – some WKHSURFHVVDQGHPSRZHUPHQWWKH RIWKHLGHDVODLGRXWEHORZKDYHJURZQ RXWFRPHDUHLPSRUWDQWEHFDXVHWKH\FDQ LQSURPLQHQFHOLQNHGWRWKH%LJ6RFLHW\ KHOSGHOLYHUWKUHHWKLQJV DJHQGD7KLV%LJ6RFLHW\SURYLGHVDUHQHZHG resilient communities with strong social focus on giving more power to people locally QHWZRUNVDQGDFWLYHFLWL]HQVWDNLQJ DQGHQFRXUDJLQJSHRSOHWRWDNHDQDFWLYH responsibility for their own wellbeing UROHLQWKHLUFRPPXQLWLHV ,IWKH%LJ6RFLHW\LVJRLQJWREHHIIHFWLYHDW SURPRWLQJZHOOEHLQJLWZLOOQHHGWRHQVXUH that people’s wellbeing is high enough to HQDEOHWKHPWRJHWLQYROYHGLQWKH¿UVWSODFH DVZHOODVPDNLQJVXUHWKDWWKHZD\LQZKLFK WKH%LJ6RFLHW\LVEXLOWKHOSVVXSSRUWWKH ZHOOEHLQJRIHYHU\RQHQRWMXVWWKHIHZ 7KLVVHFWLRQH[SORUHVWKHEHQH¿WVRI VXSSRUWLQJDFWLRQLQFRPPXQLWLHVDQGZKDW QHHGVWRFKDQJHWRIDFLOLWDWHVXFKDFWLRQ,W DOVRH[SODLQVWKHUROHWKDWRI¿FHUVHPSOR\HG DFURVVORFDOJRYHUQPHQWFDQSOD\WR YLEUDQWGHPRFUDF\ EHWWHUVHUYLFHV Direct wellbeing gains *LYHQZKDWZHNQRZDERXWWKHIDFWRUV LQÀXHQFLQJZHOOEHLQJLWVKRXOGQRWEHKDUG to see why community engagement is such a powerful mechanism for promoting LW(QJDJHPHQWLQLWLDWLYHVFDQSRVLWLYHO\ LQÀXHQFHZHOOEHLQJE\ enhancing local people’s autonomy /*,PSURYHPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQW7KHLGHDO HPSRZHULQJDXWKRULW\DQLOOXVWUDWHGIUDPHZRUN/RQGRQ/* ,PSURYHPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQW The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 45 SURPRWLQJVRFLDOFRQQHFWLRQVDQG strengthening communities :KDWQHHGVWRFKDQJH" :LWKLQWKHFXUUHQWVHUYLFHSURYLGHUPRGHO communities are at times primarily thought of DVUHFLSLHQWVRIVHUYLFHV7KLVRIWHQVHHPV %HQH¿WVWRH[LVWLQJVHUYLFHSURYLVLRQ WRHQGXSFUHDWLQJJUHDWHUGHSHQGHQF\ZLWK 6XSSRUWLQJFRPPXQLW\DFWLRQDOVREHQH¿WV increasing amounts of money being spent ORFDOVHUYLFHVDQGWKHFRXQFLOLWVHOIE\ RQVSHFLDOLVWVHUYLFHSURYLVLRQ$ZD\WRJHW DURXQGWKLVLVWRKDUQHVVWKHULFKUHVRXUFHV encouraging a more effective relationship DQGHQHUJ\WKDWH[LVWLQFRPPXQLWLHVDQG EHWZHHQORFDOJRYHUQPHQWDQGFLYLOVRFLHW\ JURZWKHFRUHHFRQRP\RIIDPLO\IULHQGVDQG LQFOXGLQJFRPPXQLW\JURXSVDQGLQGLYLGXDO QHLJKERXUVWRZRUNLQSDUWQHUVKLSZLWKSXEOLF citizens VHUYLFHVDQGZLWKFRRSVPXWXDOVFKDULWLHV bringing in extra resources in the form of DQGVRFLDOHQWHUSULVHV KHOSVXSSRUWDQGHIIRUWIURPFOLHQWVWKHLU 8VLQJLWVUHVHDUFKIRUWKH/RFDO:HOOEHLQJ IDPLOLHVDQGQHLJKERXUV 3URMHFWWKH<RXQJ)RXQGDWLRQH[DPLQHGWKH KHOSLQJWRDGGUHVVULVNIDFWRUVEHIRUHWKH relationship between citizen empowerment QHHGIRUDFFHVVLQJVHUYLFHVDULVHVVDYLQJ DQGLQFUHDVHGZHOOEHLQJ,WIRXQGWKDWWKH money in the long run most powerful forms of empowerment are SUHYHQWLQJGHSHQGHQF\RQVHUYLFHVZKLFK those that aim to maximise the capabilities KDVWKHSRWHQWLDOWRUHGXFHWKHDPRXQWRI RIORFDOSHRSOHUDWKHUWKDQVLPSO\GHYROYLQJ money spent on specialist provision over GHFLVLRQVIURPRQHJURXSWRDQRWKHU7KH WLPH <RXQJ)RXQGDWLRQ¶VDQDO\VLVSDUWLFXODUO\ HPSKDVLVHVWKHYDOXHRI %HQH¿WVDQGWKH%LJ6RFLHW\YLVLRQ 7KHEHQH¿WVPHQWLRQHGDERYHVWURQJO\HFKR SURYLGLQJJUHDWHURSSRUWXQLWLHVIRU WKHJRYHUQPHQW¶VYLVLRQIRUD%LJ6RFLHW\WR UHVLGHQWVWRLQÀXHQFHGHFLVLRQVDIIHFWLQJ WKHLUQHLJKERXUKRRGV SXWQHLJKERXUKRRGVLQFKDUJHRIWKHLURZQ facilitating regular contact between GHVWLQ\DQGPDNHSHRSOHIHHOWKH\FDQ neighbours VKDSHWKHZRUOGDURXQGWKHP KHOSLQJUHVLGHQWVJDLQWKHFRQ¿GHQFH JHWULGRIFHQWUDOLVHGEXUHDXFUDF\JLYH WKH\QHHGWRH[HUFLVHFRQWURORYHUORFDO SURIHVVLRQDOVPRUHIUHHGRPDQGRSHQXS FLUFXPVWDQFHV SXEOLFVHUYLFHV stimulating meaningful involvement with ORFDOLVVXHV 46 %R\OHDQG+DUULVRSFLW +RWKL0ZLWK%DFRQ1%URSK\0DQG0XOJDQ* 1HLJKERXUOLQHVV(PSRZHUPHQW :HOOEHLQJ,VWKHUH DIRUPXODIRUKDSS\FRPPXQLWLHV"/RQGRQ7KH<RXQJ )RXQGDWLRQRQEHKDOIRIWKH:HOOEHLQJ3URMHFW The role of local government in promoting wellbeing In many ways this type of approach turns the typical way of allocating council resources RQLWVKHDG7KHUROHRIJRYHUQPHQW EHFRPHVLQFUHDVLQJO\DERXWSURYLGLQJWKH LQIUDVWUXFWXUHVXSSRUWWRHQDEOHLQGLYLGXDOV DQGFRPPXQLWLHVWRGHYHORSDQHQYLURQPHQW WKDWSURPRWHVWKHLUZHOOEHLQJ7RGRWKLV HIIHFWLYHO\FRXQFLOVQHHGWR EHPRUHRXWZDUGORRNLQJWRDOORZSHRSOH¶V H[SHULHQFHRIORFDOOLIHWREHDNH\GULYHURI activity UHPHPEHUWKDWWKHLUUROHH[WHQGVEH\RQG WKDWRIVHUYLFHSURYLGHU7KH\VKRXOG EHIXOO\FRPPLWWHGWRHQJDJLQJZLWK FRPPXQLWLHVOLVWHQLQJWRFLWL]HQV¶YLHZV DERXWORFDOSULRULWLHVDQGKDUQHVVLQJ SHRSOH¶VNQRZOHGJHVNLOOVDQGHQWKXVLDVP WRFRFUHDWHVROXWLRQVWKDWEULQJEHQH¿WVWR all recognise the value of the core economy ±WKHUHVRXUFHVRILQGLYLGXDOVIDPLOLHVDQG VRFLDOQHWZRUNVWKDWVXVWDLQVRFLHW\ VHHWKHLUUROHDVOHVVDERXW¿[LQJSUREOHPV DQGPRUHDERXWIDFLOLWDWLQJVROXWLRQV WKLQNOHVVDERXWWKHLUORFDOSRSXODWLRQDV SDVVLYHUHFLSLHQWVRIVHUYLFHVDQGPRUH DERXWWKHPDVDJHQWVRIFKDQJH All levels of local government can promote ZHOOEHLQJE\IRVWHULQJDQDVVHWEDVHG approach; encouraging social relationships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¶VRIIHULQJ $JURZLQJHYLGHQFHEDVHVXPPDULVHGLQD UHFHQW/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW,PSURYHPHQWDQG 'HYHORSPHQWSUHYLRXVO\WKH,'H$UHSRUW VKRZVWKDWZKHQFRXQFLOVDQGSUDFWLWLRQHUV begin with the assets of the community UDWKHUWKDQLWVQHHGVSHRSOH¶VFDSDFLW\WR DGGUHVVWKHLURZQQHHGVWHQGVWRLQFUHDVH $VFDVHVWXG\RQFRPPXQLW\JXDUGLDQV LQ0DQFKHVWHUVKRZVXVLQJORFDOSHRSOH¶V WDOHQWVDQGHQWKXVLDVPWRDGGUHVVORFDO LVVXHVFDQKDYHZLGHUDQJLQJEHQH¿WV Asset mapping is one tool available to FRXQFLOVORRNLQJWRXQORFNWKHHQHUJ\DQG VNLOOVLQWKHLUFRPPXQLWLHV,Q*DWHVKHDG &RXQFLO¶V%HQVKDPDQG6DOWZHOO QHLJKERXUKRRGZRUNLVXQGHUZD\WR LGHQWLI\UHVLGHQWV¶DVVHWVLQVHYHUDOZD\V 1HLJKERXUKRRGRUJDQLVDWLRQVDUHFDUU\LQJ out ‘appreciative conversations’ with their FOLHQWVWRKHOSUHYHDOWKHJLIWVRILQGLYLGXDOV DQGHDFKKRXVHKROGKDVEHHQVHQWDQ DVVHWVFKHFNOLVWWRFRPSOHWHZLWKDYLHZWR VKDULQJWKHLUDVVHWVZLWKWKHLUQHLJKERXUV )RRW-ZLWK+RSNLQV7$*ODVV+DOIIXOO+RZDQDVVHW DSSURDFKFDQLPSURYHFRPPXQLW\KHDWKDQGZHOOEHLQJ /RQGRQ,'H$ The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 47 6RIDURYHUUHVLGHQWVKDYHVWHSSHGIRUZDUG UHYHDOLQJDZLGHUDQJHRIVNLOOVDQGDELOLWLHV 7KLVFRXOGRSHQXSH[FLWLQJRSSRUWXQLWLHVWR VWUHQJWKHQVRFLDOVXSSRUWQHWZRUNV$FKDULW\LQ WKHQHLJKERXUKRRGLVNHHQWRSOD\DOHDGLQJUROH LQVXVWDLQLQJWKHPRPHQWXPWKDWKDVGHYHORSHG LQWKHFRPPXQLW\ )XUWKHUZRUNLVEHLQJGHYHORSHGLQWKH northwest region to create a joint strategic DVVHWDVVHVVPHQW-6$$IUDPHZRUNWR