PLANTS OF NEPAL: FACT SHEET
Rhododendron arboreum Sm.
(Lali Gurans - National flower of Nepal)
Government of Nepal
Ministry of Forests & Soil Conservation
Department of Plant Resources
Thapathali, Kathmandu
June 2012
PLANTS OF NEPAL : FACT SHEET
Background
Background
Nepal,
Nepal, aa landlocked
landlocked country
country located
located in
in the
the central
central part
part of
of main
main Himalayan
Himalayan range
range isis
floristically
characterized
by
the
presence
of
six
adjoining
floristic
regions,
floristically characterized by the presence of six adjoining floristic regions, namely
namely
central
Asiatic ininthe
theNorth,
North,Sino-Japanese
Sino-Japanese
in the
North
East
central Asiatic
in the
North
East,East,
SouthSouth
East AsiaAsia-Malaysian
the South
the South
Sudano-Zambian
in the
Malaysian in theinSouth
East, East,
IndianIndian
in the in
South
Sudano-Zambian
in the SouthSouth-West
and Irano-Turranean
the West.
The altitudinal
variation
from
West and Irano-Turranean
in the in
West.
The altitudinal
variation
rangesranges
from about
about
60m
to
the
top
of
the
world
(8,848
m)
has
made
Nepal
a
rich
country
in
plant
60m to the top of the world (8,848 m) has made Nepal a rich country in plant biobio-diversity.
It has
forest
types,7575vegetation
vegetationunits
units and
and 118
118 ecosystems.
diversity. It has
35 35
forest
types,
ecosystems. Nepal's
Nepal's
botanical
botanical wealth
wealth is
is conserved
conserved through
through various
various acts
acts and
and laws
laws and
and particularly
particularly protected
protected
in
in 10
10 National
National Parks,
Parks, 33 Wild-life
Wild-life Reserves,
Reserves, 11 Hunting
Hunting Reserve,
Reserve, 66 Conservation
Conservation Areas
Areas
and
12 Buffer
Buffer Zones
Zones as
asin-situ
in-situconservation.
conservation.Plants
Plantsarearealso
also
conserved,
a part
of
and 12
conserved,
as as
a part
of exex-situ
conservation,in innational
nationallevel
levelBotanical
Botanical Garden
Garden (National
(National Botanical
Botanical Garden,
situ conservation,
Garden,
Godavari,
Godavari, Lalitpur)
Lalitpur) and
and 10
10 district
district level
level Botanical
Botanical gardens
gardens at
at various
various parts
parts of
of the
the
country.
country.
Table 1
S.N.
Plants
1. Algae
2. Fungi
3. Lichens
4. Bryophytes (Liverworts 395, Mosses 559)
5. Pteridophytes
6. Non-flowering plants
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Rhododendrons
Endemic plants :
a) Flowering
b) Non-flowering
Medicinal plants
Medicinal plants prioritized for research
and development
Medicinal plants prioritized for
agro-technology development
Nepal flora in CITES Appendices
Protected plants
Threatened medicinal plants

Total No. of Species
807 species (Ref. 1)
2,025 species (Ref. 1)
771 species (Ref.1)
1150 species (Ref. 1)
534 species (Ref. 1)
4,462 species (Ref.
2,3,8,10,11,16)
31 (Ref. 16)
6,653 species (Ref. 1)
31 species (Ref. 17)
282 species (Ref.19,20,21)
248 species (Ref. 2)
701 species (Ref. 7)
30 species (Ref. 16)
12 species (Ref. 16)
Listed in table 5 (Ref. 5,6)
16 species (Ref. 13,14)
60 species (Ref. 4)


g]kfnsf
;+/lIft
jg:kltx?
Protected
Plants
Nepal
(Ref.13,14)
Protected
of of
Nepal
(Ref.13,14)
ProtectedPlants
Plants
of
Nepal
(Ref.13,14)
Table
Table 22
S.N.
Scientific
Nepali
S.N.
Scientific Name
Name
Nepali Name
Name
I.Banned for Collection, Transportation and Trade

1.
Dactyloriza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo
2.
Bark of Juglans regia Linn.

II. Banned for export outside the country without processing
(Not applicable for cultivated products)

1.
Abies spectabilis (D. Don) Mirb.
2.
Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees) Hand.-Mazz. 
3.
Lichens

4.
Nardostachys grandiflora DC.

5.
Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth.ex Kurz

6.
Taxus wallichiana Zucc.

7.
Valeriana jatamansii Jones

8.
Rock exudate

III.Banned for felling, transportation and export
1.
Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.

