Social Studies Review Sheet:
The Gilded Age
Industrialization and Big Business
• patent • assembly line •rebate • entrepreneur • corporation • stock • dividend
• monopoly • trust • free enterprise system • “robber baron” • “captain of industry”
• vertical integration • laissez faire
⎔ How did railroad companies pricing policies help big shippers but hurt farmers and smaller
business owners?
⎔ How did patents help stimulate individuals to develop new inventions?
⎔ What are the advantages to businesses that use mass production and the assembly line?
⎔ What exactly is a corporation? How does a corporation function?
⎔ Why might investors buy or sell stock?
⎔ How might monopolies be dangerous to citizens and workers in society?
⎔ How would you define laissez faire capitalism? Why is laissez faire capitalism and so important
to the growth of big business?
⎔ How did laissez faire capitalism contribute to the Gilded Age?
Labor
• Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire • labor union • American Federation of Labor • socialism
• anarchist • collective bargaining • Scientific Management
⎔ How is collective bargaining helpful to Unions?
⎔ How did labor unions work for better rights in the workplace?
⎔ Why do you think unions were so important to laborers in the late 19th century?
⎔ Why did labor unions experience so much difficulty in the late 1800s?
⎔ Why did some Americans begin to fear labor unions in the late 1800s?
Immigration
• assimilation • “new immigrants” • nativism • anarchist (Yes, it’s listed twice.) • Chinese Exclusion Act
⎔ Within New York City where did most immigrants live?
⎔ How did the “new immigrants” differ from the immigrants who arrived in the mid-1800s?
⎔ Why did nativists oppose immigration?
⎔ How did nativists oppose immigration?
Urbanization
• urbanization • tenements • settlement house
• Jane Addams • Hull House
⎔ How did the lives of the urban poor compare to those of the middle class and the wealthy?
⎔ Explain the significance of How the Other Half Lives.
⎔ How did reformers work to help the urban poor?
Education and Culture
• McGuffey’s Eclectic Reader
• yellow journalism
⎔ Why was compulsory education important for the growth of the nation?
⎔ Why did the newspaper industry grow?
⎔ How does yellow journalism help sell newspapers?
⎔ What is the danger of yellow journalism?
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Corruption and Progressive Reform
• gilded • spoils system • Interstate Commerce Commission Sherman Antitrust Act
• city bosses • Progressives
• graduated income tax
• 17th Amendment • muckraker
Riis • patronage • spoils system • merit • civil service commission
⎔ Why were city bosses so popular with the poor and immigrants?
⎔ Why was Boss Tweed so notorious?
⎔ What was the main goal of progressive reformers?
⎔ How did changes in the Constitution reflect the values of the Progressive Era?
⎔ Identify three muckrakers and their contributions to the Progressive Era.
• Jacob
Progressive Presidents
• trustbuster • Square Deal • William H. Taft • Woodrow Wilson • Federal Trade Commission
• Clayton Antitrust Act
⎔ How did Theodore Roosevelt feel about bug business?
⎔ Why was known as a “trustbuster”? Did he want to destroy all trusts?
⎔ Describe three accomplishments of Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal.
Women’s Rights
• suffragists • 19th Amendment • WCTU • temperance movement • 18th Amendment
• prohibition
⎔ Why was a constitutional amendment so important to women suffragists?
⎔ Why did women support the prohibition movement?
⎔ How did supporters of the temperance movement influence the government?
The Fight for Equality
• Booker T. Washington • W.E.B. Du Bois • NAACP • lynching
⎔ According to Booker T. Washington, how could African Americans move up in society?
⎔ How was W.E.B. Du Bois similar in to Booker T. Washington?
⎔ How did Du Bois differ from Washington?
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The West Transformed and Reconstruction, The “New South,” and
the Rise of Jim Crow
Any questions you see will be ones that you have seen before. No
surprises.
Farming in the West
• manifest destiny
• frontier
• Homestead Act
• sodbusters
• exodusters
• boomers / sooners
• Oklahoma land rush
• National Grange
• Populist party
• inflation
• specific problems facing farmers
• 1890 Census
The Cattle Kingdom
• open range
• the “myth” of the West
• barbed wire
• longhorns
• cattle drive
• cow town
• cattle boom
Mining and Railroading
• subsidy
• transcontinental railroad
• ore
• lode
Native Americans Struggle to Survive
• reservation
• Little Big Horn
• Sand Creek Massacre
• Buffalo Soldiers
• Dawes Act
• boarding schools
• Ghost Dance
• Wounded Knee
• Dawes Act
• ethnocentrism
• forced assimilation
End of the Civil War
• stalemate
• Sherman’s March
• Total War
• infrastructure
• Lincoln’s Assassination
Rebuilding the Nation
• 13th Amendment
• Ten Percent Plan
• Freedmen’s Bureau
The Battle over Reconstruction
• 14th Amendment
• 15th Amendment
• Andrew Johnson
• Radical Republicans
• Radical Reconstruction (Military
Reconstruction)
• impeachment of Andrew Johnson
The End of Reconstruction
• disputed election of 1876 / compromise of
1877
• the “death” of Reconstruction
African Americans Struggle for Equality
• sharecropping / the cycle of poverty
• disenfranchisement (poll tax, literacy test,
grandfather clause)
• Jim Crow Laws / segregation
• Plessy v. Ferguson
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