THE A M E R I C A N SOCIETY OF A N I M A L P R O D U C T I O N
281
per hour, horsepower hours required to grind 100 pounds of
feed, and the power cost to grind 100 pounds. These costs relate only to l=ower and do not include man labor or charges
concerned with the investment in, or depreciation of, the
feed grinder.
TABLE 4 . - - C O S T OF POWER FOR ~RINDING WITH A HAMMER TYPE FEED
1VIILL.
i
'I
Barle$
I
I
Corn
Size of screen perforations, inch ...1 ~r I ~ I ~
~511 ~ ii ~/z
Fineness modulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 1 . 9 9 1 3 . 2 7 1 3 . 7 8 1:6
2.26 3.09
Pounds per hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I 976 [ 3536 q4170 I 1525 [ 2770 I 4203
Horsepower hours per 100 pounds .[ 1.62[ 0.46[ 0.28[ 1.06[ 0.551 0.28
Power cost per 100 Ibs., cents* . . . . . I 8.10 [ 2.28 q 1.40 [ 5.32 [ 2.76 I 1.42
* Powt!r ('ost ealr
a farm size hammer
type
at five eenls
f*,ed m i l l .
l)er h o r s e p o w e r
hOlll" v . ' h c n
I.Isi]fl~-~
Summary
In no case where grain needed to be ground did the finer
grinding prove the best. This finding is even more significant
in view of the extra cost of fine grinding.
CORN AND TANKAGE, AN INCOMPLETE RATION
FOR G R O W I N G - - F A T T E N I N G SWINE
E. B. POWELL
Purina Experimental Farm
Three hundred head of Duroc Jersey pigs bred and reared
at our experimental f a r m at Gray Summit, Missouri, were divided as uniformly as practical among 12 different experimental lots. Special care was taken to divide litter mates
among the different pens, sex, quality and blood lines were
also considered. Two pens of 25 shoats each were placed on
self-feeders containing tankage and number 2 yellow corn.
The t a n k a g e was blended by combining, in equal amounts, five
different popular commercial brands. Although these shoats
were confined to concrete lots, and in open shed, t h e y received
ample sunshine and fresh water at all times. The other 10 pens
of shoats were placed on different combinations of protein
carriers. Among these was the Trio Mixture as well as more
complex rations. The shoats averaged 52 pounds per head
when started on test on July 8.
282 THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION
The trouble f i r s t began to appear on August 23 and was
confined to the two pens receiving t a n k a g e as their supplement. See Fig. 1. A complete analysis of the tankage showed
it to contain 59.47 per cent protein, 19.95 per cent ash, of
which 3.28 per cent was phosphorus, 5.90 per cent calcium, .04
per cent iron, and .005 per cent fluorine. These shoats displayed a good appetite t h r o u g h o u t the test, but by October 24 there
were only 10 individuals in the two pens t h a t were not affect-
F i g . 1. C o n d i t i o n o f p i g f e d c o r n a n d t a n k a g e
on c o n c r e t e .
Such pigs
w e r e u n a b l e t o h a n d l e t h e i r l e g s n o r m a l l y , t h o t h e y s e e m e d to e x p e r i e n c e
no p a i n .
ed in some way, some to a much more marked degree t h a n
others. These shoats consumed .68 pound of tankage along
with 3.53 pounds of corn per head per day t h r o u g h o u t
the experiment and made an average daily gain of 1.26 pounds.
A f t e r the trouble began to get very severe, the shoats were
turned out on sudan grass pasture, but the c h a n g e caused no
improvement. Some of the typical individuals were slaughtered. Their bones contained from 33.3 to 44.6 per cent of
ash, while the bones of apparently normal pig f r o m other lots
contained from 49.7 to 56.2 per cent of ash. See Fig. 2.
The affected hogs were found to contain large pockets of
liquid apparently joint oil about the joints. In no case did we
find litter mates to these affected hogs t h a t showed any such
THE
AMERICAN
SOCIETY
OF
ANIMAL
PRODUCTION
283
trouble on any other rations. During the progress of this
experiment it was suggested that these hogs might need a
better balance of mineral than they were securing from the
tankage. At that time a complex commercial mineral mixture
was placed before one pen. No beneficial results were secured.
F i g . 2. l C a d i o g r a p h of b o n e o f 7 - m o n t h s old p i g f e d c o r n a n d t a n k a g e
o n c o n c r e t e . T h i s b o n e c o n t a i n e d 33 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l a s h c o m p a r e d w i t h
56 p e r c e n t in t h e b o n e of a n o r m a l pig" o f the. s a m e a g e .
J u s t recently biologically tested cod liver oil, at 1 per cent of
the total ration, has been added with no visable improvement
up to the present time, but no more analyses have been made.
Since litter mates to these hogs on this supplement did not
show similar trouble, and since this was so prevalent in the
pens receiving tankage as the sole supplement, there evidently
is a direct relation between tankage and this trouble.
N I T R O G E N B A L A N C E IN HOGS F E D COTTONSEED
MEAL
W.
S. RICE
Georgia State College
Within recent years cottonseed meal has grown in f a v o r as
a part of the p r o t e i n supplement in hog feeding. Many hog
feeders are today replacing half of the tankage in the ration
with cottonseed meal. This is considered safe and economical.
This paper deals with the results of an experiment which had
as its purpose a s t u d y of the comparative nutritive value of
protein in hog rations in which varying amounts of cottonseed
meal replaced tankage as the protein supplement.