BIOL 1114
FINAL EXAM (No Star Form)
10 December 2001
Use a # 2 pencil to fill in the information portion of your NCS answer sheet including the appropriate circles (bubbles).
Write “No Star” on your NCS answer sheet. Read all questions and answers carefully before choosing the single BEST
response for each question. Feel free to ask the instructor for clarification.
Use the following information to answer the next 23 questions
After swimming lessons for Nathan and water safety/life saving lessons for Zeke, the fearless duo decided to try their
hand at fishing in the much warmer waters of west Texas, where Zeke’s brother, Artie, owns a cattle ranch. Zeke is
interested to learn that cattle on Artie’s ranch graze native pastures in which ponds have been built as a water supply. In
hard times, Artie supplements the cattle’s diet with other feeds such as hay or commercially available cattle feed, which
usually contains grain. There is a creek running through Artie’s ranch that flows into a recreational reservoir in the next
county.
On a fine June morning, Zeke gathers up tackle, including grasshoppers for fish bait, a modest lunch of BBQ brisket, corn
chips, dill pickles, and iced tea, plus hats/sunscreen (to protect Zeke’s and Nathan’s fair Minnesota skin). When all
supplies are gathered, father and son head out from the house to the nearest pond for a day’s fishing.
The pond covers about ¼ Acre, and is 16 feet deep in the center. Water in the pond is not clear, but there is no foul
smell, and aquatic plants and algae are floating sparingly on the surface. Many small gas bubbles are apparent on the
submerged plant leaves and algae clumps. Fish occasionally surface to eat a floating insect or plant material. Mature
bullfrogs and tadpoles are visible from the pond’s banks. It is a pleasant place and both Nathan and Zeke are content to
be there, fishing and talking about frogs.
1. When Nathan asks about the bubbles, Zeke correctly informs him that the bubbles are _______, produced in ______.
a) oxygen; the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis
b) carbon dioxide; the light independent reactions of photosynthesis (Calvin cycle)
c) oxygen; cellular respiration
d) carbon dioxide; chloroplasts
e) oxygen; mitochondria
2. Nathan’s first fish (a perch) is 3 times the size of Zeke’s perch. Which of the following is true about the surface area
to volume ratio of these perch?
a) The larger perch has a larger surface area to volume ratio.
b) The smaller perch has a smaller surface area to volume ratio.
c) The larger perch has a smaller surface area to volume ratio.
d) The smaller perch has same surface area to volume ratio as the larger perch.
3. Nathan’s perch is big enough to keep, but Zeke tosses his back into the pond. Zeke’s perch will continue to live and
grow because:
a) Dissolved oxygen in the pond water will provide electrons to run photosynthesis in a perch.
b) Dissolved oxygen in the pond water will provide an electron acceptor for the electron transport chain in perch
mitochondria.
c) Carbon dioxide in the water is broken down to make glucose in perch mitochondria.
d) Glucose is broken down in the water to provide oxygen for the perch.
e) All of these (a-d) are true.
4. As Zeke’s perch grows, its body will become larger through the addition of _____ cells through the process of _____.
a) genetically identical; mitosis
b) genetically different; mitosis
c) genetically identical; meiosis
d) genetically different; meiosis
e) both a) and b)
5. Zeke’s perch may also live to reproduce. If it does, it must produce gametes (eggs or sperm depending on whether it
is male or female). In this process called ___________, _____________cells will be produced from _________ cells.
a) mitosis; diploid; diploid
b) mitosis; haploid; diploid
d) meiosis; haploid; diploid
c) meiosis; diploid; haploid
e) both a) and b)
6. To make more fish cells, each cell’s entire DNA must be copied before dividing. This process involves __________.
a) replication (synthesis)
b) reproduction
c) transcription
d) translation
e) genetic isolation
7. Perch are poikilotherms (ectotherms). As the pond water warms during the day, which one or more of the following
could you correctly predict to happen?
a) perch metabolic rate will go up
b) perch metabolic rate will go down
c) oxygen consumption by perch will go up
d) oxygen production by perch will go down
e) both a) and c)
Zeke explains to Nathan that if they return to the pond on an August night, they will find much warmer water, much more
plant/algae production and perhaps the foul smell of anaerobic metabolism by bacteria, accompanied by nighttime anoxia
of the water.
