CONFIDENTIAL
UNIVERSITI PENOIOIKAN SULTAN lORIS
FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER 2 SESSION 2015/2016
CODE:
SFT1023
COURSE
DATE:
0 4 MAR 2016
DURATION: 2 HOURS
:
INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION
AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
INSTRUCTIONS
question paper consists of TWO parts: Part A and Part B.
Part A consists of THIRTY (30) multiple choice questions. Answer ALL
1. This
2.
questions by
the correct space on the OMR sheet given. Please use 2B pencil.
Part B consists of SIX(6) subjective questions. Answer ANY FOU� (4) questions in the
darkening
3.
answer
4. This
This
booklet
question
provided.
paper will be collected at the end of the examination.
printed pages including front page
and appendix
question paper consists
of 13
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PROGRAMME:
YEAR:
GROUP:
REGISTRATION NO:
IDENTITY CARD NO
LECTURER:
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HAJI SHAHARUDIN BIN ALI
PROF MADYA DR. SURIANI BINTI HAJI ABU BAKAR
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO 50
SFTl023 INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
PART A:
(30 x
1.5
=
45
2
MARKS)
Instructions:
This section consists
question, choose the
30
of
best
multiple
answer.
choice questions. Answer all
Please
darkening your
answer on
questions.
the OMR
For each
answer
sheet
given.
1.
2.
Which of the
following types of radiation has the shortest wavelength?
A.
Ultraviolet
B.
X-ray
C.
Visible
D.
Radio
light
"The rate at which
object increases"
3.
is
object
an
a
emits energy increases
rapidly
as
the temperature of the
statement of
A.
the
inverse-square law
B.
the
Hertzsprung-Russelllaw
C.
the
Kepler's third law
D.
the Stefan-Boltzmann law
The absolute temperature of
a
perfectly black body
is doubled. How many times the
heat radiated from it will increase?
4.
A.
4
B.
8
C.
16
D.
32
Photon A is 5 times
more
energetic
than
photon
compared to photon B
A.
it travels at
B.
the
wavelength is
C.
the
wavelength
D.
the
frequency
a
speed which is
5 times faster
5 times shorter
is 5 times
longer
is 5 times lower
B. This
means
that for
photon A,
SFTl023 INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
5.
A laser emits
2.83
6.
7.
x
1011
a
Hz and
A.
8.0
x
1023
B.
1.6
X
1024
C.
2.4
x
1025
D.
3.2
X
1025
Which of the
single,
a
2.0
s
pulse
of
light
total power of 75000 W. How many
followings is
NOT
A.
Cathode rays
B.
Accelerated protons
C.
Visible
D.
Ultrasonic
Which of the
10-3
x
a
3
that has
photons
a
are
frequency
in the
of
pulse?
radiation?
light
followings
does affect the range for
heavy particles moving in
any
medium?
8.
A.
Charge
B.
Mass
C.
Energy
D.
All above
What is the half-value thickness of water to
(Given:
9.
f..l
=
0.18
A.
0.02
em
B.
0.53
em
C.
2.39
em
D.
3.85
em
X-rays
of wavelength 20
pm?
em")
The main hazard of radiation
damage to living cells is
A.
heating
B.
ionization
C.
the creation of chemical
D.
the creation of new
due to
impurities
isotopes within the body
[See
next page
SFTl 023 INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
10.
A person
60
weighing
is the radiation dose
11.
12.
13.
14.
A.
0.005
B.
0.1
C.
0.3
D.
0.5
The
kg received radiation
(in rad)
energy of 0.3 J
one
B.
a
single proton
C.
a
single neutron
D.
one
There is
body.
What
absorbed?
a
proton and two
proton and
one
neutrons
neutron
limit to the size of a stable nucleus because of
A.
the weakness of the electrostatic force
B.
the weakness of the
C.
the limited range of the strong nuclear force
D.
none
a
the entire
hydrogen nucleus consists of
A.
In
over
4
of the
gravitational
force
given answers
�i N b nucleus, the number of protons, neutrons and electrons is
A.
41,52,41
B.
41,52,0
C.
41,52,52
D.
41,52,93
What is the
mass
defect of
A.
6.9175
x
10-28 kg
B.
8.0024
X
10-28 kg
C.
1.0687
X
10-27 kg
D.
1.8212
X
10-27 kg
l�gSn that has atomic mass
=
119.9022 u?
[See
next page
SFT1023 INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
15.
What is the
binding
energy per nucleon of
2�;Hg
that has
an
5
atomic
mass
of
201.9706 u?
16.
17.
18.
A.
7.908 MeV
B.
8.361 MeV
C.
9.151 MeV
D.
11.47 MeV
Who
was
the first person to discover
A.
Marie Curie
B.
Henri
C.