FRPSOHPHQWWKH-61$LQHQDEOLQJFRXQFLOVWR VHHWKHZKROHSLFWXUHIDFLQJWKHLUFRPPXQLWLHV DQGWRZRUNLQDQRXWFRPHIRFXVHGZD\,WLV KRSHGWKDWWKHOHVVRQVOHDUQHGIURPIRXUSLORW VLWHV±&XPEULD&RXQW\&RXQFLO/DQFDVKLUH &RXQW\&RXQFLO/LYHUSRRO&LW\&RXQFLODQG 6WRFNSRUW0HWURSROLWDQ%RURXJK&RXQFLO±ZLOO LPSURYHWKHIUDPHZRUNDQGJXLGDQFHDQG XOWLPDWHO\KHOSFRXQFLOVWREXLOGWKHNLQGRI GHWDLOHGFRPPXQLW\SUR¿OHVWKDWDUHQHHGHGWR IDFLOLWDWHFRPPXQLW\EDVHGVROXWLRQV 6WDQV¿HOG-'HYHORSLQJ$VVHW%DVHG:RUNLQJDQG-RLQW 6WUDWHJLF$VVHW$VVHVVPHQW-6$$1RUWKZHVW'HYHORSPHQW 3URMHFWKWWSZZZFRPPXQLWLHVLGHDJRYXNFRPPFRPPXQLW\ VHDUFKGR"TXHU\7H[W -6$$[ \ 30D\ Case study 12: &RPPXQLW\JXDUGLDQVLQ0DQFKHVWHU 0DQFKHVWHU&LW\&RXQFLOHVWDEOLVKHGDFRPPXQLW\JXDUGLDQVVFKHPHLQRULJLQDOO\ DVSDUWRIPHHWLQJD3XEOLF6HUYLFH$JUHHPHQW36$WDUJHWRIµHQFRXUDJLQJSXEOLF RZQHUVKLSIRUWKHORFDOHQYLURQPHQW¶7KHVFKHPHHQFRXUDJHVORFDOYROXQWHHUVZKRVLJQ XSDVFRPPXQLW\JXDUGLDQVWRWDNHUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUWKHSK\VLFDOHQYLURQPHQWLQWKHLU QHLJKERXUKRRG7KHVFKHPHLVGHOLEHUDWHO\LQIRUPDOZLWKYROXQWHHUVDEOHWRSDUWLFLSDWH DVPXFKRUDVOLWWOHDVWKH\OLNH$FWLYLWLHVLQFOXGHUHSRUWLQJJUDI¿WLDQGOLWWHURUJDQLVLQJ DQGSDUWLFLSDWLQJLQFOHDQXSVPRQLWRULQJGRJIRXOLQJZDWHULQJWUHHVDQGKDYLQJUHJXODU PHHWLQJVZLWKWKHORFDOVWUHHWHQYLURQPHQWPDQDJHU 7KHVXFFHVVRIWKHVFKHPHKDVOHGWRFRPPXQLW\JXDUGLDQVRUJDQLVLQJDQGUXQQLQJWKHLU RZQORFDOHYHQWVHQVXULQJWKDWWKHUHLVD¿UPIRXQGDWLRQIRUZRUNWREHVXVWDLQHGLQWRWKH ORQJHUWHUP&RPPXQLW\JXDUGLDQVKDYHDOVRKDGVLJQL¿FDQWUROHVLQDQXPEHURIRWKHU SURPLQHQWVFKHPHVLQWKHFLW\7KHVHLQFOXGHµ0DQFXQLDQDJUHHPHQWV¶ZKLFKLQYROYH ORFDOSHRSOHDQGDJHQFLHVDJUHHLQJDFWLRQVWRLPSURYHDORFDODUHDDQGWKH0DQFKHVWHU LQ%ORRPFRPSHWLWLRQZKLFKIRVWHUVUHJXODUFRQWDFWEHWZHHQUHVLGHQWVWRZRUNWRJHWKHU RQDFRPSHWLWLRQHQWU\ 7KHVFKHPH¶VVXFFHVVKDVSURPSWHGWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIDGGLWLRQDOREMHFWLYHVUHODWHG WRWKHSURYLVLRQRIWUDLQLQJDQGGHYHORSPHQWRSSRUWXQLWLHV7KHDLPLVWRKHOSFRPPXQLW\ JXDUGLDQVJHWEDFNLQWRHPSOR\PHQWRUSURJUHVVWKHLUOHDUQLQJ 2YHUDOOWKHVFKHPHHPSRZHUVORFDOSHRSOHWKXVERRVWLQJVHOIHVWHHPDQGZHOOEHLQJ%\ JLYLQJFRPPXQLW\JXDUGLDQVUHDOUHVSRQVLELOLW\0DQFKHVWHULVHPSRZHULQJORFDOUHVLGHQWV WRFUHDWHµQHLJKERXUKRRGVRIFKRLFH¶±SODFHVZKHUHWKH\ZDQWWROLYH )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFWWKH&RPPXQLW\*XDUGLDQV7HDP1HLJKERXUKRRG6HUYLFHV 'HSDUWPHQW0DQFKHVWHU&LW\&RXQFLO 48 The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 6WUHQJWKHQLQJFRPPXQLW\ QHWZRUNV +DULQJD\2QOLQHZZZKDULQJD\RQOLQH comLVDVRFLDOQHWZRUNLQJZHEVLWHVHW XSWRVWUHQJWKHQQHWZRUNVLQWKH/RQGRQ %RURXJKRI+DULQJH\7KHVLWHLQFOXGHV 7KHLGHDRIµPDVVORFDOLVP¶±WKHPRELOLVDWLRQ DGLVFXVVLRQIRUXPPHPEHUOHGJURXSV of people on a large scale at local level HYHQWVDQGSODQQLQJXSGDWHV,WKDV WRUHVSRQGWRVRFLDODQGHQYLURQPHQWDO KRVWHGWKHODUJHVWSHWLWLRQHYHUVLJQHG challenges – relies on strong local LQWKHQHLJKERXUKRRGLQUHVSRQVHWR UHODWLRQVKLSVDQGHIIHFWLYHQHWZRUNV$V ORFDOWUDI¿FLVVXHV7KHVWUHQJWKRIWKH 1(67$GHVFULEHVLQDUHFHQWUHSRUWRQWKLV FRPPXQLW\ZDVGHPRQVWUDWHGZKHQ VXEMHFWWKLVFDQµEXLOGDFRPPXQLW\¶DURXQG PHPEHUVRIWKHVRFLDOQHWZRUNFUHDWHG DQLVVXHRUWDVN±ZRUNLQJWRJHWKHUWRLQVWDOO E\WKHFRXQFLOFROODERUDWHGWRFOHDULFH ORFDOFDUERQLQIUDVWUXFWXUHIRUH[DPSOH IURP+DULQJH\3DVVDJH7KHZHEVLWHKDV 7KHZHOOEHLQJHYLGHQFHHPSKDVLVHV ³SURYLGHGDEULGJHEHWZHHQLQGLYLGXDOV WKHFUXFLDOUROHSOD\HGE\VWURQJVRFLDO JURXSVRILQGLYLGXDOVDQGORFDOJRYHUQPHQW FRQQHFWLRQVUHFHQWO\GHVFULEHGDVµWKH RI¿FLDOVPDNLQJLWDWUXHFRPPXQLW\ KLGGHQZHDOWKRIQDWLRQV¶ ZRUNLQJWRJHWKHUIRUWKHEHQH¿WRIWKH QHLJKERXUKRRG´ ,QLWLDWLYHVIURPDURXQGWKHFRXQWU\VXJJHVW ways in which local government can help 7KH+RO\&URVV&HQWUHLQ&DPGHQLV IRVWHUWKHVHFUXFLDOFRQQHFWLRQV)RU KRVWWR.LQJ¶V&URVV7LPHEDQNZKLFK H[DPSOH ZRUNVWRVXSSRUWPHQWDOKHDOWKUHFRYHU\ ,QWKH<RUNVKLUHDQG+XPEHUUHJLRQ YROXQWHHUVKDYHEHHQWUDLQHGDQGVXSSRUWHG to champion health improvement in their RZQFRPPXQLWLHVWKURXJKDFWLYLWLHVZKLFK LQFOXGHVXSSRUWLQJVHOIKHOSJURXSVIRU IDWKHUVDQGKHDOWKZDONV %XQW/DQG+DUULV00DVV/RFDOLVP$ZD\WRKHOSVPDOO FRPPXQLWLHVVROYHELJVRFLDOFKDOOHQJHV/RQGRQ1(67$ +DOSHUQ'7KH+LGGHQ:HDOWKRI1DWLRQV&DPEULGJH 3ROLW\3UHVV /*,PSURYHPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQW$JODVVKDOIIXOO KRZDQDVVHWDSSURDFKFDQLPSURYHFRPPXQLW\KHDOWKDQG ZHOOEHLQJ/RQGRQ/*,PSURYHPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQW DQGSURPRWHDFWLYHSDUWLFLSDWLRQE\ KRPHOHVVSHRSOHDQGUHIXJHHVLQWKH ORFDOFRPPXQLW\7KHFHQWUHLV¿UVWDQG IRUHPRVWDFRPPXQLW\UHVRXUFHDOVR XVHGE\VWXGHQWVIURP&DPGHQ¶VVFKRROV DQGFROOHJHV,QRQH\HDUKRXUV ZHUHH[FKDQJHGEHWZHHQPHPEHUVRIWKH WLPHEDQN%HFDXVHVHUYLFHXVHUVDUHERWK JLYLQJDQGUHFHLYLQJWKH\DUHQDWXUDOO\ HQJDJHGLQEXLOGLQJVRFLDOQHWZRUNV DQG¿QGLQJFRPPXQLW\OHGVROXWLRQV WRSUREOHPV,QWKLVH[DPSOHOHVVRID VHSDUDWLRQEHWZHHQWKRVHµLQQHHG¶DQG WKHUHPDLQGHURIWKHSRSXODWLRQFDQJLYH ULVHWRVROXWLRQVWKDWKHOSGHDOZLWKPHQWDO KHDOWKSUREOHPVDQGSURPRWHWKHZHOOEHLQJ RIWKHJHQHUDOSRSXODWLRQ *LEVRQ$/RFDOE\6RFLDO+RZORFDODXWKRULWLHVFDQ XVHVRFLDOPHGLDWRDFKLHYHPRUHIRUOHVV/RQGRQ1(67$ 7KH%HDFRQ6FKHPH/*,PSURYHPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQWDQG 1(67$PRUHWKDQJRRGLGHDVWKHSRZHURILQQRYDWLRQ LQORFDOJRYHUQPHQW/*,PSURYHPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQW /RQGRQ The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 49 (QKDQFLQJORFDOFRQWURO There are a number of existing mechanisms WKDWFRXQFLOVFDQXVHWRJHQXLQHO\GHYROYH SRZHUFKRLFHFRQWURODQGDFWLRQWRWKHLU FRPPXQLWLHVDQGWKHVHDUHOLNHO\WREH DGGHGWRGXULQJWKHJRYHUQPHQWSXVK WRZDUGVD%LJ6RFLHW\8QGHUVWDQGLQJKRZ best to use available mechanisms to promote wellbeing will only grow in importance as local authorities receive more power to GHYROYHFRQWURODWWKHORFDOOHYHO Provide greater opportunities for UHVLGHQWVWRLQÀXHQFHORFDOGHFLVLRQV 'HPRFUDWLFVHUYLFHVLQ6RXWK7\QHVLGH XVHGFRPPXQLW\GHYHORSPHQWSUDFWLFHVWR UDLVHDZDUHQHVVDERXWZD\VWREHLQYROYHG LQFRQYHQWLRQDOGHPRFUDWLFSURFHVVHV $WWHQGDQFHDWWKHERURXJK¶VFRPPXQLW\DUHD IRUXPVKDVLQFUHDVHGDVKDVWKHSURSRUWLRQ RI\RXQJSHRSOHUHJLVWHUHGWRYRWH Increasing the scope of community initiatives to shape projects and funding decisions ,Q6RXWK/RQGRQ\RXQJSHRSOHKHOSWR .H\H[LVWLQJPHFKDQLVPVLQFOXGH shape initiatives to improve wellbeing on The duty to involve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µ)LYH:D\VWR:HOO