8. Nighttime anoxia is caused by:
a) bacteria (decomposers) using oxygen in cellular respiration
b) fish using oxygen in cellular respiration
c) algae using oxygen in cellular respiration
d) algae using carbon dioxide in photosynthesis
e) a), b) and c) are correct
9. Cattle waste is partially to blame for anoxia because:
a) nutrient rich runoff from pastures increases oxygen demand by populations of decomposers in the pond
b) nutrient rich runoff from pastures increases oxygen demand by populations of algae in the pond
c) it contributes to eutrophication of the pond
d) all of the above (a,b,and c)
e) b) and c) only
When Artie arrives to share the BBQ brisket for lunch, he tells Zeke that a neighbor has been having problems with a
species of algae that produces a chemical causing paralysis (no muscle contractions) in perch.
10. As a BIOL 1114 student, you would correctly inform Artie and Zeke that paralysis might occur if the chemical has one
or more of the following actions:
a) inhibits sodium/potassium pumps in neurons
b) blocks acetylcholine receptors in neurons
c) inhibits acetylcholinesterase in synapses
d) mimics acetylcholine in synapses
e) both a) and b)
11. The glucose and other compounds derived from the BBQ brisket Artie is consuming will eventually provide energy
(ATP) for which one or more of the following structures to move ions in neurons?
a) sodium channels
c) sodium/potassium pumps
e) both b) and c)
b) potassium channels
d) both a) and b)
12. The muscle fibers in BBQ brisket used to be functioning cells containing structural proteins for contraction. Those
proteins were synthesized during ____________ using instructions (code) contained in ______________.
a) transcription; DNA
b) translation;
mRNA
c) replication;
DNA
d) translation;
amino acids
e) codons;
DNA
Artie’s other bit of news during lunch is that his neighbor just had a baby who is an albino (autosomal recessive trait).
Since neither parent is an albino, Artie thinks there might be more to the story.
13. What is the best hypothesis to explain the birth of an albino baby to normal parents?
a) Both parents are homozygous recessive for albinism.
b) Both parents are homozygous dominant for albinism.
c) Both parents are heterozygous for albinism.
d) The baby mutated to become an albino while the mother was sunbathing by the pond.
e) There is no good hypothesis to explain the birth.
While Artie and Zeke are discussing albinism, Nathan busies himself with tadpoles. Using the gallon jar that once
contained iced tea, Nathan establishes a population of 35 tadpoles in a gallon of water. He also puts a tadpole into the
pickle jar containing pickle juice. Artie observes Nathan playing with tadpoles and tells him about the biologists who
studied frogs and tadpoles in that pond for the past several years. A long term census of frogs yielded the following
information:
number of frogs June 2001: 50
predicted growth rate of a Texas pond frog population r = 0.2 frog/frog/year
14.What would an exponential population growth model predict for population size in the pond in June 2002?
a) 10 frogs
b) 20 frogs
c) 50 frogs
d) 60 frogs
e) 100 frogs
15.The predicted frog population growth increment (G) in the pond for June 2001-June 2002 would be:
a) 0.2 frogs
b) 10 frogs
c) 20 frogs
d) 50 frogs
e) 60 frogs
16.Tadpole population density in the iced tea jar is:
a) 35 tadpoles
b) 50 tadpoles
c) 35 tadpoles/gallon
d) 50 tadpoles/gallon
e) both a) and c)
17.Which one or more of the following could influence the spread of disease in a frog population?
a) Availability and quality of food.
b) The frog population density.
c) Genetic diversity within the frog population.
d) All of the above (a-c) could influence the spread of disease in the frog population.
e) None of the above could influence the spread of disease in the frog population.