Albert Einstein
D.
James Chadwick
Becquerel
What is the SI unit for
A.
counts/min
B.
Bq
C.
Gy
D.
Ci
Which of the
radioactivity?
radioactivity?
following is
TRUE about
Atomic number increases
III.
by 4
Atomic number decreases by 2
Mass number increases by 2
IV.
Loses two neutrons
I.
II.
alpha decay
A.
I and II
B.
II, III and IV only
C.
II and IV
D.
I, II, III and IV
only
only
[See
next page
SFTl023 INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
19.
20.
Does it take
more
energy to
A.
removing a proton takes
B.
removing
c.
both take the
D.
none
a
or one
neutron from
160?
energy
more
energy
amount of energy
of above
A radioactive substance
magnetic
more
neutron takes
same
proton
remove one
6
field
pointing
decays
and the emitted
into the page
particle
passes
through
shown. In which direction
as
are
a
uniform
alpha particles
deflected?
2
x
X
X
X
3
1
X
X
X
X
X
B field
¢
Radioactive
21.
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
1 and 3
You have two
amounts,
samples,
A
(Tlh
=
The initial amount of
unknown.
10
source
yr) and
B
(Tlh
=
20
yr) with initially different
A is 64
kg,
while the amount of
If you observe that the 2 amounts
are
equal
sample
sample
B is
after 40 years, what is the
initial amount of B?
A.
64
kg
B.
32
kg
C.
16
kg
D.
Skg
[See
next page
SFTl 023 INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
22.
23.
You have 10
sample
A with
half-life of 1000 yr.
Which
sample has
B with
a
A.
sample
A
B.
sample B
C.
both the
D.
impossible to tell
The
lives
same
activity
of
of two different radioactive
sample
A is 5 times
B.
Half-lives
C.
Tlj2
D.
T1h of A is 10 times smaller than
destroy
are
the
the cell of
B.
Lithium-6
C.
Thorium�232
D.
Iodine-131
that of
prepared.
If the
sample B, how do their
half­
larger than B
same
gland
Which statement is FALSE
in
thyroid disease,
we use
radioisotope
in this treatment.
In 1898
French
-
regarding nuclear energy history?
physicist Pierre
had discovered that present in
which emitted
In 1917
In 1932
-
nucleus
large
an ore
of uranium,
substance
was a
they named radium
physics,
is credited with
atom
John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton,
by entirely
-
pitchblende,
amounts of radioactivity, which
artificial
bombard lithium with protons,
In 1932
Curie and his wife Maria Sklodowska-Curie
Ernest Rutherford the father of nuclear
-
splitting the
D.
A and B is
radioisotope.
Uranium-235
C.
higher activity?
of A is 5 times smaller than B
A.
B.
the
compare?
T1h of A is 5 times
A.
half-life of 100 yr, and another
samples
larger than
A.
To
a
same
amount
Determine its
25.
each of a radioactive
sample
initial
24.
kg
7
means,
attempted
using
thereby producing
a
two
to
particle
split
the atomic
accelerator
to
helium nuclei
Enrico Fermi discovered the neutron
[See
next page
SFTI023 INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
26.
27.
What is the
A.
Q<O
B.
Q>O
C.
Q=O
D.
sign
A.
B.
C.
D.
160
8
depends
2H
�
decay reactions?
the nucleus
on
1
given below?
+?
.
l�O
l�O
l�N
l�F
How does the
the
29.
of Q
for radioactive
What is the nucleus that results in the reaction
n+
28.
Q value
8
pieces
binding
energy per nucleon
product compare
to that of
that combined to form it?
A.
product has greater BE than
B.
product has
C.
product has the
D.
product has
Radiation
of a fusion
(BE)
can
less BE than the
same
the
pieces
pieces
BE than the
half BE than the
damage matter
such
pieces
pieces
as
metals
or
biological tissue by
the material
A.
heating up
B.
causing
C.
producing fission reactions
D.
removing
cancer
in the metal
in the material
electrons from the atoms
[See
next page
SFTI023 INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
30.
How does radioactive material generate
A. The heat
generated during
9
electricity?
fission creates steam that powers
electricity generating
fusion creates heat that powers
electricity generating
turbines.
B. The steam
generated during
turbines.
C. At the end of the
day,
fuels, by generating
nuclear power
steam
plants
work
a
lot like those that
use
fossil
that powers massive turbines which, in turn, generate
electricity.
D. The
decay of uranium creates enough force to turn turbines directly.
[See
next page
SFTI023 INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
PART B:
(35 MARKS)
INSTRUCTION: ANSWER QUESTION 1
THREE
1
a.
10
What is
(COMPULSORy)
QUESTIONS.
AND CHOOSE ANY
OF THE OTHER
(3)
non-ionizing radiation?
