Mrs. Umbarger
Adv. Biology
EP Midterm 4
Name
Date
Per.
1) Rod-shaped bacteria are called
A) cocci.
B) bacilli.
C) spirochetes.
D) vibrios.
2) A bacterium living in an underground septic tank thrives by absorbing organic compounds
from decomposing wastes. What is it?
A) a chemoautotroph
B) a chemoheterotroph
C) a photoautotroph
D) a photoheterotroph
3) Intestinal gas is evidence of active ________ in one's digestive tract.
A) thermophiles
B) methanogens
C) yeast cultures
D) halophiles
4) The term for a close association between organisms of two or more species is
A) symbiosis.
B) interdependence.
C) associative living.
D) colonialism.
5) ________ are heterotrophic protists; ________ are photoautotrophic protists.
A) Mixotrophs . . . protozoans
B) Protozoans . . . algae
C) Protozoans . . . plants
D) Parasites . . . protozoans
6) Protists include
A) a single branch of eukaryotes that are distantly related to animals.
B) only two branches of eukaryotes: related to animals and fungi, and another related to plants.
C) two branches of eukaryotes: algae and protozoans.
D) multiple branches of eukaryotes with some more closely related to plants, animals, or fungi
7) Diatoms
A) are autotrophs with a glassy cell wall that contains silica.
B) are mixotrophs.
C) are heterotrophic protists that decompose dead plants and animals in freshwater habitats.
D) include the malaria parasite.
8) Which of the following groups includes the protists that reside within the guts of termites ?
A) brown algae
B) diatoms
C) dinoflagellates
D) ciliates
9) Dinoflagellates are best described as
A) protozoans that use cilia to move and feed.
B) algae that use 2 flagella to “spin” through their environment.
C) parasitic protozoans that must spend part of their life cycles in vertebrate hosts.
D) large, multicellular algae that resemble plants but do not have true leaves, stems, or roots.
10) A group of protists responsible for decomposition
A) Water molds
B) Cellular slime molds
C) Plasmodial slime molds
D) all of the above
11) Which of the following groups include organisms that are a source of food, provide habitat,
and have carotenoids for their distinct color?
A) diatoms
B) brown algae
C) amoebas
D) dinoflagellates
12) Kelp, a seaweed that is anchored to the seafloor by rootlike structures and can grow to
heights of 60 m, is a kind of
A) water mold.
B) brown alga.
C) green alga.
D) diatoms.
13) Which of the following cellular structures is characteristic of amoebas?
A) pseudopodia
B) microvilli
C) cilia
D) flagella
14) Which of the following is a parasitic that causes African sleeping sickness, a disease spread
by the tsetse fly?
A) Plasmodium
B) Trypanosoma
C) Paramecium
D) Amoeba
15) Plasmodial slime molds
A) are photoautotrophic.
B) are parasitc.
C) contain many nuclei in one mass of cytoplasm.
D) are primitive fungi.
16) You collect a protist from a rotting log and grow it in a petri dish containing E. coli, which it
engulfs. For a while the protists multiply as single cells. Then the E. coli run short, and the
protists aggregate to form a clump and function as a colony. What kind of protist have you got?
A) a plasmodial slime mold
B) a cellular slime mold
C) a free-living amoeba
D) a water mold
17) According to current scientific thinking, true multicellular organisms
A) are all descended from a single colonial protist ancestor.
B) descend from several different kinds of unicellular protists, which became multicellular
through specialization and cooperation among cells within a colony.
C) cannot be traced to any existing or fossil intermediate stages; thus, there is no current
scientific theory for the process that generated multicellular organisms from unicellular
ancestors.
D) formed through the fusion of several separate species of unicellular protists, who carried out
different complementary functions within the evolving organism.
18) The ancestors of land plants were probably ________ that lived in ________.
A) green algae . . . the open ocean
B) green algae . . . coastal marshes or lake fringes
C) cyanobacteria . . . coastal marshes or lake fringes
D) cyanobacteria . . . moist soil crust communities
19) Heterotrophic prokaryotes that are unicellular are classified as
A) bacteria.
B) fungi.
C) plants.
D) multicellular algae.
20) The intimate, mutually beneficial association formed between a fungus and the root of a
plant is called a(n)
A) ingrowth.
B) mycorrhiza.
C) hypha.
D) mycelium.
21) Fungi are found associated with the earliest plant fossils. Fungi may have helped plants
become terrestrial by
A) forming mycorrhizal associations with plants and by decomposing organic matter.
B) stocking the soil with organic matter.
C) providing simple organic compounds in return for sugars.
D) killing the bacterial enemies of plants.
22) Threadlike fungal filaments are called
A) mycelia.
B) mold.
C) root hairs.
D) hyphae.
23) A mushroom
A) is composed of many threadlike filaments called mycorrhizae.
B) is specialized to obtain most of the nutrients for the fungal mycelium.
C) is an independent stage in the alternation of generations of the fungal life cycle.
D) is an above-ground reproductive structure connected to a mycelium.
24) Fungi contact and absorb food through their body, the _____, a branching network of _____.
A) mycelium . . . hyphae
B) hyphae . . . mycelia
C) mycorrhiza . . . mushrooms
D) mushroom . . . hyphae
25) Which of the following structures is an essential part of most fungal reproductive systems?
A) gametangia
B) cellulose
C) seeds
D) spores
26) Which type of reproduction is typical in molds?
A) sexual reproduction through mating of two diploid parent mycelia
B) sexual reproduction through fusion of two haploid parent mycelia and subsequent production
of haploid spores
C) asexual reproduction through budding
D) asexual reproduction through the production of spores
27) Which type of reproduction is typical in yeast?