18. The tadpole that Nathan placed in the pickle jar (If you recall, Nathan did this to a leech while ice-fishing in Minnesota)
finds itself in quite a pickle because its cells are not permeable to salt but they are permeable to water and pickle juice
contains more salt than found inside the tadpole’s cells. Which one or more of the following would you correctly
predict to occur in the cells of the tadpole?
a) Water moves into the tadpole by osmosis, and the tadpole shrinks.
b) Water moves out of the tadpole by osmosis, and the tadpole shrinks.
c) Water moves out of the tadpole by osmosis and the tadpole swells.
d) Water moves into the tadpole by osmosis, and the tadpole swells.
e) Both a) and c) will occur.
19. The pickles that were eaten for lunch by Nathan and Zeke appear green to us because
a) Green wavelengths of light are absorbed by the pickle.
b) Red wavelengths of light are reflected by the pickle.
c) Green wavelengths of light are reflected by the pickle.
d) They were covered with tadpole slime.
20. Pickles are made from cucumbers and prior to being harvested the cucumbers grew on leafy green vines. In order for
the cucumber plants to perform photosynthesis they needed all of the following except ________.
c) CO2
d) Oxygen
e) sunlight
a) chloroplast
b) H2O
21. In order for the cucumber plants to perform cellular respiration they needed all of the following except _____.
a) ATP
b) mitochondria
c) CO2
d) Oxygen
e) glucose
22. A cucumber plant contains a large amount of carbon. You would correctly predict that the source of carbon in the
plant was ___________.
a) glucose that had been broken down in the light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)
b) glucose that had been broken down in the light dependent reactions
c) atmospheric carbon that was fixed in cellular respiration
d) atmospheric carbon that was fixed in the light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)
e) starch absorbed from the soil by the roots of the vine.
23. Nathan finds that he is very interested in tadpoles and how they metamorphose into frogs. He is considering
conducting experiments with tadpoles for use as his science project next semester. One idea he has involves feeding
different groups of tadpoles diets that vary in amount of protein to examine the effect of diet on weight gain. The best
way for Nathan to plot the data from this experiment would be ________ on the X-axis and ________ on the Y-axis.
a) tadpole weight;
amount of protein
b) time of day;
tadpole weight
c) amount of protein;
tadpole weight
d)Any one of the above would illustrate the effect of diet on weight gain.
The following represents a portion of a protein --- met-arg-ser-gly ---. (use this for the next two questions)
24. How many nucleotides were transcribed to produce the given portion of the protein?
a) 4
b) 6
c) 8
d) 12 e) 24
25. How many amino acids does the given portion of the protein contain?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
e) 12
26. How many of the following are involved in the development of antibiotic resistance in a bacterial population?
• mutations in DNA of the bacteria in the popualtion
• improper use of antibiotics by people in contact with the bacterial population
• natural selection working on the bacterial population
• genetic variation within the bacterial population
• evolution of bacteria in the population
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
27. A flock of wild turkeys inhabits a wooded area near my home. Last year a study determined that 35 turkeys lived in
the 100 acre woods and this year the population size was determined to be 50 turkeys. If the carrying capacity (K) for
the 100 acre woods is 60 turkeys and no density independent control factors influence the population you would
correctly predict that over the next few years the population would ________.
a) decrease by 20 turkeys
b) stabilize at 48 turkeys
c) increase more slowly than in the first year of the study
d) increase until population density was 1 turkey /acre.
