APEH MERRIMAN REVIEW QUESTIONS Unit II, Chapter 3
Section 1 – The Two Reformations
Terms: Define/describe the following terms as they appear in the section.
1. Indulgence
2. Reformation
Review Questions:
1. What two things drew criticism from the German states against the papacy?
2. List some of the protestant denominations (and their leaders) that formed out of the Reformation.
3. List what countries remained largely Catholic. List what countries adopted protestant religions.
Section 2 – The Northern Renaissance
Terms: Define/describe the following terms as they appear in the section.
1. Albrecht Durer
3. Desiderius Erasmus
2. Latin
4. In Praise of Folly
(1509)
Review Questions:
1. Explain the influence of Northern Renaissance Humanism upon the Church. Answers appear in
several parts of Section 2.
Section 3 – The Roots of the Reformation
Terms: Define/describe the following terms as they appear in the section.
1. Unam Sanctam
4. Mysticism
(1302)
5. Nominalism
2. The Great Schism
6. John Wyclif
(1378-1417)
7. Transubstantiation
3. Council of Pisa
8. Council of Constance
(1409)
(1414-1418)
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Conciliarism
Simony
Martin Luther
Ninety-five Theses
Diet of Worms
Review Questions:
1. Describe the three most prevalent criticisms/rejections of papal authority.
2. How can the Great Schism be seen as a root cause of the Reformation movement?
3. Why were the meeting of councils (conciliarism) deemed a threat to papal authority?
4. List the papacy’s clerical and moral abuses that most frequently occurred in the 15th century.
5. Summarize Luther’s theological belief that each person could be “saved by faith alone” and by
the “grace of God”, not by works alone.
6. Describe the working relationship between Luther and the German princes. How did they support
each other?
Section 4 – Social Background of the Reformation in the German States
Terms: Define/describe the following terms as they appear in the section.
1. Peasants’ Revolt (1525-1526)
Review Questions:
1. What types of places did Luther’s reformation movement succeed in? Why?
2. How is the Lutheran Reformation seen as a social movement?
APEH MERRIMAN REVIEW QUESTIONS Unit II, Chapter 3
3. How is the Lutheran Reformation seen as a political movement? How did Luther himself
respond to this?
Section 5 – The Spread of the Reformation
Terms: Define/describe the following terms as they appear in the section.
1. Diet of Speyer
4. Schmalkaldic League
(1526)
(League of
2. Protestant
Schmalkald)
3. Charles V
5. Peace of Augsburg
(1555)
6. Cuius regio, eius
religio
Review Questions:
1. Describe the power and religious authority of Charles V at the time. Was it increasing or
decreasing? Why?
2. How do you think the Peace of Augsburg affected the Holy Roman Empire’s central authority?
Section 6 – The Reformation in Switzerland and France
Terms: Define/describe the following terms as they appear in the section.
1. Huldrych Zwingli
4. Concordat of
2. “Sacramentarian
Bologna (1516)
Controversy”
5. Francis I
3. Anabaptist
6. Jean Calvin
7. Predestination
8. Geneva, Switzerland
Review Questions:
1. Summarize the beliefs of Calvinism and list the Catholic/Lutheran doctrines they refute.
Section 7 – The English Reformation
Terms: Define/describe the following terms as they appear in the section.
1. Henry VIII
3. Thomas More
2. Anne Boleyn
4. Act of Succession
5. Act of Supremacy
6. Church of England
Review Questions:
1. Why did Cromwell and Henry VIII embark on the “dissolution of the monasteries” in England?
Section 8 – The Catholic Reformation
Terms: Define/describe the following terms as they appear in the section.
1. Inquisition
4. Society of Jesus
2. Index
(Jesuits)
3. Ghetto
5. Council of Trent
(1545-1563)
Review Questions:
1. How did the Catholic Church respond to the schism?
2. What is the Catholic Reformation also called?
3. Summarize the vast array of ways that the Jesuits influenced Western Civilization.
4. How did the Council of Trent introduce positive changes for the Catholic Church?
APEH MERRIMAN REVIEW QUESTIONS Unit II, Chapter 3
Section 9 – Culture During the Two Reformations & Legacy of the Two Reformations
Terms: Define/describe the following terms as they appear in the section.
1. Vernacular
2. Baroque
Review Questions:
1. How were ideas communicated to individuals who could not read? Give examples.
2. Explain the story told by Brueghel’s Combat between Carnival and Lent. Please try to give some
of your own analysis from the print on p. 120, beyond the author’s description.
3. How did Protestants view women? Their role in society?
4. What emotions did Baroque style seek to express?