A) sexual reproduction through mating of two diploid parent mycelia
B) sexual reproduction through fusion of two haploid parent mycelia and subsequent production
of haploid spores
C) asexual reproduction through budding
D) asexual reproduction through the production of spores
28) Most familiar types of mushrooms, along with puffballs and shelf fungi, are
A) chytrids.
B) ascomycetes (sac fungi).
C) zygomycetes (zygote fungi).
D) basidiomycetes (club fungi).
29) Zygomycetes reproduce
A) sexually only
B) asexually only
C) asexually and sexually depending on environmental conditions
D) unknown
30) Fungal diseases common in ________ include ________ and ________.
A) plants . . . smuts . . . rusts
B) animals . . . smuts . . . chytrids
C) plants . . . ringworm . . . coccidioidomycosis
D) humans . . . rusts . . . vaginal yeast
31) Gangrene, hallucinations, temporary insanity, and even death can result when humans
consume grain infested with
A) corn smut.
B) chytrids.
C) coccidioidomycosis.
D) ergots.
32) An experimental forest ecosystem is enclosed in a sealed greenhouse. The entire ecosystem,
including the air and soil, is treated with an extremely potent fungicide that kills all fungal life
stages including spores. What will probably happen next?
A) Tree growth will increase because the dead fungi will act as a fertilizer.
B) Plants will enjoy a long-term increase in growth and survival because of the removal of
fungal pathogens.
C) Dead organic matter will accumulate on the forest floor; plant growth will decline because of
a lack of nutrients and the loss of mycorrhizal partners.
D) A few animals will go extinct due to loss of their fungal food sources, but otherwise the forest
will be largely unchanged.
33) Which of the following statements regarding fungi is false?
A) Fungi are important decomposers in ecosystems.
B) Fungi can only break down plant material.
C) The distinctive flavor of certain cheeses is due to fungi.
D) The first antibiotic discovered came from a fungus.
34) What kind of entity is a lichen?
A) an association between a fungus and a brown alga
B) an association between a multicellular protist related to the brown algae and a bacterium
C) an association between a fungus and cyanobacteria or green algae
D) an association between a bryophyte and a fungus
35) You enjoy learning about history by traveling throughout North America studying
gravestones. You notice that gravestones from 1900 and earlier usually host many types of
lichens. But in one cemetery, lichens are entirely absent, even from old gravestones. Given what
is known about lichens, the cemetery without lichens probably
A) has an unusually dry climate.
B) is subject to extremely cold winter temperatures.
C) gets a great deal of rain, which favors the growth of competing bacteria.
D) is close to a source of air pollution.
36) Which best describes where the chromosomes of bacteria are found?
A) on a whip-like structre
B) in a membrane-bound organelle
C). on a protein strand
D) on a circular strand of DNA
37) Viruses are an enigma because they can’t ………. but they can…….
A) reproduce…. carry on life processes
B) carry on life processes ….. reproduce
C) produce their own food….. make people sick
D) live without a host ….. make people sick
38) Viruses can only make you sick when
A) they enter your body
B) reproduce with your cells
C) they actively reproduce through the lytic cycle
D) they enter the lysogenic cycle
39) Protists can reproduce asexually by all of the following EXCEPT
A) conjugation
B) binary fission
C) fragmentation
D) spores
40) The differences in pigments of algae allow them to
A) absorb different wavelengths of light
B) live in different areas
C) be classified into different phyla
D) all the above
41) Hyphae are generally characterized by
A) impenetrable walls
B) rapid growth
C) large surface area
D) both B and C
42) Fungus groups have different
A) reproductive structures
B) modes of nutrition
C) types of cell walls
D) all of the above
43) The importance of algae include
A) provide food
B) provide oxygen
C) provide habitat
D) all of the above
44) A eukaryotic, multicellular organism that is heterotrophic is classified as
A) a bacteria
B) a fungi
C) a protest
D) a virus
45) Protists can be
A) unicellular
B) multicellular
C) colonial
D) all of the above
46) Bacteria are grouped by their
A) reproductive structures
B) modes of nutrition
C) types of cell walls
D) shape
47) The cilia in Paramecium are used for
A) food getting
B) movement
C) reproduction
D) both A and B
48) The purpose of a Euglena’s eye spot is to aid in
A) protection
B) classification
C) photosynthesis
D) all of the above
After reading the paragraph, answer the question(s) that follow.
In the 1930s, the Navajo Nation treated sheep and cattle for ticks and other parasites by using
concrete "dip tanks." Animals were herded through one end of the tank and out the other. Each
day, the tanks were filled with 200,000 gallons of insecticide and any remaining chemicals were
emptied onto the ground. The pesticide solution seeped into the ground, ditches, and pits around
the tanks. This was a common practice in the United States during that period.
The EPA Emergency Response Team (ERT) was called to the Navajo Nation during the 1990s to
investigate the problem. They concluded that bioremediation procedures were the best for this
site. Certain types of bacteria are able to feed on and digest toxic organic substances, such as
pesticides, and use them as fuel for cell respiration. The ERT distributed the pesticide-eating
microorganisms through the contaminated soil to remove the chemical residues. Once the
contaminants are degraded, these microorganism populations die off because they've used all of
their food supply.
49) The bacteria used in this bioremediation procedure are ________.
A) chemoautotrophs
B) photoautotrophs
C) chemoheterotrophs
D) photoheterotrophs
50) Based on the scenario, the pesticide-eating bacteria probably evolved from species that
A) fed on pesticides present on the early planet Earth.
B) fed on the tissues and blood of cattle and sheep.
C) were previously adapted to colonize anaerobic environments.
D) fed on molecules with a chemical structure similar to pesticides.