28. GIVEN the original sequence of a template strand of DNA as --- TAC GCG TGG ATT, which of the following strands
of DNA that mutated from the original, would represent the greatest change in protein product?
a) TAC GCT TGG ATT
c) TAC TCC TGG ACT e) TAC ATT TGG ACT
b) TAC TCC TGG ATT
d) TAC GCG TGG ACT
29. In a lab experiment you shine UV light on bacterial cells. If a mutation occurs in one of the bacterial cells, it could
directly or indirectly affect which one or more of the following?
a) sequence of amino acids in a protein
b) sequence of bases in mRNA
c) sequence of bases in DNA
d) the function of a protein
e) All of the above could be affected.
When silk moths (Hyalophora cecropia) are wounded or injected with some types of bacteria, the moths produce small
proteins, called cecropins, that kill bacteria.
30. Cecropin production and secretion requires __________________.
a) mRNA
b) ribosomes c) membranes d) Golgi bodies
e) all of these (a-d)
31. A healthy silk moth population with no bacterial infections over several generations has the following proportions of
moth types: 25% cecropin-R only, 25% cecropin-S only, and 50% cecropins R and S. Following several generations
of chronic bacterial infection, the population is 20% cecropin-R only, 5% cecropin-S only, and 75% cecropins R and S.
You would correctly hypothesize which one or more of the following?
a) In the presence of bacterial infections, natural selection favors moths that produce both cecropin-R and cecropinS.
b) In moths that can produce only one type of cecropin, cecropin-R is a more effective antibotic than cecropin-S.
c) Homozygous moths are at a disadvantage compared to heterozygous moths.
d) Homozygous cecropin-R moths are at an advantage compared to homozygous cecropin-S moths.
e) All of these hypotheses (a-d) are consistent with the data provided.
32. Jake’s dog Cueball became ill last winter when Jake had the flu. Jake figures that he coughed on the dog and that’s
why his dog became ill. You would reasonably and correctly hypothesize that Jake’s dog _______________.
a) might have caught flu from Jake if Cueball was susceptible to the strain Jake had
b) might have become ill from the effects of another pathogen
c) mutated because Jake coughed on him
d) is less healthy than Jake
e) (a) and (b) are both reasonable hypotheses
33. The correct sequence involved in production and secretion of a digestive enzyme is _____________.
a) mRNA - DNA - Golgi bodies - ribosome - exocytosis
b) exocytosis - Golgi bodies - mRNA - DNA - ribosome
c) DNA - mRNA - ribosome - Golgi bodies - exocytosis
d) ribosome - DNA - mRNA - Golgi bodies - exocytosis
e) DNA - mRNA - Golgi bodies - ribosome - exocytosis
34. A number of antibiotics, such as streptomycin, act by blocking protein synthesis in bacteria. They also block protein
synthesis within mitochondria and chloroplasts. They do not interfere with protein synthesis in the cytoplasm of
eukaryotes, such as plants and animals. These observations offer supporting evidence for which one or more of the
following statements?
a) Bacteria have some close similarities to mitochondria and chloroplasts.
b) RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum) is found in chloroplasts and mitochondria.
c) Protein synthesis in bacteria is similar to protein synthesis in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
d) Bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts have completely different mechanisms of protein synthesis.
e) (a) and (c) are both supported by the observations described.
35. At Immunogenetix Corporation, researchers are designing new vaccines to inoculate people so that they mount a
rapid immune defense against known bacteria that cause diseases. To make the new vaccines, the researchers are
making synthetic antigens that mimic the natural antigens associated with the disease. You would correctly predict
that the synthetic antigens are shaped like _______________.
a) B-cell antibodies
d) mitochondria
b) memory cell membranes
e) phagocytic vacuoles
c) molecules (structures) on the pathogenic bacterial cell surface
36. The ability for an adult to mount a rapid defense against a viral infection that is similar to an infection experienced in
childhood involves which one or more of the following?
a) B-cell activation
b) antibody production
c) memory cells
d) protein synthesis e) all of these (a-d)
37. Calamity Jane and her friend Ann Thrax emerged from a battlefield biowarfare incident with depressed immune
systems. As chief surgeon of the field hospital you would correctly predict that their immune systems were specifically
depressed because of ___________.
a) normal intestinal bacteria
b) nerve gas
c) cell mitosis inhibitors
d) antigens
e) mutations
Metabolic Rate (Kcal/day)
38.Which of the following graphs of body temperature v. environmental temperature would you predict for the animal
represented by figure 1?