2.
Juglans regia Linn.

3.
Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.

4.
Shorea robusta Gaertn.

IV. Banned for Export without identification & certification
1.
Neopicrorhizia scrophulariiflora (Pennell)

D.Y. Hong


cg';
Gwfg / ljsf;sf nflu k|fyldstf
k|fKt h8La'
6Lx?



Medicinal plants prioritized for research and development (Ref.16)
Medicinal plants prioritized for research and development (Ref.16)
Table 3
S.N.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
88
Scientific Name
Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.
Aconitum spicatum (Bruhl) Stapf
Acorus calamus Linn.
Asparagus racemosus Wild.
Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb.
Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees)
Hand.-Mazz.
Cinnamomum tamala
tamala (Buch-Ham.)
(Buch-Ham.)
Cinnamomum
Nees &
& Eberm.
Eberm.
Nees
Family
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae
Araceae
Liliaceae
Meliaceae
Saxifragaceae
Lauraceae







Nepali Name
Lauraceae
Lauraceae

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc
Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo
Dioscorea deltoidea Wall.
Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall.
Juglans regia Linn.
Lichens
Morchella spp.
16
17
Nardostachys grandiflora DC.
Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora
(Pennell) Hong
Phyllanthus emblica Linn.
Piper longum Linn.
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle6
Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth.
ex Kurz
Rheum australe D.Don
Rheum moorcroftianum Royle
Rubia manjith Roxb. ex Fleming
Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.
Swertia chirayita (Roxb.
ex Fleming) Karsten
Tagetes minuta Linn.
Taxus wallichiana Zucc.
Tionospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr.
Valeriana jatamansii Jones
Zanthoxylum armatum DC.
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30








Valerianaceae

Scrophulariaceae 
Clavicipitaceae
Orchidaceae
Dioscoreaceae
Ericaceae
Juglandaceae
Pezizaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Piperaceae
Podocarpaceae
Apocynaceae




Polygonaceae

Rubiaceae
Sapindaceae
Gentianaceae



Asteraceae
Taxaceae
Menispermaceae
Valerianaceae
Rutaceae





L k|
ljlw cg';
Gwfg sfo{s
f nflu k|
fyldstf 
k|fKt h8La'
6Lx?
v]
t

Medicinal plants prioritized for agro-technology development (Ref.16)
Medicinal plants prioritized for agro-technology development (Ref.16)
Table 4
S.No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Scientific Name
Asparagus racemosus Wild.
Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees) Hand.-Mazz.
Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo
Nardostachys grandiflora DC.
Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Pennell) Hong
Piper longum Linn.
Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz
Nepali Name







8.
Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Fleming) Karsten
9.
Taxus wallichiana Zucc.
8.
Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Fleming) Karsten
10.
Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr.
8.
Swertiawallichiana
chirayita (Roxb.
9.
Taxus
Zucc. ex Fleming) Karsten
11.
Valeriana jatamansii Jones
9.
Taxus wallichiana
10.
Tinospora
sinensis Zucc.
(Lour.) Merr.
12.
Zanthoxylum
armatum
DC.
10.
Tinospora
sinensis
11.
Valeriana jatamansii(Lour.)
Jones Merr.
11.
Valeriana jatamansii
Jones
12.
Zanthoxylum
armatum
DC.
Nepal's
flora
under
CITES
appendices
12.
Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (Ref.5,6)



 













Nepal's
underCITES
CITES
appendices
(Ref.5,6)
Table
5 flora
Nepal's
flora under
appendices
(Ref.5,6)
Nepal's
appendices
S.N. flora under CITES
Plants
Species (Ref.5,6)
Nepali Name Appendix
Table
5 Paphiopedilum insigne
I
1.


Table 5
S.N.
Plants
Species
Nepali
Name
Appendix
2.
PaphiopedilumPlants
venustum
I
Nepali
Name Appendix
S.N.
Species
I
1.
Paphiopedilum insigne


3.
Ceropegia pubescens Wall.
II
1.



2.
Paphiopedilum venustum
I
 
2.
4.
Cyathea spinulosa (Tree fern) Wall.ex Hook 
II

3.
Ceropegia
pubescens
Wall.
II




3.