Give
one
example.
[2 Marks]
b.
How
long does
side, 30.0°C)
uses
in
one
it take
(in second)
for
a
perfect blackbody
cube
(0.010
to radiate the same amount of energy that a 100 W
m on a
light
bulb
hour?
[3 Marks]
2
a.
What is meant
by somatic
and genetic
damage?
[2 Marks]
b.
Why
a
high intensity
radiation
passing through
human
can
cause
severe
biological damage? Explain.
[4 Marks]
c.
A beam of particles from
This
source
particle
radiates 1.6
a
x
radioactive
10lO particles
is 4.0 MeV. Find the
given to the tumor in 25
s
source
is directed at
0.015
kg
tumor.
per second and the energy of each
biologically equivalent
if the
a
dose
(in rem)
which is
Quality Factor (QF) for the radiation is
14.
[4 Marks]
[See
next page
SFTl023 INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
3
a.
State the force that holds the nucleons
11
together.
[1 Mark]
b.
What
are
by mass defect and binding energy?
meant
[2 Marks]
c.
The
(i)
mass
of a
;�Cu
nucleus is 62.9296
u.
Determine
the radius of the nucleus
[2 Marks]
(ii)
the
mass
defect
[2 Marks]
(iii)
the
binding
energy per nucleon.
[3 Marks]
4
a.
Why do
gamma
particles penetrate matter more easily than beta particles?
[2 Marks]
b.
What is the
decay
constant of
2�� U
whose half-life is 4.5 x 1 09
yr?
[2 Marks]
c.
The
decay
constant of a
given nucleus
is 8.2
x
10-5 s-l.
What is its half-life?
[2 Marks]
d.
A bone from
Perak. You
radiocarbon
amount of
a
as
for
was
archaeologist
an
dating
l�C.
(Given: Tlh
Perak Man
recently
recovered from
a
site in
want to determine their age
Lenggong,
by using
which suggest that the bone contains 12.5% of the
the
original
Calculate the age of the Perak Man.
l:C
=
5730
years).
[4 Marks]
[See
next page
SFTl023 INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
5
a.
Name TWO
12
(2) early radiation detectors?
[2 Marks]
b.
Explain the operating principle
of Geiger Counter.
[3 Marks]
c.
State TWO
(2) applications of radiation in any field.
[2 Marks]
d.
What does NAA stands for and what is its
use
and its
principle of operation.
[3 Marks]
6
a.
What is the basic difference between fission and fusion reaction?
[2 Marks]
b.
Discuss the relative merits and
of power
disadvantages, including pollution and safety,
generation by fossil fuels, nuclear fission,
and nuclear fusion.
[5 Marks]
c.
Does the reaction p +
much is the
ma
=
4.0026
�Li � iHe + a
energy? (Given mp=
require
1.0078 u, mu
=
OR release
7.0160 u, m»;
energy?
=
How
4.0026 u,
u).
[3 Marks]
END OF
QUESTIONS
[See
next page
SFTI023 INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
13
APPENDIX
The
following information may be useful.
1.
o
2.
h
3.
=
5.6704
10'34
X
Js
Charge
of electron,
4.
1 eV
1.602
5.
ke
6.
Speed
7.
mp
8.
me
9.
m;> 1.6749
=
e
=
=
4.136
symbol has
19. I
10'8 W m,2 K-4
X
6.6261
=
Each
10,15
X
-1.6022
x
eVs
10,19
10. 1
9.0
=
=
X
Jl
21. Dose
14. 1 rad
15. 1
9.1094
X
10,31 kg
=
r
10'27 kg
fe2
=
=2.0141u
X
10'4
Gy
0.01 Sv
C
=
=
=
1.0078
u
5.4858
X
1.0087
1.6605
x
10'4
u
=
Dose (rad)
17.
v=fA,
=hf
x
=1.2xlO-'5m
24. E
=mc2
25.
i1m=[(ZmH +Nmn)-M]
26.
EB =(�m)x931.5MeV /u
charge
specific charge
26.
QF
=roAli
23. r:
u
10'27 kg
(rem)
=
---"--
mass
27. N
29.
T.,/
/2
kg"
30. t
=
=
Noe-JJ
In2
=-
A,
� In( � )
31.
Q=(Ma+Mb-Mc-Md)C2
32.
KEroill
eaT4At
Q
18. E
x
=3.0160u
0.01
=
16.
=
108 ms'
X
10'27 kg
2.58
rem
3
x
MciHe)
12.M(iH)
=
=
1.6726
11.
13. 1 R
c
931.5 MeV
u=
X=-
109 Nm2C2
of light,
meaning.
Ioe-f.lX
C
22,
=
own
In2
20.
10,19 J
x
=
its
=(1 .: )QI
+