Figure 1
6
5
Thermal Neutral
Zone
4
3
2
1
Lower
Critical
Temperature
Upper
Critical
Temperature
0
Cold
Cooler
Cool
Warm Warmer
Hot
Environmental Temperature
40
Body Temperature
Body Temperature
40
20
a)
0
Cooler Cool
Warm Warmer
Environmental Temperature
Hot
Cold
Cooler
Cool
Warm Warmer
Environmental Temperature
Hot
40
Body Temperature
Body Temperature
40
20
c)
Cold
Hot
Cooler
Cool
Warm Warmer
Environmental Temperature
Hot
24
22
e)
20
Cold
20
d)
0
Cooler
Cool
Warm Warmer
Environmental Temperature
26
Body Temperature
b)
30
Cold
0
35
Cold
Cooler
Cool
Warm Warmer
Environmental Temperature
Hot
39.Sea spiders (not really spiders at all but they do live in the sea) have bodies in which no nutrient has to travel very far
from the skin into the center of a body part, and no waste product has to travel very far from the center of a body part out
to the skin of the body. You would correctly predict that the sea spider has a_____.
a) large body volume and a large surface area
b) very small eyes
c) large body volume and a small surface area
d) small surface area to volume ratio
e) large surface area to volume ratio
40. In mitochondria, which one or more of the following will stop or slow down if electron carriers (such as, NADH or
FADH2) are not available in the matrix to donate electrons to the electron transport system?
a) Active transport of protons (H+)
b) ATP synthesis
c) Proton transfer across the inner mitochondrial membrane
d) Water formation at the end of the electron transport chain.
e) All of the above.
41. It is advantageous to propagate a crop asexually rather than sexually in order to __________________.
a) preserve desired traits
d) multiply the chromosome number
b) increase the mutation rate
e) change the universal genetic code
c) increase the genetic diversity
42. On the train to Hogwarts’, Harry Potter and Ron Weasley eat chocolate frogs and Bertie Bott’s Every Flavor Beans
(basically jellybeans which may taste like anything, from spinach to cinnamon to earwax). Harry is quite thin even
though he eats lots of food and has eaten an amazing amount of candy on the train. We would correctly predict that
he produces large amounts of ____.
a) leptin
b) adipose tissue
c) thyroxin
d) antibodies
e) chlorophyll a
43. Because the company that runs the train is quite concerned about global warming, _______ monitors have been
installed in the passenger section of the train and in Harry and Ron’s compartment the concentrations _____ as the
boys eat their way to Hogwarts’. The more chocolate they eat, the more excited Harry and Ron become, bouncing up
and down on the seats, shouting more and more clever remarks to each other and falling off the seats laughing.
a) oxygen
increase
b) carbon dioxide decrease
c) phosphorus
decrease
d) oxygen
stay the same
e) carbon dioxide increase
44. A scientist wizard wants to know the effect of eating candy on metabolic rate. She finds 9 Hogwarts’ students who are
happy to participate in her study. She asks one group of 3 to eat 2 chocolate owls each, one group to eat 5 each, and
one group to eat 8 owls each. She records each student’s metabolic rate over 3 hours and calculates the average
metabolic rate for that period of time. She analyzes her data by graphing ________, the independent (manipulated)
variable on the ____ axis and________, the dependent (response) variable on the ____ axis.