5.
Cycas pectinata (Cycas) Griff.
II

4.
Cyathea spinulosa (Tree fern) Wall.ex Hook 
II
4.
 
6.
Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. ex Griseb
II

5.
Cycas
pectinata
(Cycas) Griff.
IIII

5.
Podophyllum
hexandrum
Royle



7.
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle
II

6.
Dioscorea
deltoidea
Wall. ex Griseb
IIII


6.
Orchidaceae
(Orchids)

8.
Orchidaceae
(Orchids)
II

7.
Podophyllum
IIII



7.
Nardostachyshexandrum
grandiflora Royle
DC.

9
Nardostachys
grandiflora
DC.
II

8.
Orchidaceae
(Orchids)(Linn.) Benth ex Kurz 
IIII


Rauvolfia
serpentina


10. Rauvolfia serpentine (Linn.) Benth ex Kurz
II

9
Nardostachys
grandiflora
IIII
9.
Taxus wallichiana
wallichiana
Zucc. DC.



11.
Taxus
Zucc.
II

Gnetum montanum
10. Rauvolfia
serpentineMarkgr.
(Linn.) Benth ex Kurz
IIIII








12. Gnetum montanum Markgr.
III

11. Taxus
Meconopsis
regia G.
Taylor
wallichiana
Zucc.
IIIII



13. Meconopsis regia G. Taylor
III
Podocarpus
neriifolius
D.Don
III

12. Gnetum
montanum
Markgr.
III


14. Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don
III
13. Meconopsis
Talauma hodgsonii
III