DFWLYLWLHVLVOLNHO\WRIRVWHUZHOOEHLQJWKURXJK EHLQJ¶EHIRUHWKH\DUHFRPPLVVLRQHG SURPRWLQJIHHOLQJVRIDXWRQRP\FRPSHWHQF\ FRQQHFWHGQHVVDQGVHQVHRIPHDQLQJ 8QORFNLQJGRRUV Decentralisation powers 8VLQJWKH/RFDO*RYHUQPHQWDQG3XEOLF ,QYROYHPHQW+HDOWK$FW councils FDQVKLIWEXGJHWVLQXSSHUWLHUDXWKRULWLHVWR ORZHUWLHUDXWKRULWLHVLQFOXGLQJSDULVKHVDQG FRPPXQLW\JURXSV,WPD\EHWKHFDVHIRU H[DPSOHWKDWORFDOIHDWXUHVOLNHDFRPPXQLW\ FHQWUHRUSDUNDUHEHWWHUPDQDJHGE\ FRPPXQLW\OHGEXGJHWV7KHVFRSHRIWKLV W\SHRIDFWLYLW\LVOLNHO\WRZLGHQZLWKLGHDV VXFKDVµGHYROYLQJEXGJHWVWRVWUHHWOHYHO¶ IRUPLQJSDUWRIWKH%LJ6RFLHW\YLVLRQ 2I¿FHRI3XEOLF6HFWRU,QIRUPDWLRQ/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW DQG3XEOLF,QYROYHPHQWLQ+HDOWK$FW KWWSZZZRSVL JRYXNDFWVDFWVXNSJDBBHQB1 50 7RSURPRWHSRSXODWLRQZHOOEHLQJORFDO JRYHUQPHQWQHHGVWRDFWLQZD\VWKDWXQORFN GRRUVWRUHOHDVHWKHHQHUJ\DQGLGHDVRI ORFDOFRPPXQLWLHV7KHUHLVVWLOOVRPHZD\WR JREHIRUHFRXQFLOVXSDQGGRZQWKHFRXQWU\ FDQEHVDLGWRKDYHIXOO\UHDOLVHGWKHLU FDSDFLW\WRPRELOLVHDFWLRQLQFRPPXQLWLHV The most potent forms of empowerment are those that aim to maximise the capabilities RIORFDOSHRSOHUDWKHUWKDQVLPSO\ GHYROYLQJGHFLVLRQVIURPORFDOLQVWLWXWLRQVWR FRPPXQLWLHVDQGLQGLYLGXDOV Hothi HWDORSFLW The role of local government in promoting wellbeing Case study 13: (QJDJLQJ\RXQJSHRSOHDERXWPHQWDOKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJ 7KH+RQRU2DN(VWDWHLQ/HZLVKDP6RXWK/RQGRQLVWKHORFDWLRQRIDPXOWLDJHQF\ SURMHFWWKDWLVH[SOLFLWO\HQJDJLQJ\RXQJUHVLGHQWVRQWKHLVVXHRIPHQWDOKHDOWKDQG ZHOOEHLQJ$QLQLWLDOFRQVXOWDWLRQSKDVHDLPHGWRH[SORUH\RXQJSHRSOH¶VXQGHUVWDQGLQJ RIPHQWDOKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJLGHQWLI\ZKDWIDFWRUVWKH\IHOWSURPRWHGDQGOLPLWHGWKHLU ZHOOEHLQJDQG¿QGRXWZKDWZRXOGEULQJWKHPDJUHDWHURYHUDOOVHQVHRIZHOOEHLQJ7KH WHFKQLTXHVXVHGGXULQJWKHFRQVXOWDWLRQLQFOXGHGRQHWRRQHFRQYHUVDWLRQVZLWK\RXQJ SHRSOHDFRQVXOWDWLRQHYHQWDQGDVKRUWTXHVWLRQQDLUH6RPHFRPPHQWVIURP\RXQJ SHRSOHLQYROYHGLQDWUDLQLQJVHVVLRQKHOGDVSDUWRIWKHSURMHFWLQFOXGHG ³3RVLWLYHWKLQNLQJZDVUHDOJRRGDQG,¶PJRLQJWRWU\VRPHRIWKHVXJJHVWLRQV´ ³6HOIUHVSHFWLVDJRRGSRLQWHUIRUWKHIXWXUHDQGOHDUQLQJIURPQRZKRZZHQHHGWREH WUHDWHGZLOOUHVRQDWHZLWKXVZKHQZHJHWROGHUVKRZLQJXVVLJQVDQGSDWWHUQVWRDYRLG´ 7KHUHVXOWLQJ¿QGLQJVDQGDQDO\VLVKDYHOHGWRWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIDVHWRI¿YH\HDU JRDOVIRU\RXQJSHRSOHDQGWKHLUIDPLOLHVRQWKHHVWDWHLQFOXGLQJLPSURYLQJVHOIHVWHHP IRVWHULQJDVHQVHRIFRPPXQLW\VSLULWDQGGHYHORSLQJ,7PXVLFDQGIRRGVNLOOV$ VWDNHKROGHUJURXSPDGHXSRIUHVLGHQWVDQGDJHQFLHVZRUNLQJRQWKHHVWDWHKDVEHHQ IRUPHGWRWDNHWKHZRUNIRUZDUG<RXQJSHRSOHDQGWKHLUIDPLOLHVFRQWLQXHWREHLQYROYHG IRFXVLQJLQLWLDOO\RQEXLOGLQJWKHLUVHOIHVWHHPDQGWUXVW )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFW$QJHOLTXH7KRPSVRQ&HQWUH0DQDJHU+RQRU2DN<RXWK &HQWUH The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 51 2.4 Organisational activity 'HVSLWHWKHOLNHO\QHHGIRUMREORVVHV DQGVSHQGLQJUHGXFWLRQVLQDQXPEHU RIFRXQFLOGHSDUWPHQWVLQWKHVKRUWWR PHGLXPWHUPORFDODXWKRULWLHVZLOOUHPDLQ major local employersDQGEX\HUV0DQ\ FRXQFLOVWDIIDQGFRQWUDFWRUVZLOOEHORFDO UHVLGHQWV7KURXJKWKHZD\WKDW+5DQG SURFXUHPHQWSROLFLHVDUHLPSOHPHQWHG FRXQFLOVFDQGLUHFWO\SURPRWHWKHPDWHULDO DQGSV\FKRVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJRILQGLYLGXDOV DQGFRPPXQLWLHV%\EHFRPLQJµZHOOEHLQJ DZDUH¶FRXQFLOVFDQLPSURYHVDWLVIDFWLRQ ZLWKVHUYLFHVDQGIRVWHUWUXVWRIORFDO LQVWLWXWLRQV This section sets out the following ways that local authorities can use organisational OHYHUVWRSRVLWLYHO\LQÀXHQFHWKHOLYHVRI FRXQFLOVWDIIDQGWKHUHE\WKHOLYHVRIFLWL]HQV VXSSRUWLQJSV\FKRVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJDWZRUN supporting the economic wellbeing of local communities HPSRZHULQJVWDIIWREHDGYRFDWHVIRU ZHOOEHLQJ KWWSZZZLGHDJRYXNLGNFRUHSDJHGR"SDJH,G 3 0D\ 52 6XSSRUWLQJSV\FKRVRFLDO ZHOOEHLQJDWZRUN The negative impact of unemployment RQPHQWDOKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJKDVEHHQ IUHTXHQWO\GRFXPHQWHG111112*RRGTXDOLW\ HPSOR\PHQWLVLPSRUWDQWIRUZHOOEHLQJ:RUN FDQVWUHQJWKHQVRFLDOFRQQHFWLRQVDQGLWFDQ SURYLGHDVHQVHRIPHDQLQJSXUSRVHDQG YDOXHZKLFKDUHLPSRUWDQWIRUHQFRXUDJLQJ IHHOLQJVRIVHOIZRUWKDQGVDWLVIDFWLRQ %HLQJLQSDLGZRUNLVQRWDOZD\VDJXDUDQWHH RIZHOOEHLQJKRZHYHU$UDQJHRIIDFWRUV KDYHDEHDULQJRQRXUZHOOEHLQJDWZRUN LQFOXGLQJOHYHOVRISD\ZRUNLQJKRXUV DQGZRUNORDGVWKHOHYHOVRIVXSSRUWIURP PDQDJHPHQWDXWRQRP\FUHDWLYLW\MRE VHFXULW\DQGZKHWKHURUQRWWKHZRUNZH GR¿WVZLWKRXUYDOXHV0DQ\RIWKHGULYHUV RIDVHQVHRIZHOOEHLQJDWZRUNUHVWZLWK WKHDFWLRQVRI+5IXQFWLRQVDQGVHQLRU PDQDJHPHQWDOWKRXJKWKHLULPSOHPHQWDWLRQ is often reliant on senior buy-in (see section 7KHGD\WRGD\DFWLRQVRIPDQDJHUVDQG supervisors at all levels are also important to ZHOOEHLQJ113 111 +XSSHUW)3V\FKRORJLFDO:HOOEHLQJ(YLGHQFH UHJDUGLQJLWVFDXVHVDQGLWVFRQVHTXHQFHV/RQGRQ)RUHVLJKW 0HQWDO&DSLWDODQG:HOOEHLQJ3URMHFW 112 &ODUNH$(DQG2VZDOG$-µ8QKDSSLQHVVDQG unemployment’ 7KH(FRQRPLF-RXUQDO± 113 'HZH3DQG.RPSLHU0)RUHVLJKW0HQWDO&DSLWDODQG :HOOEHLQJ3URMHFW:HOOEHLQJDQGZRUNIXWXUHFKDOOHQJHV /RQGRQ*RYHUQPHQW2I¿FHIRU6FLHQFH The role of local government in promoting wellbeing Councils that see employee wellbeing as DNH\SDUWRIWKHLUORFDOZHOOEHLQJDJHQGD EHQH¿WHFRQRPLFDOO\DVZHOODVLPSURYLQJ SRSXODWLRQZHOOEHLQJ(PSOR\HHZHOOEHLQJ LVRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWSUHGLFWRUV RIHIIHFWLYHQHVVDQGSURGXFWLYLW\DWZRUN DVZHOODVOR\DOW\WRDQRUJDQLVDWLRQ114 As UHVRXUFHVFRQWLQXHWREHVTXHH]HGDQGWKH GHPDQGIRUHI¿FLHQF\LQFUHDVHVSURPRWLQJ the wellbeing of staff will become even more LPSRUWDQW 0XFKRIWKHFXUUHQWIRFXVLQZRUNSODFHV WHQGVWREHRQKHDOWKDQGVDIHW\DQGWKH LPSOLFDWLRQVRIVWUHVV:KLOHWKHVHLVVXHV DUHLPSRUWDQWWRDGGUHVVWKH\GRQRW by themselves constitute the promotion of wellbeing in the sense of fostering a ÀRXULVKLQJZRUNIRUFH)RUH[DPSOHD QDWLRQDOVXUYH\FDUULHGRXWE\QHIFRQVXOWLQJ LQIRXQGWKDWDQLQWHUHVWLQJMRELVPRUH important to employee wellbeing than an DEVHQFHRIVWUHVV7KHPRVWVLJQL¿FDQW IDFWRUVLQPDNLQJMREVLQWHUHVWLQJDSSHDUWR EHKDYLQJDIDLUGHJUHHRIDXWRQRP\JHWWLQJ RSSRUWXQLWLHVWREHFUHDWLYHDQGOHDUQLQJD MREWKDW\RXIHHO\RXFDQGRZHOO115 ([DPSOHVRILQQRYDWLYHZHOOEHLQJSURPRWLQJ DSSURDFKHVLQFOXGH 1+6*ORXFHVWHUVKLUHZKLFKLVGHYHORSLQJ DµZHOOQHVV¶SDFNDJHIRULWVVWDII7KHUH ZLOOEH¿YHPRGXOHVLQFOXGLQJFUHDWLYH