a) metabolic rate, X
number of chocolate owls, Y
b) metabolic rate, Y
number of chocolate owls, X
c) time, X
metabolic rate, Y
d) number of chocolate owls, X
metabolic rate, Y
e) number of students in group, X number of chocolate owls, Y
45. Hermione Grainger, also a student at Hogwarts’, is working on a carnivorous plant project with the same wizard. The
plants she is growing and studying are green and have large flat leaves that come together on either side of the prey
and stick together until the animal is digested. Then the leaves open again to catch more prey. You would correctly
predict that, in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, these plants consume____ and produce ______.
a) protein
carbon dioxide
b) carbon dioxide glucose
c) oxygen
carbon dioxide
d) amino acids
oxygen
e) glucose
oxygen
46. The animal protein in the prey that the plants in the previous question trap and digest supplies _____ to the plant.
a) oxygen
b) nitrogen
c) fats
d) mRNA
e) chlorophyll
47. Professor Dumbledore at Hogwarts’ is very overweight. He goes on diets all the time (and almost never eats either
chocolate owls or carnivorous plant greens with pepper sauce), but he does not lose weight easily. His parents both
produced normal concentrations of leptin. If professor Dumbledore is homozygous recessive for the leptin allele, we
might correctly predict that his mother was ______ for this allele and his father was ________.
a) heterozygous
homozygous recessive
b) homozygous dominant homozygous recessive
c) heterozygous
heterozygous
d) homozygous recessive homozygous dominant
48. A lake on the grounds of Hogwarts’ School for Wizards contains rooted aquatic plants, algae, herbivorous insects and
water fleas, and carnivorous fish. Kingfishers and eagles (fish-eating birds) hover over the lake and along the shore. An
evil wizard has threatened to dump a heavy metal, such as lead, into the lake to poison it. Efforts are being made to
thwart the evil wizard and his plans for the lake. Professor Dumbledore correctly predicts that if the evil wizard is not
stopped, they will find the highest concentration of heavy metal in cells/tissues of ___________.
a) kingfishers and eagles
a) fish
b) insects
c) water fleas
d) algae
Use the following information for the NEXT 10 QUESTIONS.
The Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean are of volcanic origin, about 3,000 miles from the nearest continental land
mass (Mexico) and 4,500 miles from Asia, but the islands are within tens to hundreds of miles from each other. These
tropical islands are noted for their great biological diversity, including many species of plants and animals found nowhere
else on Earth. Suppose that a new island forms on average every 100,000 years, and that by chance a new one
happened to appear last year. Like a dutiful scientist, Dr. Opportune applied for and received a research grant to study
the ecology of this new island (named Waui) for the first five years (and, he hopes, he will get more funding to continue
the study for many more years). Within weeks of Waui’s emergence from the ocean, it was cool enough to walk on, and
Dr. Opportune surveyed the hard, barren lava rock.
49. The great diversity of unique species found in the Hawaiian Islands today is best explained by ____________.
a) heterotrophy
b) adaptive radiation
c) homeothermy
d) the founder effect
e) both (a) and (d)
50. Which one of the following would he expect to find as the first SUCCESSFUL colonizer on Waui?
a) iguanas
b) Galapagos tortoises
c) algae
d) seed-eating birds
e) deeply-rooted trees
51.Which one or more of the following are possible sources for new species to arrive on Waui?
a) wind and ocean currents
d) Asia and North America
b) neighboring Hawaiian islands
e) all of these (a-d)
c) organisms carried by human visitors
52.Dr. Opportune’s ability to SEE plants and animals on Waui involves which one or more of the following?
a) resting potential in axons
b) varying reflection of light by plants, animals and lava rock
c) absorption of light by pigments in his retina cells
d) action potentials in his rod and cone cells
e) all of these (a-d)
Use this and the preceding information for the NEXT 6 QUESTIONS.
Dr. Opportune decides to speed colonization by planting prickly-pear cactus (Opuntia sp.) on Waui in experimental plots.
