Chapter 9: Momentum

Chapter 9: Linear Momentum
Momentum
β€’ Momentum of single mass m
β€’ Total Momentum of several masses
β€’ Conservation of momentum
Momentum 𝑝
β€’ Start with 𝐹 = mπ‘Ž = …
β€’ Single particle , mass β€˜m’ & velocity 𝑣
𝑝 = m𝑣
Units of p [=]
Momentum is a vector, direction is…
β€’ Momentum of system of particles
CQ1
(on board)
Conservation of momentum (p-cons)
β€’ If Fnet = 0, then total momentum of system is
unchanged a.k.a. CONSERVED
ptotal before = ptotal after
(on board)
Impulse J
Dp = Fnet 𝑑𝑑
β€’ Fnet = dp/dt

β€’ For finite Dt,
Fnet,avg = Dp/Dt
 J = Dp = Fnet,avg Dt
β€’ DK = Fnet 𝑑π‘₯ οƒ Area under F-x curve
(on board)
β€’ Dp = Fnet 𝑑𝑑 οƒ Area under F-t curve
(on board)
β€’ CQs: 1,2,3,(4,5 demo),6,7,8,9
P-cons in 1D: gliders on air track
ptotal before = ?
Same speeds
OοƒŸ
οƒ οƒŸ
ptotal after = ?
and bounce off
different speeds ----> <-Same speeds
CQs: 1,2,3,4,5
οƒ οƒŸ
and stick vafter=?
Types of collisions-elastic, inelastic,
perfectly inelastic
Momentum, total energy conserved in ALL types of
collisions.
β€’ KE
conserved
β€’ KE NOT conserved
οƒ 
οƒ 
Elastic
Inelastic
β€’ KE NOT conserved οƒ  Perfectly inelastic
Maximum KE loss; objects stick same final v
(air track, silly putty vs crazy ball)
Examples of p-cons
β€’ Perfectly inelastic collision: v’ = ?
(on board)
β€’ Recoil of gun(M=3kg, m=.01kg,vb=500 m/s)
vG=? J=?, average force=?
(on board)
Elastic collisions
(on board)
p-cons 
KE-cons 
Messy algebra…
Exercise: In perfectly inelastic collision, DKE=?
E-cons AND p-cons
β€’ Speed of bullet – ballistic pendulum
β€’ p-cons then E-cons
β€’ M=5kg, m=10g, h=5cm
CTP-10,14
v1=?
9-52
A 6.5 g bullet moving directly upward at 890 m/s
strikes and passes through the center of mass of
a 2.7 kg block initially at rest. The bullet emerges
from the block moving directly upward at 470
m/s. To what maximum height does the block
then rise above its initial position?
1D p-cons then E-cons
P-cons in 2D
β€’ 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑑 = mπ‘Ž
’Fnet=ma’ along x-axis AND along y-axis
π‘π‘‘π‘œπ‘‘ = m1𝑣1 + m2𝑣2 + m3𝑣3 + …
along x-axis AND along y-axis
Problem 9-75
CQs: 11, 12, 13
9-75
A projectile proton with a speed of 740 m/s
collides elastically with a target proton initially
at rest. The two protons then move along
perpendicular paths, with the projectile path at
33° from the original direction. After the
collision, what are the speeds of (a) the target
proton and (b) the projectile proton?
DRAW A PICTURE, THEN WRITE 2D P-CONS EQS
Center of mass (com)
β€’ 2 equal masses β€˜m’ separated by distance β€˜d’
β€’ masses m1 and m2 separated by distance β€˜d’
β€’ masses m1 and m2 separated by distance β€˜d’,
located at x1 and x2
com in 2D
Center of mass (com) in 2D, 3D
β€’ M = m1 + m2 + + m3 …
β€’
β€’
π‘š1π‘₯1+π‘š2π‘₯2+π‘š3π‘₯3+β‹―
Xcom =
𝑀
π‘š1𝑦1+π‘š2𝑦2+π‘š3𝑦3+β‹―
Ycom =
𝑀
M𝑅 =
𝑖 π‘šπ‘– π‘Ÿπ‘–
9-5
What is the x coordinate (in m) of the center of
mass for the uniform plate shown in the figure if
L = 13 cm?
F=ma for com
M𝑅 =
d/dt 
d/dt 
𝑖 π‘šπ‘– π‘Ÿπ‘–
β€’ 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑑 =
𝑖 𝐹𝑖
=
𝐹𝑒π‘₯𝑑 +
β€’ Explosion of projectile
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 =
𝐹𝑒π‘₯𝑑
(on board)
Explosion of projectile
β€’ External force = gravity causes trajectory
β€’ Internal forces cause explosion