WKLQNLQJ¿WQHVVGLHWDQGH[HUFLVHWLPH PDQDJHPHQWPRWLYDWLRQDQGVWUHVV116 &RUQZDOO&RXQFLOZKLFKKDVEHHQ HQFRXUDJLQJORFDOEXVLQHVVHVWRWKLQN DERXWZHOOEHLQJLQWKHZRUNSODFHVHHFDVH VWXG\ Case study 14: 3URPRWLQJKHDOWKDQG ZHOOEHLQJLQZRUNSODFHVLQ&RUQZDOO ,Q&DUDGRQ'LVWULFW&RXQFLOQRZ &RUQZDOO&RXQFLOLQYLWHGDOORUJDQLVDWLRQV LQLWVGLVWULFWWRWDNHSDUWLQZRUNSODFH KHDOWKFKHFNV)ROORZLQJRQHRIWKHVH DVVHVVPHQWVWKHHPSOR\HU*LQVWHUV DGRSWHGDUDQJHRIPHDVXUHVWRKHOS LPSURYHKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJDPRQJLWV ZRUNIRUFH7KHVHLQFOXGHGPDNLQJDQRQ VLWHJ\PDYDLODEOHKRXUVDGD\IRUDOO VWDIIDQGWKHLUSDUWQHUVDVWDIIQHZVOHWWHU IRUHPSOR\HHVDQGWKHLUIDPLOLHVVDIH F\FOHDQGZDONLQJURXWHVDYROXQWHHU programme; allotments; training to help VWDIIUXQFODVVHVDQGFKDPSLRQDFWLYLWLHV DQGµSDVVLRQHYHQLQJV¶IRUVWDIIWRVKDUH WKHLUKREELHVZLWKFROOHDJXHV %\XVLQJORFDOSURYLGHUVDQGH[LVWLQJ VWDIIWKHSURMHFWKDVEHHQDEOHWRPDNH LWVDFWLYLWLHVDIIRUGDEOHIRUDOOZKRZDQW WRWDNHSDUW7KHLQLWLDWLYHKDVIRVWHUHG better social connections (particularly DPRQJVKLIWZRUNHUV,WKDVDOVR LPSURYHGWKHPRWLYDWLRQVHOIHVWHHPDQG PRUDOHRIVWDII*LQVWHUVKDVVHHQD SHUFHQWUHGXFWLRQLQKHDOWKLQVXUDQFH SUHPLXPVDQGDSHUFHQWUHGXFWLRQLQ VWDIIWXUQRYHURYHUWKUHH\HDUV )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFW6XH &UXWFKOH\/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW ,PSURYHPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQW+HDOWK\ &RPPXQLWLHV3URJUDPPHRUVHHWKH %RRUPDQ5HYLHZ117 117 %RRUPDQRSFLW 114 )RUHVLJKW0HQWDO&DSLWDODQG:HOOEHLQJ3URMHFWRSFLW 115 KWWSZZZZHOOEHLQJDWZRUNQHWQDWLRQKWPl0D\ 116 %RRUPDQ1+6+HDOWKDQG:HOOEHLQJ)LQDO5HSRUW /RQGRQ'HSDUWPHQWRI+HDOWK The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 53 6XSSRUWLQJHFRQRPLF wellbeing of local communities 3URFXUHPHQWDQGUHFUXLWPHQWE\FRXQFLOV FDQKDYHDVLJQL¿FDQWLPSDFWRQORFDOMREV DQGEXVLQHVVHVHVSHFLDOO\LQWLPHVRIKLJK XQHPSOR\PHQW%RWKUHSUHVHQWLPSRUWDQW OHYHUVIRUVWLPXODWLQJWKHÀRZDQGFLUFXODWLRQ RIPRQH\WKURXJKWKHORFDOFRPPXQLW\ Providing local employment opportunities Councils can enhance the wellbeing of their UHVLGHQWVE\VSHFL¿FDOO\VHHNLQJWRHPSOR\ ORFDOSHRSOHZKHQHYHUSRVVLEOH5HFRJQLVLQJ WKHZHOOEHLQJULVNVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKLQFUHDVLQJ \RXWKXQHPSOR\PHQW1RWWLQJKDP&LW\ &RXQFLOKDVVHFXUHGIXQGLQJIURPWKH &RPPLVVLRQIRU$UFKLWHFWXUHDQGWKH%XLOW (QYLURQPHQW&$%(DQGWKH'HSDUWPHQW IRU&RPPXQLWLHVDQG/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW¶V :RUNLQJ1HLJKERXUKRRGV)XQGWRSD\IRU DSSUHQWLFHVKLSVWROHDUQJDUGHQDQGJUHHQ VSDFHVNLOOV1187KLVLQYHVWPHQWZLOOSURYLGH WUDLQLQJRYHUWZR\HDUVWRZDUGV194OHYHO LQKRUWLFXOWXUHIRU\RXQJSHRSOHDJHG,W will also contribute to population wellbeing by LPSURYLQJORFDOJUHHQVSDFHV Supporting local businesses (YHQZKHQWKHHIIHFWVRIWKHFRPLQJSXEOLF VSHQGLQJFXWVKDYHEHHQIXOO\LPSOHPHQWHG LQORFDOEXGJHWVWKHPRQH\WKDWFRXQFLOV VSHQGZLOOVWLOOUHSUHVHQWDODUJHLQMHFWLRQRI UHVRXUFHVLQWRWKHORFDOHFRQRP\HYHU\\HDU %\WKLQNLQJFDUHIXOO\DERXWWKHLPSDFWRIWKHLU SURFXUHPHQWSROLFLHVFRXQFLOVFDQPDNHWKLV PRQH\VWUHWFKIXUWKHU :LWKDJRRGPL[RIODUJHDQGVPDOOWHQGHUV it is possible to achieve economies of scale ZKLOHDOVRSURYLGLQJRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUVPDOOHU ORFDOEXVLQHVVHVWRZLQFRQWUDFWV&RXQFLOV can help local enterprises to compete for FRQWUDFWVE\UXQQLQJZRUNVKRSVRQKRZWR FRPSOHWHWHQGHUUHSOLHV $VFDVHVWXG\VKRZVFRXQFLOVFDQSOD\ an important role in championing social HQWHUSULVHV7KHFUXFLDOSRLQWLVWKDWZKHQ FRXQFLOVVSHQGPRQH\WKH\VKRXOGGRVR IRUFRPPXQLW\EHQH¿W7KHZD\WKH\VSHQG FDQPDNHDUHDOGLIIHUHQFHWRSRSXODWLRQ ZHOOEHLQJ Councils have a role to play in ensuring that DOOWKHLUHPSOR\HHV±LQFOXGLQJDJHQF\DQG FRQWUDFWHGVWDII±DUHSDLGDOLYLQJZDJHVR that they earn enough to support themselves DQGWKHLUIDPLO\7KH\FDQDOVRHQFRXUDJHORFDO EXVLQHVVHVWRVHHN/LYLQJ:DJH(PSOR\HU DFFUHGLWDWLRQ7KHFDPSDLJQE\&LWL]HQV8. IRUDOLYLQJZDJHKDVEHHQEDFNHGE\/RQGRQ¶V 0D\RUDQGLWKDVSXWDQH[WUD PLOOLRQLQWKH SRFNHWVRIORZSDLGZRUNHUVLQWKH8.VLQFH 7KLVKDVKDGDSRVLWLYHLPSDFWRQWKH TXDOLW\RIOLIHRIZRUNHUVZLWKNQRFNRQEHQH¿WV IRUWKHZLGHUFRPPXQLW\ 118 +RUWLFXOWXUH:HHN0DUFKKWWSZZZKRUWZHHNFRP FKDQQHO3DUNV$QG*DUGHQVDUWLFOH1RWWLQJKDPVSDUNV HQHUJLVHGWHDPDSSUHQWLFHV0D\ KWWSZZZOLYLQJZDJHHPSOR\HURUJDERXW0D\ 54 5RZHOO$RSFLW The role of local government in promoting wellbeing Case study 15: 6XSSRUWLQJWKHORFDOHFRQRP\LQ6KHI¿HOG :KHQ6KHI¿HOG&LW\&RXQFLORUJDQLVHGD ELOOLRQGHYHORSPHQWLQLWLDWLYHLWDVNHGLWV¿YH FRQVWUXFWLRQFRPSDQLHVWRFRPPLWWRGHOLYHULQJSHUFHQWRIWKHLUZRUNWKURXJKVRFLDO HQWHUSULVHV,QWHUHVWLQJO\UHVHDUFKHUVIROORZHGWKHVRXUFHRILQFRPHGHULYHGIURPRQH FRQWUDFWRUWRVHHKRZLWZDVVSHQWDQGUHVSHQWLQWKHORFDODUHD7KH\IRXQGWKDWHYHU\ VSHQWJHQHUDWHGDQDGGLWLRQDO IRUWKHORFDOHFRQRP\7KH\DOVRIRXQGWKDW SHUFHQWRIWKHWRWDOFRQWUDFWZDVVSHQWLQWKHLPPHGLDWHDUHDRIWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQSURMHFW ZKLFKZDVRQHRIWKHPRVWGLVDGYDQWDJHGDUHDVRI6KHI¿HOG For more information see ZZZSOXJJLQJWKHOHDNVRUJ (PSRZHULQJVWDIIWREH DGYRFDWHVIRUZHOOEHLQJ 7KHIURQWOLQHVWDIIHPSOR\HGE\ORFDO JRYHUQPHQWVKRXOGEHVHHQDVZHOOEHLQJ DGYRFDWHV±DQLPSRUWDQWFKDQQHORI FRPPXQLFDWLRQZLWKORFDOUHVLGHQWVDQG FRPPXQLWLHV7RSOD\WKLVUROHHIIHFWLYHO\ KRZHYHUVWDIIZKRLQWHUDFWGLUHFWO\ZLWK communities – for example community HQJDJHPHQWRI¿FHUVKHDOWKWUDLQHUVDQG SDUNZDUGHQV±QHHGWUDLQLQJRQZHOOEHLQJ LVVXHVDQGRUJDQLVDWLRQDOVXSSRUWIRU DXWRQRPRXVDQGFUHDWLYHZRUNLQJ Councils are increasingly investing in initiatives that aim to improve staff XQGHUVWDQGLQJRIZHOOEHLQJDQGPHQWDO KHDOWKLVVXHVWRWKHEHQH¿WQRWRQO\RI WKHVWDIIWKHPVHOYHVEXWDOVRWKHZLGHU community that they come into contact with VHHFDVHVWXG\)RUH[DPSOH0HQWDO +HDOWK)LUVW$LG0+)$LVDWHFKQLTXH WKDWDLPVWRSURYLGHWKHQRQH[SHUWZLWK NQRZOHGJHRIWKHVLJQVDQGV\PSWRPVRI DUDQJHRIPHQWDOKHDOWKSUREOHPVDQGWKH FRQ¿GHQFHWRLQWHUYHQHZKHQDSUREOHPLV REVHUYHG7KLVFDQEHWKRXJKWRIDVSDUDOOHO WRWKHFRPSHWHQF\SURYLGHGLQSK\VLFDO ¿UVWDLGSURJUDPPHV0+)$LVGHVLJQHGWR UDLVHDZDUHQHVVRIPHQWDOKHDOWKLVVXHV KHOSSUHYHQWWKHGHWHULRUDWLRQRIPHQWDO KHDOWKSUREOHPVDQGSURPRWHWKHUHFRYHU\ RIJRRGPHQWDOKHDOWK121 Awareness training LVRIWHQDLPHGDWIURQWOLQHVWDIIZKRZRUN ZLWKPHPEHUVRIWKHSXEOLFEXWFDQDOVREH GHOLYHUHGWRRWKHUJURXSV 121 ZZZPKIDHQJODQGRUJXN 0D\ The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 55 