He conducts two experiments. He breaks off 20 single pads (cactus segments) from a large INDIVIDUAL plant from his
rock garden in Honolulu. He transplants 10 of the pads elsewhere in his garden, and 10 on Waui. He puts fertilizer on 5
pads in each location twice per year, and the other 5 pads in each location are not fertilized. He monitors the growth rate
of all the pads at frequent intervals over 5 years.
53.Dr. Opportune designed a(n) __________________ experiment.
a) observational
b) controlled
c) uncontrolled
d) mutation
e) both (c) and (d)
54.Which one or more of the following is/are the independent (experimental or manipulated) variable(s) in Dr. Opportune’s
experiments?
a) fertilizer
d) both (a) and (c)
b) growth rate
e) (a), (b) and (c) are all independent (experimental) variables
c) location (garden vs. Waui)
55. Dr. Opportune’s prickly pear pads that do not receive fertilizer are maintained ________________.
a) as food for all the herbivores that probably inhabit Waui.
b) as a control to determine if fertilizer really has an effect on cactus growth.
c) because he wants to avoid eutrophication on Waui.
d) to prove that autotrophs such as prickly pear cactus do not require fertilizer.
e) for no good reason; he could omit that treatment without affecting the experiment.
56. The 20 cactus pads planted by Dr. Opportune are _____________.
a) genetically identical
b) genetically different
c) produced by the original plant in his garden by meiosis
d) both (a) and (c)
e) both (b) and (c)
57. After 3 years, Dr. Opportune observed that some of his transplanted cactus plants produced flowers and seeds that
later sprouted into independent cactus plants. In year 5 of his research, Dr. Opportune notices a white flower on one of
the prickly pears, whereas all the others on Waui (and elsewhere in the world) have yellow flowers. The white flowered
plant is white rather than yellow because of ______________.
a) adaptive radiation
b) the founder effect
c) mutation
d) mitosis
e) all of these (a-d)
58. Dr. Opportune uses the appearance of the white-flowered cactus to obtain more research funding. He carefully
crosses the white-flowered cactus with 5 different yellow-flowered cacti and obtains a total of 45 yellow offspring (F1). He
then crosses 5 of the yellow offspring (F1) cacti with the original white cactus and obtains the following results: 27 white,
22 yellow. Interpret these results.
a) White is dominant to yellow.
d) Mutation favors yellow flowers.
b) Yellow is dominant to white.
e) Both (c) and (d).
c) White and yellow are codominant.
Use the following information to answer the next 5 questions.
Tony Tourniquet is using mice to study the process of tissue healing after injury. The healing process is known to involve
the stimulation of cell division in the wound area. Tony has found that a protein hormone stimulates cell division in the
wound area. Furthermore, this is the only hormone necessary for this part of the healing process and he is excited that
this could be used to speed patient recovery. He calls the hormone “Proliferin”. His co-workers have discovered a
mutation that results in the loss of the ability of damaged tissue to heal in the true-breeding (homozygous) mutant mouse
line called ’Wounded’.
59.Tony correctly hypthesizes that the mutation in Wounded is located in a gene that encodes:
a) Proliferin
b) the meiosis regulatory factor
c) a key enzyme involved in respiration
d) the receptor for Proliferin
e) either (a) or (d) are reasonable hypotheses
60.When a true-breeding (homozygous) Wounded mouse is crossed with an apparently normal mouse, offspring include
both normal mice and mice with the Wounded phenotype. From this observation Tony would correctly predict that:
a) the Wounded allele was healed
b) the Wounded allele is recessive
c) B cells have been restored
d) the Wounded allele is dominant
e) antibody production was necessary for wound healing
61.A more detailed numerical analysis of the offspring in the previous question (F1 generation) showed that
approximately half the offspring in the F1 generation have a normal phenotype and half have the Wounded phenotype.