13.
regia G.Hook.
Taylorf. & Thomson
III

14. Talauma hodgsonii Hook. f. & Thomson
III


14.
Tetracentron
sinense
Oliv.
III




14. Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don
III

 
15. Tetracentron sinense Oliv.
III
14. Talauma hodgsonii Hook. f. & Thomson
III

Altitude wise species distribution with no. of endemic species (Ref. 22)
15. Tetracentron
sinense
Oliv. with
(Ref.
Altitude
wisespecies
speciesdistribution
distribution
withno.
no.ofofendemic
endemic
species
(Ref.22)
22) III
Altitude
wise
species
Table 6
Altitude
with no. of endemic
(Ref. 22) Endemic
Table
S.No.6 wise species distribution
Zone
Total no.species
of flowering
S.No.
Zone
Totalplants
no. ofspecies
flowering
Endemic
species
Table
6
plants
species
1.
Tropical Zone (0 - 100m)
1500
29species
S.No.
Zone
Total
Endemic
2.
Subtropical
Zone
2028 no. of flowering
50
1.
Tropical
Zone
(0 -(1000-2000m)
100m)
1500
29
plants
species
species
3.
Temperate Zone
2000
113
2.
Subtropical
Zone(2000-3000m)
(1000-2000m)
2028
50
1.
Tropical
Zone
(0
100m)
1500
29
4.
Sub-alpine Zone
(3000-4000m)
1650
180
3.
Temperate
(2000-3000m)
2000
113
2.
Subtropical
ZoneZone
(1000-2000m)
50
5.
Alpine & Nival
(> 4000m) 2028
1075
190
4.
Sub-alpine
(3000-4000m)
1650
180
3.
Temperate
ZoneZone
(2000-3000m)
113
5.
Alpine & Nival
(> 4000m) 2000
1075
190
4.
Sub-alpine (3000-4000m)
1650
180
5.
Alpine & Nival Zone (> 4000m)
1075
190
4
Largest
Nepal
Flora
(Ref.
22)22)
LargestFamilies
Familiesofof
Nepal
Flora
(Ref.
Table 7
Compositae (Asteraceae)
Graminae (Poaceae)
Orchidaceae
Leguminosae
Rosaceae
Cyperaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Labiatae
Ranunculaceae
Umbelliferae
395 sp.
366 sp.
381 sp.
304 sp.
192 sp.
191 sp.
167 sp.
150 sp.
143 sp.
123 sp.
Largest
22)
LargestGenera
Genera(Ref.
(Ref.
22)
Table 8
Saxifraga
Carex
Primula
Pedicularis
Impatiens
Gentiana
Ficus
Aconitum
Berberis
Poa
84 sp.
66 sp.
62 sp.
62 sp.
49 sp.
47 sp.
36 sp.
33 sp.
32 sp.
28 sp.
Highest
species
in in
Genera
(Ref.
23)23)
Highestno.
no.ofofendemic
endemic
species
Genera
(Ref.
Table 9
Saxifraga
Aconitum
Pedicularis
Primula
Corydalis
Cotoneaster
Saussurea
Oxytropis
Kobresia
24 sp.
15 sp.
12 sp.
12 sp.
10 sp.
9 sp.
8 sp.
7 sp.
7 sp.
Ecosystemidentified
identifiedand
and
their
representation
in protected
areas
(Ref.
Ecosystem
their
representation
in protected
areas
(Ref.
8)
(Ref.
8) 8)
Table 10
Physiographic Zone
TeraiTerai
Siwaliks
Siwaliks
Midhills
Midhills
Highlands
Highlands
Others
Others
TotalTotal
Total no. of Ecosystem
10
13
52
38
5
118
No. in Protected
Protected Area
Area
10
10
55
53
53
30
30
22
80
80
Threatened
and
aromatic
plants
in Nepal
(Ref.
4) 4)
Threatenedmedicinal
medicinal
and
aromatic
plants
in Nepal
(Ref.
Table 11
S.N.
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
6.
6.
7.
7.
8.
8.
9.
9.
10.
10.
11.
11.
12.
12.
13.
13.
Plant Species
Acacia catechu (L.F.)
Willd. catechu (L.F.)
Acacia
Aconitum balangrense
Willd.
Lauener balangrense
Aconitum
Aconitum bisma
Lauener
(Buch.-Ham.)
Rapaics
Aconitum
bisma
Aconitum feroxRapaics
Wall.
(Buch.-Ham.)
ex Seringeferox Wall.
Aconitum
Aconitum
ex
Seringegammiei
Stapf
Aconitum
gammiei
Aconitum
Stapf
heterophyllum Wall.
Aconitum
Aconitum laciniatum
heterophyllum
Wall.
(Bruhl) Stapf
Aconitum
laciniatum
Aconitum
spicatum
(Bruhl)
Stapf
(Bruhl)
Stapf
Aconitum spicatum
Allium hypsistum
(Bruhl)
Stapf
Stearn hypsistum
Allium
Allium
Stearn
przewalskianum Regel
Allium
Alstonia neriifolia
przewalskianum
Regel
D.Don neriifolia
Alstonia
Alstonia
D.Don scholaris (L.)
R.Br. scholaris (L.)
Alstonia
Arisaema costatum
R.Br.
(Wall.)
Mart.
ex
Arisaema
costatum
Schott
Family
Leguminosae
Leguminosae
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae
Liliaceae
Liliaceae
Liliaceae
Liliaceae
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae
Araceae
Araceae
6
Nepali
Nepali
Name
Name


























Threat
Threat
Category
Category
CAMP
IUCN
CAM
IUCN
......P
T
......
T
EN
......
EN
......
DD
......
DD
......
DD
T
DD
T
......
T
......
T
V
R
V
R
......
T
......
T
V
T
V
T
V
......
V
......
......
V
......
V
EN
R
EN
R
V
R
V
R
LC
......
LC
......
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Arnebia benthamii
(Wall. ex G.Don)
I.M.Johnston)
Asparagus racemosus
Willd.
Bergenia ciliata
(Haw.) Sternb.
Butea monosperma
(Lam.) Kuntze
Corydalis megacalyx
Loudlow
Crateva unilocularis
Buch.-Ham.
Curculigo orchioides
Gaertn.
Dactylorhiza
hatagirea (D.Don)
Soo.
Dalbergia latifolia
Roxb.
Delphinium himalayai
Munz
Dioscorea deltoidea
Wall.
Elaeocarpus
sphaericus (Gaertn.)
K. Schum.
Ephedra intermedia
Schrenk & Meyer
Ephemerantha
macraei (Lindl.) P.F.
Hunt & Summerh.
Fritillaria cirrhosa
D.Don
Gloriosa superba
Linn.
Boraginaceae

V
......
Liliaceae

V
......
Saxifragaceae

......
T
Leguminosae

V
EN
Papavaraceae
EN
......
Capparaceae



EN
R
Hypoxidaceae

V
......
Orchidaceae

EN
......
Leguminosae

......
V
Ranunculaceae

V
......
Dioscoreaceae

EN
T
Elaeocarpaceae

......
V
Gnetaceae

EN
......
Orchidaceae

V
......
Liliaceae

V
......
Liliaceae
......
Heracleum lallii
C.Norman
Jurinea dolomiaea
Boiss.
Umbelliferae
 EN

