General Chemistry
段考一
97 2nd Semester Quat-Chapters(13~16) Examination I
物一甲, 2009年 3月3 1日 (星期 二), 10:10-12:00 S401
成績______/120pts(Bonus 20pt.)
班級______ 姓__________
學號_____________
I.Multiple Choice(48分)單選題(每題3分,直接在卷上作答)
1.
Select the type of interaction which best describes the attraction between Mg2+ ions and water
molecules.(p. 502) C
A.
dipole-dipole
B.
dipole-induced dipole
C.
ion-dipole
D.
ion-induced dipole
E.
ion-hydrogen bond
2. Which, if any, of the following features is common to soaps, detergents, phospholipids and
channel-forming antibiotics? (p. 510) D
A.
They all contain fatty acids.
B.
They all contain phosphate groups.
C.
They all contain polypeptide chains.
D.
Their function depends on the dual polarity of their molecules.
E.
They have none of these features in common.
3. Saccharin, one of the first non-nutritive sweeteners used in soft-drinks, is 500 times sweeter than
sugar in dilute aqueous solutions. The solubility of saccharin is 1.00 gram per 290 mL of solution.
What is the molarity of a saturated saccharin solution? (мsaccharin = 183.2 g/mol) (p. 522) A
A.
0.0188 M
B.
0.632 M
C.
1.58 M
D.
3.45 M
E.
None of these choices is correct.
4. Which of the following aqueous solutions should demonstrate the most ideal behavior? (p. 537) E
A.
0.1 M K2SO4
B.
0.1 M CaCl2
C.
3.0 M LiF
D.
0.1 M MgSO4
E.
0.1 M NaCl
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5. Although the periodic table is organized according to the atomic numbers of the elements, chemists
are more interested in the arrangement of the electrons for their studies. Which of the following
statements about the electron configurations and their quantum numbers is correct? (p. 554) C
A.
The size of an atom is associated with the angular momentum quantum number.
B.
The valence electrons of atoms in a particular group have the same principal and angular
momentum quantum numbers.
C.
The valence electrons of atoms in a particular group have the same angular
momentum quantum number but have different principal quantum numbers.
D.
Quantum numbers for the electrons tell us little about the relative energies of the electrons.
E.
None of these choices is correct.
6. Bromine will form compounds with each of the other elements in Period 4 of the periodic table. How
does the type of bonding in the compounds change as one moves from potassium bromide to
selenium bromide? (p. 556) A
A.
ionic to polar covalent
B.
polar covalent to ionic
C.
polar covalent to non-polar covalent
D.
coordinate covalent to polar covalent
E.
None of these choices is correct.
7. Which of the following substances is produced when lithium metal reacts with oxygen gas?(p. 573) D
A.
hydrogen gas
B.
lithium peroxide
C.
an acidic oxide
D.
a basic oxide
E.
lithium hydroxide
8. Certain Period 2 elements exhibit behaviors similar to Period 3 elements immediately below and to
the right. One of these interesting diagonal relationships occurs between beryllium and aluminum.
Which of the following is one of their differences? (p. 584) B
A.
Some aluminum compounds and all beryllium compounds show significant covalent
character in the gas phase.
B.
Beryllium forms bridge bonds in its hydrides while aluminum does not.
C.
Both form oxides that are impervious to reaction with water.
D.
The cations for both strongly polarize nearby electron clouds.
E.
Beryllium occurs in nature as the uncombined element, whereas aluminum does not.
2
9. What is the difference between 1-butyne and 1-butene? (Sec. 15.2) C
A.
1 carbon atom
B.
1 carbon atom and 2 hydrogen atoms
C.
2 hydrogen atoms
D.
4 hydrogen atoms
E.
1 carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms
10. Select the correct type for the following reaction. (Sec. 15.3) E
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + HBr  CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + H2O
A.
dehydration
B.
dehydroxylation
C.
addition
D.
elimination
E.
substitution
11. Identify the products of the reaction of 3-octene with chlorine. (p. 649) A
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
12. Helical and sheet-like segments in proteins arise from_______. (p. 669) E
A.
disulfide bridges.
B.
salt bridges.
C.
crosslinking via covalent bonds.
D.
dispersion forces within the protein's interior.
E.
hydrogen bonding.
13. Consider this reaction: 8A(g) + 5B(g)  8C(g) + 6D(g)
If [C] is increasing at the rate of 4.0 mol L¯1s¯1, at what rate is [B] changing? (p. 690) B
A.
-0.40 mol L¯1s¯1
3
B.
-2.5 mol L¯ 1s¯ 1
C.
-4.0 mol L¯ 1s¯ 1
D.
-6.4 mol L¯ 1s¯ 1
E.
None of these choices is correct, since its rate of change must be positive.
14. A reaction has the following rate law: Rate = k[A][B]2 In experiment 1, the concentrations of A
and B are both 0.10 mol L¯1; in experiment 2, the concentrations are both 0.30 mol L¯1. If the
temperature stays constant, what is the value of the ratio, Rate(2)/Rate(1)? (Sec. 16.3) E
A.
3.0
B.
6.0
C.
9.0
D.
18
E.
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15 . The reaction CH3NC(g)  CH3CN(g) is first-order with respect to methyl isocyanide, CH3NC. If it
takes 10.3 minutes for exactly one quarter of the initial amount of methyl isocyanide to react,
what is the rate constant in units of min¯1? (Sec. 16.4) B
A.
-0.135 min¯ 1
B.