Based upon this Tony concluded that the normal line of mice was:
a) diploid
b) containing a recessive allele for the Wounded phenotype
c) heterozygous
d) fertile
e)all of the above
62.How could Tony test whether or not his hypothesis that the mutant allele underlying the Wounded phenotype is in fact
encoding a nonfunctional form of Proliferin?
a) measure the production of carbon dioxide during transcription
b) determine the surface area to volume ratio of the Proliferin DNA
c) analyze and compare the amino acid sequences of the mutant and normal proliferin proteins
d) treat injuries in the Wounded mice with Proliferin
e) both (c) and (d) would be good tests
63.Tony begins to test his ideas with cloned normal mouse cells that are grown in a test tube, which is a common
research practice. He finds that treatment of the cells with Proliferin cause them to divide and grow more rapidly. He also
finds that a certain chemical in a plant extract specifically blocks (antagonizes) the action of Proliferin. Among the
following hypotheses, which is most likely to be correct about the plant extract chemical:
a) it binds to and blocks a Proliferin receptor
b) it increases membrane permeability
c) it promotes the repair of the mutant gene
d) it makes more energy available through respiration
e) it stimulates membrane fusion
64.Like all darters, duskytailed darters are small fish that live in clear, well oxygenated streams. Males are typically
brightly-colored during breeding season. Although they are being bred in hatcheries to aid in efforts to save this
endangered species, their courtship activities are not well known. Males fight among themselves for breeding territories
on slate tiles. The number of eggs on each tile indicates that males can successfully attract more than one female.
Scientists observed male darters and collected the following data on 5 different sets of males
Tail length
1 cm
1.2 cm
1.3 cm
1.5 cm
1.8 cm
Number of eggs in nest
12
40
35
28
33
Fish eye iris color intensity
Number of eggs in nest
Very pale
16
Pale
22
Bright
18
Brighter
50
brightest
33
Intensity of colored dots on spines
Number of eggs in nest
Very pale
22
Pale
28
Bright
35
Brighter
55
brightest
72
Jaw length
Number of eggs in nest
.5 cm
21
.52cm
29
.54cm
25
.56 cm
31
.58 cm
28
Head width
Number of eggs in nest
.8 cm
28
.9 cm
22
1.0 cm
54
1.1 cm
38
1.2 cm
24
65.Which characteristic would be the one females are most likely to use in choosing males?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
tail length
fish eye iris color intensity
intensity of colored dots on spines
jaw length
head width
66.Which of the following hypotheses concerning a trait that was the subject of sexual selection would be most consistent
with the good genes hypothesis (characteristic is a direct measure of some genetically based factor that leads to greater
survival).
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Males with the characteristic die earlier.
Males with the characteristic take risks more often.
Males with the characteristic have better immune systems.
Males with the characteristic are more attractive to female mimics.
Males with the characteristic mate less often.
67.In some streams, the darters are more brightly colored than in others. Which of the following might explain this
correctly?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Brightly colored darters are more common in streams with more predators
Female darters find the brightly colored males less attractive
Female darters lack color vision
Increased N & P lead to lower light levels penetrating the water
Increased CO2 in the water makes visibility better.
68.There is some evidence for leptin receptors in fish. If darter males produced more leptin than females, this might result
in
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
males having lower metabolic rates.
males being less active on sunny days.
males being less active because of decreased thyroxin production.
males being more active and better able to defend territories.
males wasting away early in the spring before they breed.
69.If sexual selection alone is at work in the evolution of a characteristic, then the characteristic
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
results in greater numbers of surviving offspring by those that possess it.
is never found in females.
is on the Y chromosome.
results in greater survival by those that possess it.
is found in females only.
70.A new strain of overweight mouse, paunchy, has been discovered. Which of the following would indicate that the
cause was a lack of leptin production and not a lack of leptin receptors?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Paunchy mice injected with leptin gain weight.
Paunchy mice injected with leptin have lower thyroxin levels.
Paunchy mice injected with leptin have higher thyroxin levels.
Paunchy mice injected with leptin have lower metabolic rates
Paunchy mice injected with leptin eat more.