EN

Compositae

NT
......
Lilium nepalense
D.Don
Liliaceae

DD
......
......
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
Maharanga bicolor
(Wall. ex G.Don)
A.DC.
Maharanga emodi
(Wall.) A.DC.
Meconopsis dhwojii G.
Taylor ex Hay
Michelia champaca
Linn.
Nardostachys
grandiflora DC.
Neopicrorhiza
scrophulariiflora
(Pennell) Hong
Operculina turpethum
(L.) S.Manso
Oroxylum indicum (L.)
Kurz
Otochilus porrectus
Lindl.
Paeonia emodi Wall.
Panax pseudo-ginseng
Wall.
Paris polyphylla Smith
Piper longum Linn.
Pistacia chinensis
Bunge subsp.
integerrima (J.L.
Stewart) Rech.f.
Podophyllum
hexandrum Royle
Pongamia pinnata (L.)
Pierre
Pterocarpus
marsupium Roxb.
Rauvolfia serpentina
(L.) Benth. ex Kurz
Rheum australe D.Don
Rheum
moorcroftianum Royle
Rheum nobile Hook.f.
& Thoms.
Rubia manjith Roxb.
ex Fleming
Boraginaceae

DD
......
Boraginaceae

DD
K
Papavaraceae

NT
......
Magnoliaceae

CR
EN
Valerianaceae

V
V
Scrophulariaceaae

V
......
Convolvulaceae

EN
......
Bigoniaceae

EN
......
Orchidaceous

EN
......
Paeoniaceae
Araliaceae


......
V
V
......
Liliaceae
Piperaceae
Anacardiaceae



V
V
......
V
......
R
Berberidaceae

V
V
Leguminosae
/
DD
K
Leguminosae

CR
-
Apocynaceae

CR
EN
Polygonaceae
Polygonaceae


V
NT
V
......
Polygonaceae



V
R
V
......
Rubiaceea
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
Swertia angustifolia
Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
Swertia chirayita
(Roxb. ex Fleming)
Karsten
Swertia multicaulis
D.Don
Taxus walllichiana
Zucc..
Tinospora sinensis
(Lour.) Merr.
Valeriana jatamansii
Jones
Gentianaceae
 EN
......
Gentianaceae

V
V
Gentianaceae

DD
......
Taxaceae

EN
......
Menispermaceae

V
......
Valerianaceae

V
......
CR = Critically endangered, DD = Data deficient, EN = Endangered, K = Insufficiently
Known, NT = Nearly threatened, V = Vulnerable, R = Rare and T = Threatened



2059/60
2060/61
2061/62
2062/63
2063/64
2064/65
2065/65
2066/67
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
140468
238417
166476
174484
101510
254578
272517
313756.5
Amount
Kg
Source: DOF 2012
665991
1727087.1
1187907
955332
659564
942919
486555.3
1162267.6
Revenue
Rs.
Eastern DR
Source: DOF 2012
Year
S.
No.
Table 12
2334117.5
1369684.5
1414435
764805
113510.5 1002083
73914.8
243289
118988
209464.5 1710083
627628
Amount
Kg.
78857.5
35677.1
52791
44823
78162
45881
50371.5
777421.5
373912.3
998222.5
332366
291973.5
254590.3
309843.3
365544.9
Revenue
Rs
Western DR
13610798.5 78659.5
Revenue
Rs.
717897.6 2735360.2
897560
Amount
kg
Central DR
352534.5
965477
1769743.9
1301308.4
2170416.1
1390165.1
1430266.8
2597364.8
Amount
Kg.
2814393
19106533.5
15233740.8
10310916.2
12118433.2
7648950
10465328.6
11444893.8
Revenue
Rs.
Mid Western DR
1486151.8
867146.9
1148557.2
1024303.7
766118
666772
385721.1
981527.5
Amount
Kg
3380857.1
2663907.1
3325670.6
2985024.1
2856773.9
4868868.3
Amount
Kg.
15590873.9 2171522.3
20850762.4
38930019
28780934.3
16642015.2
16987046.2
13551200.8
15986207.7
30367950.8
Revenue Rs.
Total
16352801.6 2180632.8
9946629
4278596
2206992.5
2370624
1989120.3
3784446
Revenue
Rs.
Far Western DR
Revenue by NTFPs collection from national forests
/fli6«o jgaf6
;+slnt h8La'
6Lx?sf]
kl/df0f tyf p7]
s
f] /fh:j
-@)%( 
b]lv @)^^÷)^&_