Case study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¶VFXOWXUDOVWUDWHJ\ 3RVLWLYHRXWFRPHVIURPWKLVZRUNKDYHLQFOXGHG LPSURYHGVWDNHKROGHUHQJDJHPHQWDUUDQJHPHQWVWKURXJKWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRID FRPPXQLW\JDUGHQLQJIRUXP WKHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRILQLWLDWLYHVWKDWVLJQL¿FDQWO\LPSURYHPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJVXFKDVDORFDO OLQHGDQFLQJFOXEWKDWEULQJVROGHUSHRSOHWRJHWKHU DJUHHPHQWRQDFWLRQVWRDGGUHVVVSHFL¿FJDSVLQSURYLVLRQIRUH[DPSOHWKHH[SDQVLRQ RI\RXWKDUWVSURYLVLRQLQWKHVRXWKRIWKHERURXJK )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFW+LODU\5HQZLFN+HDGRI&XOWXUDO6HUYLFHV/HZLVKDP &RXQFLO &RXQFLOVDUHULJKWO\FRQFHUQHGDERXWZKDW ORFDOUHVLGHQWVWKLQNRIWKHPDQGWKHVHUYLFHV WKH\SURYLGH7KLVLVUHÀHFWHGLQVXUYH\V PHDVXULQJVDWLVIDFWLRQZLWKFRXQFLOVHUYLFHV DQGLVDFUXFLDOSDUWRIWKHGLDORJXHFRXQFLOV VHHNWRFUHDWHZLWKWKHLUFLWL]HQV It is important to ensure that front-line staff DUHLQDSRVLWLRQWRXQGHUVWDQGWKHIDFWRUV LQÀXHQFLQJUHVLGHQWV¶H[SHULHQFHVDQGWKDW they can be responsive when it comes to SURYLGLQJVROXWLRQV&RXQFLOVFDQKHOSZLWK WKLVE\ (PSRZHULQJVWDIIWRDFWRQLGHDVWKH\ GHYHORSWKURXJKWKHLUFRQWDFWZLWK PHPEHUVRIWKHSXEOLF 56 3URPRWLQJZLGHUHQJDJHPHQWWKURXJK ORFDODUHDSDUWQHUVKLSV)RUH[DPSOH a sub-group on each of the ‘Five Ways WR:HOOEHLQJ¶FRXOGSURYLGHGLVFXVVLRQ DQGOHDUQLQJRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUVWDIIIURP DUDQJHRISROLF\DUHDVDQGSURIHVVLRQDO GLVFLSOLQHVHVSHFLDOO\LIRSHQHGXSWR UHVLGHQWVDQGH[WHUQDOSDUWQHUV (QFRXUDJLQJFRXQFLOVWDIIWR¿QGLQQRYDWLYH solutions in partnership with local FRPPXQLWLHVLVOLNHO\WRLQFUHDVHVDWLVIDFWLRQ ZLWKVHUYLFHVDQGLPSURYHSHRSOH¶VWUXVWLQ ORFDOLQVWLWXWLRQV The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 2.5 Measuring wellbeing outcomes The systematic measurement of wellbeing outcomes is crucial if local authorities are to DFWRQDQGVHHWKHEHQH¿WVIURPSURPRWLQJ SRSXODWLRQZHOOEHLQJ*LYHQWKHUHSODFHPHQW RIWKH1DWLRQDO,QGLFDWRU6HW122 there will EHFRQVLGHUDEO\OHVVFHQWUDOGLUHFWLRQWKDQ in recent years about what outcomes local DXWKRULWLHVVKRXOGPHDVXUHDQGKRZWKH\ VKRXOGJRDERXWPHDVXULQJWKHP 7KLVSURYLGHVDXQLTXHRSSRUWXQLW\IRU FRXQFLOVWRGHVLJQDPHDVXUHPHQWDSSURDFK WKDWEHVW¿WVWKHLUUHPLWWRLPSURYHWKHOLYHV RIORFDOSHRSOHZRUNVZLWKLQWKHLUORFDO FRQWH[WDQGSURYLGHVDFRPSUHKHQVLYHDQG PXOWLGLPHQVLRQDOSLFWXUHRIORFDOZHOOEHLQJ Measurement is essential to properly assess WKHLPSDFWRIDFWLYLWLHVDQGWKHLUFRQWULEXWLRQ WRZDUGVPHHWLQJZHOOEHLQJUHODWHGJRDOV ,WFDQDOVRVWHHUORFDODFWLYLW\LQDGLUHFWLRQ WKDWSURPRWHVZHOOEHLQJ,QWKLVZD\ measurement becomes an important tactic in ensuring that a commitment to wellbeing SURPRWLRQEHFRPHVHPEHGGHGWKURXJKRXW ORFDOJRYHUQPHQW This section explores what performance RI¿FHUVVHUYLFHPDQDJHUVDQGSURMHFW RI¿FHUVQHHGWRWDNHRQERDUGZKHQ PHDVXULQJZHOOEHLQJ,WDOVRLGHQWL¿HVVRPH RIWKHPHDVXUHPHQWRSWLRQVDYDLODEOH,WLV RUJDQLVHGLQWRWKUHHSDUWV 122 7KHUHSODFHPHQWRIWKH1DWLRQDO,QGLFDWRU6HWZDVDQQRXQFHG RQ2FWREHU6HHKWWSZZZFRPPXQLWLHVJRYXN VWDWHPHQWVFRUSRUDWHORFDOJRYDFFRXQWDELOLW\ 8QGHUVWDQGLQJZK\\RXZDQWWRPHDVXUH :KDWPHDVXUHPHQWRSWLRQVDUHDYDLODEOH" :KDWLQGLFDWRUVDUHDYDLODEOH" 8QGHUVWDQGLQJZK\\RXZDQW to measure 7KHW\SHRIZHOOEHLQJLQGLFDWRUV\RXFKRRVH VKRXOGEHLQÀXHQFHGE\ZKDW\RXZDQWWR PHDVXUHDQGZK\QHIZRUNHGFROODERUDWLYHO\ ZLWKWKHWKUHHORFDODXWKRULWLHVLQYROYHG LQWKH/RFDO:HOOEHLQJ3URMHFWWRSURGXFH DIUDPHZRUNIRUGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ123 The IUDPHZRUNPDNHVDNH\GLVWLQFWLRQDERXW OHYHOVRIPHDVXUHPHQWWKDWLVZKRVH ZHOOEHLQJVKRXOGEHPHDVXUHG Measurement at the universal level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l0D\ The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 57 Measurement at the targeted level 7KLVDOORZVDGHWDLOHGH[SORUDWLRQRIWKH ZHOOEHLQJRISHRSOHZKRDUHXVLQJVSHFL¿F VHUYLFHVRUDUHLQYROYHGZLWKSDUWLFXODU LQLWLDWLYHV7KLVZLOORIWHQLQYROYHPHDVXULQJ ZHOOEHLQJDWGLIIHUHQWSRLQWVLQWLPHLQ RUGHUWRWUDFNFKDQJHVEHIRUHDQGDIWHUDQ LQWHUYHQWLRQ+DPSVKLUH&RXQW\&RXQFLO LVXVLQJDWDUJHWHGDSSURDFKWRDVVHVV WKHZHOOEHLQJRIROGHUSHRSOHZLWKD YLHZWRUHGXFLQJLVRODWLRQDQGSURPRWLQJ LQGHSHQGHQWOLYLQJ 7KHIUDPHZRUNDOVRKLJKOLJKWVWKDWLQVRPH FDVHVPHDVXUHPHQWVPLJKWEHVWEHFDUULHG out within particular geographical areas UDWKHUWKDQDFURVVWKHZKROHRIDERURXJK GLVWULFWRUFRXQW\7KLVZLOODSSO\ZKHUHWKHUH are particular concerns about the wellbeing in an area or there is interest in measuring the impact of services with a particular JHRJUDSKLFDOIRFXV What measurement options DUHDYDLODEOH" 7KHUHLVDQHVWDEOLVKHGERG\RILQGLFDWRUV WKDWFDQEHXVHGWRWDNHIRUZDUGWKH PHDVXUHPHQWRIZHOOEHLQJDWWKHVHGLIIHUHQW OHYHOV(DFKKDVVWUHQJWKVDQGZHDNQHVVHV DQGWKHIROORZLQJH[DPSOHVVKRZVRPHRI the ways in which local authorities have LQWURGXFHGZHOOEHLQJPHDVXUHPHQWWRGDWH Single measure of overall wellbeing 7KLVDVNVUHVLGHQWVWRUHSRUWRQWKHLUOLIH VDWLVIDFWLRQXVLQJTXHVWLRQVVXFKDV³$OO WKLQJVFRQVLGHUHGKRZVDWLV¿HGDUH\RX ZLWK\RXUOLIHDVDZKROHQRZDGD\V"´ 7KLVTXHVWLRQLVXVHGLQDQXPEHURI LQWHUQDWLRQDODQGQDWLRQDOVXUYH\V which means there is a large amount of FRPSDULVRQGDWDDYDLODEOHIRUGLIIHUHQW SRSXODWLRQVRYHUWLPHDQGLWZDVLQFOXGHG LQWKH'HSDUWPHQWIRU&RPPXQLWLHVDQG 58 /RFDO*RYHUQPHQW&/*TXHVWLRQEDQN125 Using existing scales for measuring subjective wellbeing126 6RPHVFDOHVH[SDQGPHDVXUHPHQWRI satisfaction with life into a number of PHDVXUHV,QVRPHFDVHVLWLVH[WHQGHGWR DGRPDLQDSSURDFKZKHUHVDWLVIDFWLRQZLWK DVSHFWVRIOLIHVXFKDVKHDOWKUHODWLRQVKLSV DQGFRPPXQLW\LVH[SORUHG2WKHUVFDOHV DOORZVSHFL¿FDVSHFWVRIZHOOEHLQJVXFK DVVHOIHVWHHPRUHQJDJHPHQWLQDFWLYLWLHV WREHPHDVXUHGLQGHSWK7KH1RUWK:HVW 0HQWDO:HOOEHLQJ6XUYH\VHHFDVHVWXG\ SURYLGHVDQH[DPSOHRIGUDZLQJRQ DQHVWDEOLVKHGVFDOHWKH:(0:%6 scale127DWWKHUHJLRQDOOHYHOSRROLQJWKH resources of a number of neighbouring ORFDODXWKRULWLHVDQG3&7V Developing a multi-dimensional framework for measuring wellbeing 8QGHUVWDQGLQJZHOOEHLQJDVDG\QDPLF interaction between many factors means that local authorities will often want to choose an approach that captures a QXPEHURIGLIIHUHQWHOHPHQWV$QH[DPSOH IUDPHZRUNIRUWKLVVRUWRIDSSURDFKDW SRSXODWLRQOHYHOZKLFKRIIHUVDQXPEHURI opportunities for application at the local OHYHOLVWKH1DWLRQDO$FFRXQWVRI:HOO EHLQJIUDPHZRUNSURSRVHGE\QHI128 