0.0279 min¯ 1
C.
0.089 min¯ 1
D.
0.135 min¯ 1
E.
35.8 min¯ 1
16. In an exothermic reaction, ________________ (p. 709) D
A.
the forward reaction is slower than the reverse reaction.
B.
the reaction rate will speed up with time.
C.
the collision energy of the reactants will be greater than that of the products.
D.
the forward reaction will have a lower activation energy than the reverse reaction.
E.
the activation energy will change as the reaction progresses.
II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese : (翻譯題 32 分, 每大題 8 分)
1. (Fig.13.1 ) The major types of intermolecular forces in solution are listed in decreasing order of
strength, ion-dipole, H-bond, dipole-dipole, ion-indeuced dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and then
dispersion and an example of each is shown with space-filling models. (Fig.13.11 ) After dissolving
into the nonpolar interior of a bacterial cell membrane via dispersion forces, pairs of antibiotic
molecules aligned end to end span the membrane’s thickness. Ions diffuese through the polar
interior of these molecules, which destroys the cell’s ion balance and its segregation of Na+ outside
and K+ inside. (Fig 13.28) In the process of osmosis, a solution and a solvent (or solutions of
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different concentrations) are separated by a semipermeable membranes, which allows only solvent
molecules to pass through. The molecular scale view show that more solvent molecules enter the
solution than leave it in a given time. (Fig B13.2) In a typical ion-exchange resin, negatively charged
groups are covalently bonded to resin beads, with Na+ ions present to neutralize the charges. Hardwater ions, such as Ca2+, exchange with the Na+ ions, which are dislaced into the flowing water.
(16%)
2. (Fig.14.0, p.564 ) The word’s largest periodic table was displayed at the 2006 Chicago Science
Expedition in the Richard J. Daley Center to emphasize the importance of science in everyday life.
(Fig.14.5 ) Certain Period 2 elements exhibit behaviors that are very similar to those of the Period 3
elements immediately below and to the right. (Fig 14.14 ) Metals with more than one oxidation state
exhibit more metallic behavior in the lower state. Tin(II) and lead(IV) chlorides are white, crystalline,
saltlike solids. In contrast, tin(IV) and lead(IV) chlorides are volatile liquids, indicating the presence
of individual molecules.(Fig. in p.616 ) Thousands of tons of perchlorates are made each year for
use in explosives and fireworks. The white flash of a fire works display is caused by KClO4 reacting
with powdered sulfur and aluminum. At rock concerts and other theatrical productions, mixtures of
KClO4 and Mg are often used for special effects.
3.(P.629 Fig.) The vitalists did not change their beliefs overnight. Indeed, organic compounds do seem
different from inorganic compounds because of their complex structures and compositions.
(Fig.15.3 )-Three five-C skeletons are possible with only single conds. Five more skeletons are
possible with one C=C double bond present. Five more skeletons are possible with one ring present.
Even more would be possible with a ring and a double bond. (Fig.15.9) 3-Methylhexane is chiral
because C-3 is bonded to four different groups. These two models are optical isomers(enantiomers.
The central C in the amino acid alanine is also bonded to four differenet groups. (p.645 Fig.)
Polycyclic aromatic compounds have “fused” ring systems, in which two or more rings share one or
more sides. The simplest is naphahalene, a feedstock for dyes. Many of these compounds have been
shown to have carcinogenic activity.
4. (Fig.16.3)A hot nailglows in oxygen. The same mass of hot steel wool bursts into flame in oxyen.
The greater surface area per unit volume of the steel wool means that more metal makes constact
with oxygen. (Fig.B16.2 ) When a reactant mixture differes in conductivity from the product
mixture, the change in conductivity is proportional to the reaction rate. This method is usually used
when nonionic reactants form ionic products. (Fig.16.9 ) During each half-life, the concentration is
halved. The blow-up spheres, show that after three half-lives, one eighth of the original
concentration remains.(Fig.16.17 ) Only one of the five orientations shown for the collision between
nitrogen monoxice and nitrogen trioxide has the correct orientation to lead to product. In the
effective orientation, contact occurs between the atoms that will become bonded in the product.
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III. Calculation, Derivation and Essay Questions (40%)
1.(P .552 Chapt.13, Prob.13.161) Eighty proof whiskey is 40% ethanol by volume. A man has 7.0
L of blood and drinks 28 mL of the whiskey, of which 22% of the ethanol goes into his blood. (a)
What concentration (in g/mL) of ethanol is in his blood.(density of ethanol is 0.789 g/mL) (b) What
volume (in mL) of whiskey would raise his blood alcohol level to 8.0 x 10-4 g/mL, the level at which
a person is considered intoxicated? ((10%)
2. (P.583, Chapt.14 ) (1) What is the formula structure of diborane (2)Describe the two types of
covalent bonding in this molecule, diborane.(10%)
3.(p.671, Chapt.15 , Figure 15.32 ) Write down the structures of 2-base bounding pars of the
four N-containing bases (the pyrimidines: thymine(T) and cytosine(C) and the purines: guanine(G)
and adenine (A) in the forming of double helix of DNA. (10%)
4. (p.163, Sample Prob. 4.10 ) Consider a simple first-order reaction, A→ B, with rate constant k
(1)derive the integrated rate law ln 【［A］o/［A］t】= k t , where ［A］o is the
concentration of A at t=0, and ［A］t is the concentratin of A at any time t during an
experiment. (6%) (2) prove that half-life of this reaction is, ln 2/k . (4%)
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