Revenue by NTFPs collection from national forests
References:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. 6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15. 16.
17.
18.
19.
20. 21. 22.
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24.
Kunwar, R.M, Shrestha K, Dhungana S.K, Shrestha P.R and Shrestha K.K. (2010). Floral Biodiversity of
Nepal: An Update. J.Nat.Hist.Mus.Vol.25, PP 295
Adhikari, M.K. (2000). Collection and Studies of Plant Diversities with Special Reference to Nepalese Fungi and Role of
Department of Plant Resources, Nepal. Proceedings of the First and Second Symposium on Collection Building and
Natural History Studies in Asia, Eds. K. Matsuura, pp.
107-123, National Science Museum Monographs, No 18, Tokyo.
Baral, S.R. 1999. Algae of Nepal, In: Nepal Nature's Paradise (Eds. T.C. and R.K. Majupuria), M. Devi, Gwalior, India,
pp. 655-681.
Bhattarai, N.K. Tandon, V, and Ved, D.K. (2002). Highlights and
Outcomes of the Conservation
Assessment and Management Planning (CAMP) Workshop, Pokhara, Nepal. In: Proceedings of the Regional
Workshop held at Pokhara, Nepal, 21-23 January 2001 Sharing local and national experience in Conservation of
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in South Asia edited by Nirmal Bhattarai and Madhav Karki, IDRC South Asia Regional
Office, New Delhi, India. pp. 46-53.
CITES Appendix I, II, III (03/04/2012) p.32
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by Department of National Park and Wildlife Conservation, Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Kathmandu,Nepal.
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His Majesty's Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (HMGN), (2002). Nepal Biodiversity
Strategy, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu.
Kattel, L.P. (2002). Liverorts of Nepal (List & Rererence), Kathmandu, Nepal, p.81.
Kattel, L.P. and Adhikari M.K. (1992). Mosses of Nepal, Natural History Society of Nepal, Kathmandu,
Nepal, p.107.
Nepal Rajpatra (Part 3), Section 51, No. 36, Date B.S. 2058-9-16.
Nepal Rajpatra (Part 3), Section 53, No. 31, Date B.S. 2060-8-1.
Paudel, H.R. (2011). Plants diversity in Nepal: Data Sheet. Hamro Sampada, 1 (2068) 11:105.
Plant Resources Newsletter. B.S. 2060 Chaitra (April 2004), Vol. No. 3, pp. 3-4.
Rajbhandari, K.R. and Watson M.F. (2005). Rhododendrons of Nepal, Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali,
Kathmandu, Nepal, p. 42.
Sharma, L.R. (1995). Enumeration of the Lichens of Nepal, Biodiversity Profile Project Publication No. 3, Department of
National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, HMGN, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Rajbhandari, K.R. and Dhungana, S.K. 2011. Endemic Flowering Plants of Nepal Part 3. Department of Plants Resources
Bulletin-Special Publication No. 3, Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Rajbhandari, K.R. and Dhungana, S.K. 2010. Endemic Flowering Plants of Nepal Part 2. Department of Plants Resources
Bulletin-Special Publication No. 2, Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Rajbhandari, K.R. and Adhikari, M.K. 2009. Endemic Flowering Plants of Nepal Part 1. Department of Plants Resources
Bulletin-Special Publication No. 1, Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Shakya et al (1997) Shakya, P.R., Adhikari, M.K., Rajbnandari, K.R. Chaudhary, R.P and Shrestha, K.K.
1997. Flora of Nepal: Country paper, presented at international seminar in flora of Nepal (April 15-16, 1997)
Kathmandu
Shrestha, K.K (2001) : Flora of Nepal : Characteristics and Taxonomic treatments. Botanica Orientalis (P.P 52-60)
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Annual Reports, Hamro Ban, Department of Forest.
Photo (Laligurans): Sanjeev Kumar Rai, Revised by: Saroja Adhikari, Sabita. Poudel, Dol Raj Luitel
Government of Nepal
Ministry of Forests & Soli Conservation
Department of Plant Resources
G.P.O. Box 2270, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal
Tel: 4251160, 4261966, 4261967, Fax: 977-1-4251141
Email: [email protected]
[email protected].
URL: www.dpr.gov.np.