0HDVXULQJZHOOEHLQJZLWKLQVSHFL¿FOLIH domains This allows an exploration of experiences as they relate to particular aspects or GLPHQVLRQVRISHRSOH¶VOLYHV1RWWLQJKDP &LW\&RXQFLOWRRNWKLVDSSURDFKLQ 125 'HSDUWPHQWIRU&RPPXQLWLHVDQG/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW 3ODFH6XUYH\0DQXDO/RQGRQ&/* 126 6WHXHUHWDORSFLW 127 7HQQDQW5+LOOHU/)LVKZLFN53ODWW6-RVHSK6:HLFK6 3DUNLQVRQ-6HFNHU-DQG6WHZDUW%URZQ6µ7KH:DUZLFN (GLQEXUJK0HQWDO:HOOEHLQJ6FDOH:(0:%6GHYHORSPHQW DQG8.YDOLGDWLRQ¶+HDOWKDQG4XDOLW\RI/LIH2XWFRPHV 5KWWS ZZZKHDOWKVFRWODQGFRPVFRWODQGVKHDOWKSRSXODWLRQ0HDVXULQJ SRVLWLYHPHQWDOKHDOWKDVSx0D\ 128 0LFKDHOVRQHWDORSFLW The role of local government in promoting wellbeing PHDVXULQJWKHZHOOEHLQJRIORFDOFKLOGUHQ DQG\RXQJSHRSOHZLWKLQGRPDLQVUHODWLQJ WRIDPLO\IULHQGVOLYLQJHQYLURQPHQW VFKRRODQGVHOI 0DUNV16KDK+DQG:HVWDOO$7KHSRZHUDQG SRWHQWLDORIZHOOEHLQJLQGLFDWRUV0HDVXULQJ\RXQJSHRSOH¶V ZHOOEHLQJLQ1RWWLQJKDP/RQGRQQHI Case Study 17: 1RUWK:HVW0HQWDO:HOOEHLQJ6XUYH\ ,Q3&7VDQGORFDODXWKRULWLHVLQWKHQRUWKZHVWUHJLRQFROODERUDWHGWRMRLQWO\IXQG DVXUYH\RIPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJ7KHVXUYH\DLPHGWRSURYLGHDQHZEDVHOLQHDWERWK ORFDODQGUHJLRQDOOHYHOWRVXSSRUWRXWFRPHEDVHGFRPPLVVLRQLQJDQGWKHHYDOXDWLRQ RILQWHUYHQWLRQVDQG0:,$V7KHVWXG\DOVRDLPHGWRVXSSRUWPRUHFRPSUHKHQVLYH -61$VWKURXJKWKHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRISRSXODWLRQJURXSVZLWKORZHUDQGKLJKHUOHYHOVRI ZHOOEHLQJ7KHDYDLODELOLW\RISRVLWLYHRXWFRPHGDWDLVVHHQDVDVLJQL¿FDQWHOHPHQW LQWKHVKLIWWRZDUGVLQYHVWPHQWLQSUHYHQWLRQDQGKHDOWKLPSURYHPHQWWKDWKDVVLQFH EHHQDFKLHYHG7KHSURMHFWKDVDOVRKHOSHGWRHQVXUHEHWWHUWDUJHWLQJRILQWHUYHQWLRQV WRUHGXFHLQHTXDOLWLHVDQGLPSURYHPHQWDOKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJ7KHVXUYH\ZDV EDVHGRQTXHVWLRQVWKDWVRXJKWWRPHDVXUHDµZLGHUDQJHRIGHWHUPLQDQWVRIPHQWDO ZHOOEHLQJVXFKDVIHHOLQJVUHODWLRQVKLSVKHDOWKOLIHHYHQWVOLIHVW\OHDQGSODFH¶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¶VSODQQHGPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJSURPRWLRQDFWLYLW\.H\ ¿QGLQJVIURPWKHVXUYH\WKDWDUHKHOSLQJWRVKDSHWKHFRXQFLO¶VZRUNLQFOXGHHYLGHQFHRI WKHOLQNVEHWZHHQXQHPSOR\PHQWDQGSRRUZHOOEHLQJDQGEHWZHHQJRRGPHQWDOKHDOWK DQGH[HUFLVH&UDLJVDLG³,WLVYHU\YDOXDEOHWRKDYHJRRGORFDOLVHGGDWDZKLFKLQGLFDWHV ZKHUHWKHUHPLJKWEHSUREOHPVDQGSRLQWVLQWKHGLUHFWLRQRILQWHUYHQWLRQV´7KHFRXQFLO KRSHVWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQUHSHDWVRIWKHVXUYH\LQRUGHUWR³PDNHFDXVDOOLQNVWRZRUNLQWKH IXWXUHDQGEHDEOHWRPDSFKDQJHV´ )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFW-XGH6WDQV¿HOG3XEOLF0HQWDO+HDOWKDQG:HOOEHLQJ/HDG 1+61RUWKZHVW 'HDFRQ/&DUOLQ+6SDOGLQJ-*LOHV66WDQV¿HOG-+XJKHV63HUNLQV&DQG%HOOLV0$1RUWK:HVW0HQWDO:HOOEHLQJ 6XUYH\6XPPDU\/LYHUSRRO1RUWK:HVW3XEOLF+HDOWK2EVHUYDWRU\ The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 59 :KDWLQGLFDWRUVDUHDYDLODEOH" 0HDVXULQJZHOOEHLQJRXWFRPHVGRHV not always have to mean collecting new LQIRUPDWLRQ([LVWLQJGDWDFDQEHEURXJKW WRJHWKHUIURP -61$V H[LVWLQJVXUYH\VRIORFDOUHVLGHQWV RWKHUGDWDJDWKHULQJH[HUFLVHVOLQNHGWR ORFDOO\DJUHHGLQGLFDWRUV 7RPHDVXUHZHOOEHLQJHIIHFWLYHO\FRXQFLOV VKRXOGDOVRLQWURGXFHPHDVXUHVWKDWORRNDW the psycho-social aspect of wellbeing – often UHIHUUHGWRDVVXEMHFWLYHZHOOEHLQJLQGLFDWRUV These measure people’s life experiences DQGWKHLUIHHOLQJVDERXWWKHPVHOYHVDQG WKHLULQWHUDFWLRQVZLWKWKHZRUOG6RPHRIWKLV information will be available through familiar GDWDVRXUFHV)RUH[DPSOHFRXQFLOVKDYH UHSRUWHGRQ1DWLRQDO,QGLFDWRUVZKLFKKDYH LQFOXGHGPHDVXUHVRIVXEMHFWLYHDVSHFWVRI ZHOOEHLQJLQFOXGLQJ ,WLVOLNHO\WKDWWKHVHGDWDVRXUFHVZLOOEH 1,ZDVEDVHGRQWKHSURSRUWLRQRI particularly useful for capturing the socioSHRSOHUHSRUWLQJWKDWWKHLUKHDOWKLVJRRG HFRQRPLFFRQGLWLRQVDIIHFWLQJSHRSOH¶V RUYHU\JRRGDPHDVXUHZKLFKDOWKRXJK ZHOOEHLQJ7KHVHLQFOXGHKRXVLQJFRQGLWLRQV DSSDUHQWO\EDVHGRQREMHFWLYHKHDOWK HPSOR\PHQWVWDWXVLQFRPHDQGEHQH¿WVDW KDVEHHQVKRZQWREHVWURQJO\OLQNHGWR WKHLQGLYLGXDOOHYHOSOXVLVVXHVVXFKDVWKH SHRSOH¶VVXEMHFWLYHH[SHULHQFHRIOLIH ORFDOODERXUPDUNHWDQGWUDI¿FVDIHW\DWWKH UDWKHUWKDQWKHLUSK\VLFDOKHDOWK DUHDOHYHO/RRNLQJDWKRZRXWFRPHVDUH GLVWULEXWHGDFURVVWKHORFDOSRSXODWLRQVKRXOG 1,ORRNHGDWWKHSURSRUWLRQRISHRSOH reporting that they belong strongly to their EHDFHQWUDOFRPSRQHQWVRWKDWLQHTXDOLWLHV QHLJKERXUKRRG7KLVPHDVXUHVDQDVSHFW EHWZHHQGLIIHUHQWJURXSVFDQEHWUDFNHGRYHU of social relationships that is vital to overall WLPH ZHOOEHLQJ 1RWZLWKVWDQGLQJWKHFKDQJHVWRWKH1DWLRQDO ,QGLFDWRU6HWLWLVVWLOOOLNHO\WREHH[WUHPHO\ useful to collect these sorts of measures ORFDOO\FRQVLGHULQJZKLFKRIWKHLQGLFDWRU W\SHVGLVFXVVHGDERYHZLOOEHVWPHHWWKH FRXQFLO¶VPHDVXUHPHQWJRDOV +RZHYHUQHZLQGLFDWRUVRIWKHYDULRXV W\SHVGLVFXVVHGXQGHUPHDVXUHPHQW RSWLRQVDERYHPD\DOVRQHHGWREHZRYHQ LQWRPHFKDQLVPVVXFKDVWKH-61$DQG UHVLGHQWV¶VXUYH\VWRFDSWXUHWKHSV\FKR VRFLDOGLPHQVLRQVRIZHOOEHLQJIXOO\7KH 0:,$WRRONLWFDQDOVRKHOSORFDODXWKRULWLHV PHDVXUHZHOOEHLQJDVKLJKOLJKWHGLQ the ‘MWIA as a tool for supporting the PHDVXUHPHQWRIZHOOEHLQJ¶ER[ 60 The role of local government in promoting wellbeing MWIA as a tool for supporting the measurement of wellbeing 7KH0:,$WRRONLWUHIHUUHGWRLQPRUHGHWDLOLQ6HFWLRQJXLGHVXVHUVRIWKHWRRONLW WKURXJKDSURFHVVWRLGHQWLI\ZKHWKHU LQGLFDWRUVDOUHDG\LQXVHDUHUHOHYDQWWRSHRSOH¶VSV\FKRORJLFDODQGVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJ$Q H[DPSOHRIPDWFKLQJFRPSRQHQWVRIZHOOEHLQJWRWKHH[LVWLQJLQGLFDWRUVLVKLJKOLJKWHG below MWIA protective factor: enhancing control Existing indicators A sense of control, for example setting DQGSXUVXLWRIJRDOVDELOLW\WRVKDSHRZQ circumstances young people’s participation in positive activities 36$ percentage of people who feel they FDQLQÀXHQFHGHFLVLRQVLQWKHLUORFDOLW\ 36$ PRUHVSHFLDOLVHGPHDVXUHVQHHGWREHGHYHORSHG$ÀRZFKDUWWRHQDEOHXVHUVRIWKH WRRONLWWRGHYLVHQHZRQHVLVDYDLODEOHLQWKHWRRONLW$QH[DPSOHIRUFUHDWLQJDORFDOLVHG LQGLFDWRULVVKRZQEHORZ MWIA protective factor: increasing resilience and community assets Specialised indicator How they will collect the information Decisions and choices for example the ability to XQGHUVWDQGWKLQNFOHDUO\ DQGIXQFWLRQVRFLDOO\ 3DUWLFLSDQWVLQLQWHUYHQWLRQ OLVWWKHGHFLVLRQVWKDWWKH\ are struggling with in their lives /LVWDWEHJLQQLQJUHYLHZDW WKHHQG )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQYLVLWZZZKLDJDWHZD\RUJXN The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 61 Part 3: Moving forward /RFDOJRYHUQPHQWLVDOUHDG\HQJDJLQJ ZLWKWKHHYLGHQFHEDVHRQZHOOEHLQJ7KH QXPHURXVFDVHVWXGLHVLQWKLVUHSRUWVKRZ WKLV%XWWKHUHLVPXFKPRUHWREHGRQH The %LJ6RFLHW\DJHQGDSURYLGHVDQLPSRUWDQW RSSRUWXQLW\IRUORFDOJRYHUQPHQWWRWDNH DFWLRQRQZHOOEHLQJ,WUHFRJQLVHVWKDWZKHQ SHRSOHDUHWUHDWHGDVLIWKH\DUHFDSDEOHDQG feel they have control over what happens WRWKHPDQGFDQWDNHDFWLRQRQWKHLURZQ EHKDOIWKHLUSK\VLFDOKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJ LPSURYHV,WUHFRJQLVHVWKDWZKHQLQGLYLGXDOV DQGJURXSVJHWWRJHWKHUDQGZRUNWRJHWKHU VXSSRUWQHWZRUNVJURZVWURQJHUDQGSHRSOH EHFRPHPRUHUHVLOLHQW But it is also the case that levels of wellbeing DPRQJLQGLYLGXDOVDQGFRPPXQLWLHVZLOO GHWHUPLQHWKHH[WHQWWRZKLFKWKH\FDQ SDUWLFLSDWHLQWKH%LJ6RFLHW\LQWKH¿UVW SODFH$QGWKHIDFWRUVWKDWGULYHZHOOEHLQJ DUHXQHTXDOO\GLVWULEXWHGDPRQJORFDO SRSXODWLRQV The challenge for local government will be WRSURYLGHSUDFWLFDOVXSSRUWDQGDFFHVVWR local resources in ways that support material DQGSV\FKRVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJVRWKDWSHRSOH ZLWKGLIIHUHQWOHYHOVRIFDSDFLW\FDQKDYH DQHTXDOFKDQFHRIDIIHFWLQJFKDQJHLQ WKHLUORFDODUHD7KLVZLOOUHTXLUHWKDWORFDO JRYHUQPHQWDGRSWVDJHQXLQHO\QHZZD\RI GRLQJWKLQJV7KLVUHSRUWKDVVKRZQZKDW FDQEHGRQHDWDORFDOOHYHOWRLPSURYHWKH ZHOOEHLQJRILQGLYLGXDOVDQGFRPPXQLWLHV ,WKDVKLJKOLJKWHGWKHEHVWSUDFWLFHRIµHDUO\ DGRSWHUV¶DFURVVWKHFRXQWU\,WKDVLQGLFDWHG 62 WKHVFDOHRIWKHGLIIHUHQFHWKDWFRXOGEH PDGHLIHYHU\ORFDODXWKRULW\ZHUHWRHPEHG ZHOOEHLQJLQWRHYHU\DFWLYLW\DQGDWHYHU\ OHYHOIURPWKHVWUDWHJLFWRWKHSUDFWLFDO 7KH¿QDOSDUWRIWKLVUHSRUWLVGHVLJQHGWR VXSSRUWFRXQFLOVNHHQWRLQLWLDWHRUEXLOGRQ ZRUNWKDWDLPVWRSURPRWHZHOOEHLQJ,WLV RUJDQLVHGLQWRWKUHHVHFWLRQV Priority action areas This sets out a number of suggestions for ORFDOJRYHUQPHQWWRFRQVLGHUDFURVV¿YH NH\IXQFWLRQVRIORFDOJRYHUQPHQWVWUDWHJLF OHDGHUVKLSVHUYLFHVDQGFRPPLVVLRQLQJ VWUHQJWKHQLQJFRPPXQLWLHVRUJDQLVDWLRQDO DFWLYLW\DQGPHDVXULQJZHOOEHLQJRXWFRPHV Developing your capacity 7KLVPDNHVVXJJHVWLRQVDERXWKRZWREXLOG UHVRXUFHVFDSDELOLW\DQGFRQ¿GHQFHZLWKLQ councils to strengthen local government’s LPSDFWRQSRSXODWLRQZHOOEHLQJ Finding out more 7KLVSURYLGHVOLQNVWRDQXPEHURIUHVRXUFHV DQGWRRONLWVWKDWFDQDVVLVWORFDOJRYHUQPHQW LQGHYHORSLQJLWVUROH The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 3.1 Priority action areas 7KLVUHSRUWKDVRXWOLQHGDQXPEHURIZD\V to put action on wellbeing at the population level at the heart of local government EXVLQHVV%DVHGRQRXUUHVHDUFKDQGWKH H[SHULHQFHRIµHDUO\DGRSWHUV¶ZHDUHDEOH WRPDNHDQXPEHURIVXJJHVWLRQVWKDWLI LPSOHPHQWHGVKRXOGKHOSFRXQFLOVWRKDYHD positive impact on the wellbeing of their local SRSXODWLRQ Strategic leadership 7RPDNHDFWLRQRQZHOOEHLQJFHQWUDOWRWKH GD\WRGD\EXVLQHVVRIDFRXQFLOOHDGHUV FDQ see it as their responsibility to set an overarching vision for local wellbeing within HQYLURQPHQWDOOLPLWVDQGWRLPSOHPHQW PHFKDQLVPVWKDWSURYLGHVWUDWHJLF RYHUVLJKWRIWKHZHOOEHLQJDJHQGD GHYHORSDQRYHUDUFKLQJZHOOEHLQJ IUDPHZRUNWRJXLGHFRXQFLODFWLYLW\ZLWK someone from the senior level of local government assuming responsibility DOORFDWH¿QDQFLDOUHVRXUFHVWRVWUDWHJLHV DQGSURJUDPPHVWKDWZRUNWRSURPRWH ZHOOEHLQJDQGSUHYHQWPHQWDOLOOKHDOWK DGYRFDWHIRUWKHXVHRIWKHZHOOEHLQJ SRZHUDQGIRUWKFRPLQJSRZHURIJHQHUDO FRPSHWHQFHDQGFRPPXQLFDWHWKHLU EHQH¿WVWRFRXQFLOVWDIIDWDOOOHYHOV LQFOXGLQJWKRVHLQVWUDWHJLFUROHVDQG SHRSOHZRUNLQJRQWKHIURQWOLQHRIVHUYLFH SURYLVLRQ Services and commissioning &RPPLVVLRQHUVDQGVHUYLFHSURYLGHUVFDQ DFWWR use the commissioning process to HQFRXUDJHSURYLGHUVWRLGHQWLI\DQG GHOLYHUDJDLQVWZHOOEHLQJRXWFRPHV±ERWK PDWHULDODQGSV\FKRVRFLDO±DVZHOODV VHUYLFHVSHFL¿FJRDOV XVHWKHHVWDEOLVKHGHYLGHQFHEDVHWR EXLOGZHOOEHLQJLQWRWKHZD\VHUYLFHVDUH GHVLJQHG WDNHDFRSURGXFWLRQDSSURDFKZKHUHYHU SRVVLEOHVRWKDWVHUYLFHVDUHGHVLJQHG DQGGHOLYHUHGLQSDUWQHUVKLSEHWZHHQXVHUV DQGSURIHVVLRQDOV LQFOXGHGLUHFWZHOOEHLQJSURPRWLRQDFWLYLWLHV LQWKHUDQJHRIORFDOJRYHUQPHQWSURYLVLRQ Strengthening communities 2I¿FHUVHPSOR\HGWKURXJKRXWORFDO government can maximise the capabilities RIORFDOSHRSOHDQGHPSRZHUWKHPWRKHOS FUHDWHWKHLURZQZHOOEHLQJE\ GHYHORSLQJDVVHWEDVHGDSSURDFKHV WKDWGUDZRQWKHH[LVWLQJFDSDELOLWLHVDQG DVVHWVRIUHVLGHQWVWRSURPRWHZHOOEHLQJDW the local level fostering the crucial social connections EHWZHHQSHRSOHWKDWDUHQHHGHGWREXLOG WKHVWURQJQHWZRUNVUHTXLUHGIRUWKH%LJ 6RFLHW\ZKHUHSHRSOHIHHOFRPSHWHQWDQG SRZHUIXOHQRXJKWRKHOSGHYHORSZRUNDEOH solutions to seemingly intractable problems The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 63 GHYROYLQJJHQXLQHSRZHUDQGFRQWUROWR FRPPXQLWLHV,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRLGHQWLI\ RSSRUWXQLWLHVWRGHFHQWUDOLVHDQGWR LQYROYHUHVLGHQWVLQGHPRFUDWLFSURFHVVHV DQGGHFLVLRQV Organisational level +5DQGSURFXUHPHQWGLUHFWRUVFDQPDNHXVH RIRUJDQLVDWLRQDOOHYHUVWR actively support the psycho-social ZHOOEHLQJRIFRXQFLOVWDIIDQGKHOSORFDO EXVLQHVVHVWRGRWKHVDPHZLWKWKHLU employees XVHSURFXUHPHQWDQGUHFUXLWPHQWSROLFLHV WRKDYHDGLUHFWLPSDFWRQWKHVWUHQJWK RIWKHORFDOHFRQRP\DQGWKHHFRQRPLF ZHOOEHLQJRIUHVLGHQWV IRVWHUDZRUNLQJFXOWXUHWKDWVXSSRUWV VWDIIWRXQGHUVWDQGDQGUHVSRQGWRIDFWRUV DIIHFWLQJWKHZHOOEHLQJRIORFDOUHVLGHQWV DQGFRPPXQLWLHV Measuring outcomes 3HUIRUPDQFHRI¿FHUVVHUYLFHPDQDJHUVDQG SURMHFWRI¿FHUVFDQ EULQJWRJHWKHUH[LVWLQJGDWDRQOHYHOVRI PDWHULDOZHOOEHLQJLQFOXGLQJYDULDWLRQV LQLWVGLVWULEXWLRQWKURXJKRXWWKHORFDO population measure psycho-social wellbeing through subjective measures that capture people’s H[SHULHQFHRIWKHLUOLYHV 64 The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 3.2 Developing your capacity ,QRUGHUWRHIIHFWLYHO\LPSOHPHQWWKHVXJJHVWLRQV PDGHLQWKHSUHYLRXVVHFWLRQFRXQFLOVZLOOQHHG WREXLOGFDSDFLW\LQPDQ\RIWKHDUHDVRXWOLQHGLQ WKLVUHSRUW%DVHGRQRXUUHVHDUFKZHVXJJHVW DQXPEHURIZD\VWREXLOGFDSDELOLW\DQG FRQ¿GHQFHLQORFDOJRYHUQPHQWLQRUGHUWRKDYH DSRVLWLYHLPSDFWRQSHRSOH¶VZHOOEHLQJ $WWKHFRPPXQLW\OHYHODQGRUJDQLVDWLRQDO OHYHOVWDIIWUDLQLQJKDVDNH\UROHWRSOD\ &RXQFLOVZLOOQHHGWR SURYLGHWUDLQLQJIRUWKHLUVWDIIRQWKHIDFWRUV WKDWSURPRWHZHOOEHLQJLQFOXGLQJVWDII responsible for community engagement 7RHQDEOHHOHFWHGPHPEHUVDQGORFDO authority chief executives to assume the OHDGHUVKLSUROHDUJXHGIRUKHUHLQYHVWPHQWLV QHHGHGWRKHOSSURYLGH WUDLQLQJIRUHOHFWHGPHPEHUVDQGFKLHI executives on how councils can act to promote wellbeing at the population level DQµLQÀXHQFHPDQXDO¶WKDWSURYLGHVHOHFWHG PHPEHUVFRXQFLORI¿FHUVSDUWQHUVDQG FRPPXQLW\JURXSVZLWKWKHNH\DUJXPHQWV DQGOHYHUVWRHOHYDWHZHOOEHLQJWRWKH VWUDWHJLFOHYHORIORFDOJRYHUQPHQW WUDLQVWDIIUHVSRQVLEOHIRUGHYHORSLQJ VWUDWHJLHVDQGLQLWLDWLYHVLQFRPPXQLW\ HQJDJHPHQWWHFKQLTXHV SURYLGHVSHFLDOLVWWUDLQLQJIRU+5PDQDJHUV RQHPSOR\HHZHOOEHLQJ To facilitate the measurement of wellbeing RXWFRPHVWKRVHHPSOR\HGDVFRXQFLO SHUIRUPDQFHDQGLQIRUPDWLRQDQDO\VWVVKRXOG EHHQFRXUDJHGWRJHWXSWRGDWHDGYLFH RQWKHXVHRIVXEMHFWLYHPHDVXUHVDQG LQIRUPDWLRQRQH[LVWLQJZHOOEHLQJLQGLFDWRUV 7RVXSSRUWVHUYLFHGHVLJQDQGFRPPLVVLRQLQJ IRUZHOOEHLQJPRUHLQYHVWPHQWLQLQIRUPDWLRQ DQGHYLGHQFHLVQHHGHG7KLVVKRXOGLQFOXGH VXSSRUWIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHHYLGHQFH EDVHLQUHODWLRQWR SROLFLHVDQGLQWHUYHQWLRQVWKDWHQKDQFH wellbeing examples of best practice from local government to complement those in this report DQDO\VHVRIFRVWHIIHFWLYHQHVVDQGORQJHU WHUPVDYLQJPRGHOVIURPLQYHVWLQJLQDQG FRPPLVVLRQLQJIRUZHOOEHLQJ The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 65 3.3 Finding out more 7KLVUHSRUWLVVXSSRUWHGE\DQXPEHURI H[SHUWFRQWULEXWLRQV7KHVHDUHDYDLODEOH RQOLQHDWZZZLGHDJRYXNZHOOEHLQJ 7KH\LQFOXGH 7KHRULJLQVRIORFDOJRYHUQPHQWDQGSXEOLF KHDOWKE\'U-RKQ$VKWRQ-RLQW'LUHFWRURI 3XEOLF+HDOWKIRU1+6&XPEULD How local government can promote wellbeing through physical activity by $QGUHZ0F&XOORFK&(2RIWKH0HQWDO +HDOWK)RXQGDWLRQ 7KH/RFDO*RYHUQPHQW,PSURYHPHQWDQG 'HYHORSPHQWZHEVLWHZZZORFDOJRYXN improvement has a healthy communities ZHEUHVRXUFHDQGWKLVLQFOXGHVDZHDOWK of information on health improvement at ORFDOJRYHUQPHQWOHYHODQGWDFNOLQJKHDOWK LQHTXDOLWLHV Information on Mental Wellbeing Impact $VVHVVPHQWLVDYDLODEOHDW ZZZKLDJDWHZD\RUJXN 0HQWDOKHDOWKLQHTXDOLWLHVDQGORFDO JRYHUQPHQWE\'U/\QQH)ULHGOL 0HQWDO:HOO%HLQJ,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW a way for people to contribute to GHFLVLRQPDNLQJE\$QWKHD&RRNHDQG /\QQ6QRZGHQ'LUHFWRUVRI,QXNVKXN &RQVXOWDQF\ 5HÀHFWLRQVRQVW&HQWXU\ZHOOEHLQJE\ 0DUFLD%URSK\:HOOEHLQJDQG5HVLOLHQFH 3URJUDPPH/HDGHUDWWKH<RXQJ )RXQGDWLRQ $IRFXVRQZHOOEHLQJLQ0DQFKHVWHUE\6LU 5LFKDUG/HHVH/HDGHURI0DQFKHVWHU&LW\ &RXQFLO Mental health promotion in the current HFRQRPLFFOLPDWHE\0LFKDHO3DUVRQDJH H[7UHDVXU\HFRQRPLVWDQG6HQLRU3ROLF\ $GYLVHUDWWKH6DLQVEXU\&HQWUHIRU0HQWDO +HDOWK 66 The role of local government in promoting wellbeing /RFDO*RYHUQPHQW,PSURYHPHQWDQG 'HYHORSPHQW¶VSUHYLRXVO\,'H$UHSRUWRQ ORFDOJRYHUQPHQW¶VUROHLQDGGUHVVLQJWKH VRFLDOGHWHUPLQDQWVRIKHDOWKLVDWZZZLGHD JRYXNLGNFRUHSDJHGR"SDJH,G 2 7KH1DWLRQDO0HQWDO+HDOWK'HYHORSPHQW 8QLWLVFXUUHQWO\GHYHORSLQJDSUDFWLFDOJXLGH WRFRPPLVVLRQLQJIRUPHQWDOKHDOWKDQG ZHOOEHLQJDFURVVWKH1+6VRFLDOFDUHDQG SXEOLFKHDOWK7KLVLVLQGHYHORSPHQWDQG IXUWKHULQIRUPDWLRQRQLWVSURGXFWLRQDQG SXEOLFDWLRQZLOOEHPDGHRQWKH1+0'8 website (ZZZQPKGXRUJXNZKHUH\RX FDQDOVRVLJQXSWRUHFHLYH10+'8HPDLO EXOOHWLQV Information on the Mental Health )RXQGDWLRQ¶VUHVHDUFKLQWRWKHGULYHUVRI SRVLWLYHPHQWDOKHDOWKDQGWKHULVNIDFWRUVIRU PHQWDOLOOKHDOWKLQFOXGLQJSUDFWLFDOUHVHDUFK SURMHFWVWRLPSURYHZHOOEHLQJLVDWKWWS ZZZPHQWDOKHDOWKRUJXN :RUNE\QHIRQPHDVXULQJORFDOZHOOEHLQJ 1DWLRQDO$FFRXQWVRI:HOOEHLQJDQGWKH)LYH :D\VWR:HOOEHLQJDUHDYDLODEOHDWKWWS QHZHFRQRPLFVRUJSURJUDPPHVZHOOEHLQg ,QIRUPDWLRQRQWKH%LJ6RFLHW\DJHQGDFDQ EHIRXQGDWZZZFDELQHWRI¿FHJRYXN PHGLDEXLOGLQJELJVRFLHW\SGf ,QDGGLWLRQ10+'8KDVEHHQZRUNLQJ ZLWKWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI&HQWUDO/DQFDVKLUH 8&/$1RQDWRRONLWDLPHGDWVXSSRUWLQJ WKH1+6ORFDODXWKRULWLHVDQGWKHLUSDUWQHUV RQSRSXODWLRQPHQWDOKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJ 3ODQVDUHXQGHUZD\IRU8&/$1WRSXEOLVK WKLVZRUNVKRUWO\,QIRUPDWLRQRQWKLVZRUN ZLOODOVREHPDGHDYDLODEOHRQWKH10+'8 ZHEVLWH ,QIRUPDWLRQRQWKH<RXQJ)RXQGDWLRQ¶V /RFDO:HOOEHLQJ3URMHFWLVDWZZZ \RXQJIRXQGDWLRQRUJRXUZRUNQHWZRUNVDQG FROODERUDWLYHVWKHORFDOZHOOEHLQJSURMHFW local-wellbeing-project The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 67 Appendix: The Five Ways to Well-being ,QWKH8.JRYHUQPHQW¶VIXWXUHVWKLQN WDQN)RUHVLJKWFRQGXFWHGDODUJHVFDOH UHYLHZLQWRWKHFXUUHQWVWDWHRINQRZOHGJHRQ µPHQWDOFDSLWDO¶7KHSURMHFWFRPPLVVLRQHG WKHFHQWUHIRUZHOOEHLQJDWQHIWRGHYHORSµ¿YH ways to wellbeing’131 using the information JDWKHUHGIRUWKHUHYLHZDVHWRIHYLGHQFH EDVHGDFWLRQVWRLPSURYHSHUVRQDOZHOOEHLQJ Connect…:LWKWKHSHRSOHDURXQG\RX:LWKIDPLO\IULHQGVFROOHDJXHVDQG QHLJKERXUV$WKRPHZRUNVFKRRORULQ\RXUORFDOFRPPXQLW\7KLQNRIWKHVHDVWKH FRUQHUVWRQHVRI\RXUOLIHDQGLQYHVWWLPHLQGHYHORSLQJWKHP%XLOGLQJWKHVHFRQQHFWLRQV ZLOOVXSSRUWDQGHQULFK\RXHYHU\GD\ Be active…*RIRUDZDONRUUXQ6WHSRXWVLGH&\FOH3OD\DJDPH*DUGHQ'DQFH ([HUFLVLQJPDNHV\RXIHHOJRRG0RVWLPSRUWDQWO\GLVFRYHUDSK\VLFDODFWLYLW\\RXHQMR\ DQGWKDWVXLWV\RXUOHYHORIPRELOLW\DQG¿WQHVV 7DNHQRWLFH«%HFXULRXV&DWFKVLJKWRIWKHEHDXWLIXO5HPDUNRQWKHXQXVXDO 1RWLFHWKHFKDQJLQJVHDVRQV6DYRXUWKHPRPHQWZKHWKHU\RXDUHZDONLQJWRZRUN HDWLQJOXQFKRUWDONLQJWRIULHQGV%HDZDUHRIWKHZRUOGDURXQG\RXDQGZKDW\RXDUH IHHOLQJ5HÀHFWLQJRQ\RXUH[SHULHQFHVZLOOKHOS\RXDSSUHFLDWHZKDWPDWWHUVWR\RX .HHSOHDUQLQJ«7U\VRPHWKLQJQHZ5HGLVFRYHUDQROGLQWHUHVW6LJQXSIRUWKDW FRXUVH7DNHRQDGLIIHUHQWUHVSRQVLELOLW\DWZRUN)L[DELNH/HDUQWRSOD\DQLQVWUXPHQW RUKRZWRFRRN\RXUIDYRXULWHIRRG6HWDFKDOOHQJH\RXZLOOHQMR\DFKLHYLQJ/HDUQLQJQHZ WKLQJVZLOOPDNH\RXPRUHFRQ¿GHQWDVZHOODVEHLQJIXQ *LYH«'RVRPHWKLQJQLFHIRUDIULHQGRUDVWUDQJHU7KDQNVRPHRQH6PLOH9ROXQWHHU \RXUWLPH-RLQDFRPPXQLW\JURXS/RRNRXWDVZHOODVLQ6HHLQJ\RXUVHOIDQG\RXU KDSSLQHVVOLQNHGWRWKHZLGHUFRPPXQLW\FDQEHLQFUHGLEO\UHZDUGLQJDQGFUHDWHV FRQQHFWLRQVZLWKWKHSHRSOHDURXQG\RX 131 ZZZQHZHFRQRPLFVRUJSURMHFWV¿YHZD\VZHOOEHLQg (146HS 68 The role of local government in promoting wellbeing The role of local government in promoting wellbeing 69 Local Government Improvement and Development /D\GHQ+RXVH ±7XUQPLOO6WUHHW /RQGRQ(&0/* 7HOHSKRQH )DFVLPLOH (PDLOLQIR#ORFDOJRYXN ZZZORFDOJRYXN /RFDO*RYHUQPHQW,PSURYHPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQW1RYHPEHU )RUDFRS\LQ%UDLOOH:HOVKODUJHUSULQWRUDXGLR SOHDVHFRQWDFWXVRQ :HFRQVLGHUUHTXHVWVRQDQLQGLYLGXDOEDVLV /
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz