The
238
BIRDS
Wilson
Bulletin--December,
OF UPPER SOUTH
GEOGRAPHICAL
1928
CAROLINA:
A STUDY
DISTRIBUTION
IN
BY A. L. PICKENS
[Concluded from the WILSON BULLETIN, September, 1928, p. 1911
CHIMNEY SWIFT. Chaetura pelagica.
Common summer resident.
RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD. Archilochus
Common
colubris.
summer resident.
KINGBIRD. Tyrann.us tyrunnus.
CRESTED FLYCATCHER.
Common
Myiarchus
summer resident.
Common
crinitus.
summer
resident.
PHOEBE. Sayornis
Winters
phoebe.
in Piedmont;
breeds in the
mountains.
WOOD PEWEE. Myiochanes
ACADIAN FLYCATCHER.
resident.
Carolinian
Common summer resident.
virens.
Emptdonax
Common summer
virescenn.
form ranging into the mountains, to about 2500
feet.
PRAIRIE HORNED LARK.
winter
Otocoris
in the lower Piedmont,
sionally
alpestris
Found in
praticola.
at times abundant,
and ranging
occa-
higher in the hills.
BL~JE JAY. Cyanocitta
cristata
cristata.
Abundant
throughout
the
year.
NORTI~ERN RAVEN. Corvus
dent in the mountains,
corm
Once a yearly resi-
principalis.
this species is apparently
being driven
Still
from its old nesting sites deeper into the mountains.
times, especially
CROW.
baclc
occurs at
in winter.
Corvus
brachyrhynchos
Abundant
brachyrhynchos.
throughout the year.
FISH CROW. Corvus
in the lower Piedmont,
ossifragus.
probably
coast and smaler rivers.
lower Piedmont
bird is rare even
Wm. Hahn, Jr., reports a single nest in the
in April,
STARLING. Sturnus
This Carolinian
on account of the distance from the
1925.
Becoming common throughout
vulgaris.
the
year about towns.
BOBOLINK. Dolichonyx
oryzivorus.
Common migrant,
especially
in spring.
COWBIRD. Molothrus
ater
nter.
Common
in lower
Piedmont
in
winter.
YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRD. Xanthocephalus
cidental,
at times in the winter,
xanthocephalus.
in the lower Piedmont.
Ac-
Birds
of Upper
South Carolina
RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD. Agelaius
m,on in summer. returning
in winter
239
phoeniceus
Com-
phoeniceus.
during warm periods, especially
in lower Piedmont.
MEADOWLARK. Sturnella
magna
Chiefly a winter resident,
magna.
but some pairs have been found breeding both in the upper and lower
Piedmont.
ORCHARD ORIOLE. Zcterus spurius.
times called an Alleghanian
lower
Piedmont
abundantly,
the
when further
wide valleys
it farther
near
form,
Curiously enough, this, some-
I have found breeding only in the
Austroriparian
Zone.
There
it
breeds
up the country one cannot be found.
The
of the Broad River and the Savannah appear to invi:c
north into the upper Piedmont,
locally,
BALTIMORE ORIOLE. Icterus galbula.
C. A. David of Greenvillq
however.
Chiefly a migrant,
but Mr.
found nests in his yard in several different
seasons.
R~JSTY BLACKBIRD. Eu,phagus
Common in winter, es-
caroknus.
pecially in lower Piedmont.
BREWER'S BLACKBIRD.
Euphagus
Mr.
cyanocephalus.
Loomis
took specimens of this bird at Chester in the lower Piedmont in 1886.
Forty years later Prof. Franklin
Sherman and a student found speci-
mens near Clemson College in the upper Piedmont and near the mountains.
A rare winter resident apparently.
PURPLE GRACKLE. Quiscalus
quiscula
quiscula.
Found in winter
in the Piedmont, but Mr. Hahn has also found it breeding in Greenwood County.
BRONZED GRACKLE. Quiscabus
quiscula
lower Piedmont in winter by Loomis.
PURPLE FINCH.
Carpodncus
aeneus.
Reported from
Abundant, at least, at times.
purpurew
purpureus.
Common in
winter.
ENGLISH SPARROW. Passer
domesticus
domesticus.
Abundant
throughout the year.
CROSSHILL. Loxia
curviro.stra
minor.
It is somewhat strange that
this bird which nests in the mountains, and winters on the coast-plain,
should not be recorded, even as a migrant,
mont.
in the intermediate
Pied-
Mr. N. C. Brown has reported it at Camden on the fall-line,
which gives it the right to mention.
GOLDFINCH. Astragalinus
in winter.
Piedmont
tristis
tristis.
Common in the Piedmont
Breeds in the mountains. making excursions into the upper
during summer.
The
240
PINE SISKIN.
Wilson
Bulletin-December,
1928
Common winter
LCpsnus
pinus.
’
LAPLAND L~NGSPUR. Calcarius
lapponicus
resident.
lapponicus.
One rec-
ord from Chester, by Mr. Loomis, January 1, 1881.
SMITH’S
LONGSPUR. Calcarius pictus.
Two specimens from Ches-
ter by Mr. Loomis, one, December 1, 1880, and one February
VESPER SPARROW. Pooecetes gramineus gamineus.
9, 1889.
Common win-
ter resident.
SAVANNAH SPARROW. Passerculus sandwichensis savanna.
mon in winter
Com-
in lower Piedmont.
Ammodramus
GRASSHOPPER SPARROW.
Summer in lower Piedmont,
savannarum
australis.
and along Broad River valley still higher.
HENSLOW’S SPARROW. Passer-herb&s
henslowi henslowi.
Migrant
in lower Piedmont.
LECONTE’S SPARROW. Passerherbulus lecontei.
Winters
in lowei
Piedmont.
WHITE-THROATED
SPARROW. Zonotrichia
albicollis.
Common
winter resident.
CHIPPING SPARROW. Spizella passerina passerina.
Summer resident,
but found in winter near fall-line.
FIELD SPARROW. Spizella
pusilla
pusilla.
Common yearly
resi-
dent.
SLATE-COLORED JUNCO. Junco hyemalis
wi’nter.
The Carolina
variety,
hyemalis.
J. h. carolinensis,
Common
in
appears to visit us
in very cold weather.
BACHMAN’S SPARROW. Peucaea aestivalis bachmani.
tor in lower Piedmont.
An Austral
form
apparently
Summer visilimited
to the
lower Piedmont.
SONG SPARROW. Melospiza
resident in Piedmont;
melodia
Common
winter
valleys occasionally
during
melodia.
found in mountain
the summer.
SWAMP SPARROW. Melospizu
Chester as a common migrant;
dent; at Greenville
georgiana.
Loomis
Hahn at Greenwood
records it at
as a winter
resi-
I have noted it only as a spring migrant.
Fox SPARROW. Passerella iliaca iliaca.
Winter
resident, arriving
late.
TOWHEE.
yearly
Pipilo
erythrophthalmus
resident, and of P. e. alleni,
erythrophthalmus.
Common
a single female was found breed-
ing near Greenwood by Mr. Hahn, 1923.
Birds of Upper
CARDINAL. Cardinalis
dent.
An Austral
South Carolina
cardinalis
form
ranging
241
Common yearly resi-
cardinalis.
into the mountains,
at points, quite
to the summit.
ROSE-BREASTED GIIOSBEAK.
Hedymeles
A some-
ludovicianus.
I have found it at Greenville
what uncommon migrant.
BLUE GROSBEAK. Guiraca caeruln caerula.
only in spring.
Common summer resi-
dent to foot of the mountains.
INDIGO BUNTING. Passerina
PAINTED BUNTING. Passerinn
barely above the fall-line
DICKCISSEL. Spiza
Common summer resident.
cyanea.
I have noted a single female
ciris.
near Columbia,
Formerly
americana.
mont, as noted in Wayne’s
May 21, 1923.
nested in lower Pied-
Birds of South Carolina.
SCARLET TANAGER. l’iranga
Migrant
erythromelas.
in Piedmont.
Breeds in mountains.
SUMMER TNIGER.
Pirangn
rubru
ru~bra.
Common summer resi-
de&, &en iti mountains.
PURPLE MARTIN.
Progne
Common summer resident,.
subis subis.
BARN SWALLOW. Hirundo
Migrant
er$hrogast;n.
in lower Pied-
mont.
TREE SWAKOW.
Iridoprocne
species onl~y on the coast-plain
I have encountered
bicolor.
during migration,
this
but Loomis records
two specimens from Chester in the lower Piedmont.
ROITGH-PINGED SWALLOW. Stelgidopteryx
xmmer
serripennis.
Common
resident.
CEDAR WAXWING. Rombycila
Found in higher
cedrorum.
Pied-
mont, or in the nearby mountains nearly every month in the year, but
nests in this state remain to be discovered.
LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE.
Lank
ludovicianus
resident, but more common in the winter.
v.ari._
with the char-
ety I have measured a specimen, taken near Greenville,
acteristics of the present form
from Florida.
.Yearl y
ludovicianus.
Seeking the migrans
even more marked than in specimens
An Au::troriparian
form
often found near the m&n-
tains in summer.
RED-EYED VIREO.
I’ireosylva
olivacea.
YELLOW-THROATED VIREO. Lanivireo
Common summer resident.
flavifrons.
A common mi-
grant; breeds at times.
BLUE-HEADED VIREO.
migrant.
The Mountain
I,anivireo
Solitary
solitati’us
solitarius;
variety;. L: s:..aZticiiZ&.%
Occasional
2
‘ zornti0.n.
The
242
Wilson
Bulletin-December,
summer resident in the higher
Alleghanian
1928
mountains.
This is a Canadian
and
form.
WHITE-EYED
VIREO.
throughout Piedmont,
Vireo
griseus griseus.
Summer
resident
to foot of the mountains.
BLACK AND WHITE
WARBLER. Mniotilta
uariu.
mer resident, in higher Piedmont and in mountains.
Common
Migrant
sum-
in lower
Piedmont.
PROTHONOTARY WARBLER. Protonotaria
form
citrea.
that ranges so far north in the Mississippi
two records in upper South Carolina,
Of this Austral
Valley,
I have but
neither above five hundred feet
in regard to altitude.
SWAINSON’S WARBLER. Lymnothlypis
Loomis
swainsoni.
found
one in Chester County, and Mr. Hahn three in Greenwood, and a single
nest, July 3, 1924.
lower Piedmont,
All these records and others are below or in the
and this is an Austroriparian
WORM-EATING WARBLER. Helmitheros
form
that is migrant
Fairly
in the Piedmont
vermivorus.
A Carolinian
but breeds in the mountains.
common, from the lower valleys on up.
BLUE-WINGED WARBLER. Vermiuora
Chester, April
30, 1887.
pinus.
spot as shown on the map, I failed
years later.
NASHVILLE
hypothetical
chrysoptera.
A rare mi-
and Loomis found it nesting near Caesars’ Head.
the identical
some thirty
One specimen from
Collected by Loomis.
GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER. Vermivora
grant in Piedmont,
Visiting
species.
_4n Alleghanian
WARBLER.
Vermivora
to find any,
form.
ruficapilla.
This
heretofore
species was collected near Clemson College by Mr. G. E.
Hudson, April
27, 1927.
(.4uk, January, 1928).
TENNESSEE WARBLER. Vermiuora
peregrina.
A common fall mi-
grant in the Piedmont.
NORTHERN PARULA WARBLER. Compsothlypis
Intergradations
of both this and the typical
occur in the Piedmont
during
migration.
americana
pusilla.
Parula, C. a. americana
Apparently
the northern
form is more common as a mountain breeder.
CAPE MAY WARBLER. Dendroica
tigrina.
A common spring mi-
grant about Greenville.
YELLOW WARBLER. Dendroica aestiva aestiva.
Common migrant;
breeds in mountain valleys, and perhaps in upper Piedmont.
Birds of Upper
South Carolina
243
BLACK-THROATEDBLUE WARBLER. Dendroica caerulescens caerulescens. Both the typical form and Cairn’s variety, D. c. cairnsi, are
found in the Piedmont as migrants, the latter may occasionally breed
in our mountains. Both are Alleghanian forms.
MYRTLE WARBLER. Dendroica coronta.
seen in winter.
MAGNOLIA WARBLER. Dendroica
grant.
Common migrant; often
A less common mi-
magnolia.
CERULEANWARBLER. Dendroica cerulea.
from lower Piedmont.
Migrant, reported only
CHESTNUT-SIDEDWARBLER. Dendroica pensylvanica.
An Alleghanian species breeding in the mountains. Migrant in the Piedmont.
BAY-BREASTED
WARBLER. Dendroica castanea.
Piedmont.
BLACK-POLL W_~RBLER.Dendroica
grant.
striatu.
Spring migrant in
Common spring mi-
BLACKBURNIANWARBLER. Dendroica fusca. Migrant.
Loomis
found it common in the autumn though rare in spring. My abservations are rather for spring. He to& specimens in the higher mauntains in June.
YELLOW-THROA&D WARBLER. Dendroica #dominica dominica.
Loomis found this common in summer at Chester in the lower Piedmont. This is an Austroriparian form. The Sycamore variety, B. d.
albilora, ranges also into the Carolinian, and this form Loomis found
breeding in Pickens County near, or among, the mountains.
BLACK-THRO~~TED
GREEN WARBLER. Dendroica virens. An Alleghanian speciesthat nests in the mountains. Migrant through Piidmont.
KIRTLAND’S WARBLER. Dendroica kirtlandi.
Recorded by Loomis
and also by Jenness as migrant in the eastern part of the Piedmont.
No other records.
PINE WARBLER. Dendroica
common in winter.
vigorsi.
Common yearly resident;
PALM WARBLER. Dendroica palmarum palmarum.
As far east as
Chester, Loomis found this and its variety, the Yellow Palm Warbler,
D. p. hypochrysea, about equal in number in spring. I have found
it very rare in any form in the higher Piedmont.
PRAIRIE WARBLER. Dendroica discolor.
Piedmont migrant;
mountain valleys in summer. A species of the Austral z&es.
in
244
The
Wilson
Bulletin-December,
OVEN-BIRD. Seiurus aurocapillus.
mountain
breeder,
1928
Migrant
seeming to prefer
higher
in Piedmont;
common
altitudes though a Caro-
linian form.
WATER-THRIJSH.
Piedmont.
Seiurus
Most forms
Grinnell’s
noveboracensis.
according
Water-thrush,
to Loo&
others being
Migratory
in
lower
are S. n. notabilis,
intermediate
with
true
or
S. n.
noveboracensis, which is rare.
LOUISIANA WATER-THRUSH. Seiurus motacilla.
common
in the mountains
in summer,
A Carolinian
and migrating
form
through
the
Piedmont.
KENTUCKY WARHLER.
mont;
Oporornis
breeds in mountains.
formosus.
A Carolinian
CONNECTICUT WARBLER. Oporornis
in Piedmont.
Migrant
in
Pied-
form.
agilis.
Rare spring migrant
This is in-
by all records from Loomis and my notes.
teresting, as the spring route of this species is supposed to barely tip
the tiestern corner of the state.
A com-
MARYI,AND YEI.LOW-THROAT. Geothlypis trichas trichas.
mon summer resident.
the fall-line
G.. t. ignota, occurs along
The Fl ori‘d a variety,
even in winter.
YELLOW-BREASTEDCHAT. Icteria virens virens.
resident throughout
the Piedmont,
Common summer
and to the tops of the mountains,
though an Austral form.
HOODED WARBLER. Wilsonia
citrina.
Common migrant
in Pied-
mont, and less f?equent as a summer resident; breeds well up into the
~
mountains.
WILSON’S WARBLER. Wilsonia pusilla pusilla.
May
Loomis’ record of
10; 1887, at Chester, remains’. the .only one, for .not only upper
S.?uth Carolina,
t;fl!$n,neay
but the,.state, except for two males taken by Mr. G. E.
Clemson in t,he spiing of 1927.
CANADA WARBLER. Wilsonia
canadensis.
(Auk, Jgnuary, 1928).
Migrant
in Piedmont:
rarer in fall.
_. -‘
REDSTART. Setophaga ruticilla.
A common migrant
both spring
and fall.
PIPIT.
Anthus rubescens.
Migrant
in upper Piedmont;
in winter
in lower,
MOCKINGBIRD. Mimas
resident in Piedmont.
CATBIRD): Du’tietklla’
polygldttos
1.
cni&i&nCs.
polyglottos.
Common
:
Common summ’ef r&dent.
yearly
Birds
BROWN THRASHER.
CAROLINA WREN.
of Upper
South
Carolina.
Toxostoma rufum.
Thryothorus
‘2 45
Common yearly resident.
ludovicianus
ludovicianus.
Com-
mon yearly resident.
BEWICK’S WREN.
winter;
Thryomanes bewicki bewicki.
breeds in mountains.
A Carolinian
In Piedmont
in
form.
HOUSE WREN. Troglodytes aedon aedon.
Rare
at all seasons;
one breeding record from the lower Piedmont.
WINTER WREN. Nannus hiemalis hiemalis.
Common winter resi-
dent.
SHORT-BILLED MARSH WREN.
Cistothorus stellaris.
Rare during
migration.
LONG-BILLED MARSH. WREN.
Migrant
Telmatodytes
palustris
palustris
at Chester.
BROWN CREEPER. Certhia familiaris
americana.
Common winter
resident.
WHITE-BREASTED
Yearly
NIJTHATCH.
Sitta
carolinensis
resident at points in upper Piedmont
appear to be a winter
cate a dividing
carolinensis.
and mountains.
Would
resident only, at some points, which may indi-
area between
this and the Florida
variety
of the
species which occurs nearer the coast, S. c. atkinsi.
RED-BREASTEDNUTHATCH.
Sitta canadensis.
BROWN-HEADED NUTHATCH.
Sitta
pusilla.
A rare migrant.
This
Austroriparian
form is a yearly resident and breeder to about 2000 feet in the Alpine
regions.
TUFTED TITMOUSE. Bacolophus bicolor.
Carolinian
form;
yearly
resident.
CAROLINA CHICKADEE. Penthestes carolinensis.
Carolinian
form.
This and the preceding
and down in the Piedmont regions.
Chickadee,
Penthestes atricapillus,
Throughout
year;
occur to the mountain-tops
Of the occurrence of the Common
in the lower
Piedmont
Regulus satrapa satrapa.
Common
RUBY-CROWNEDKINGLET. Regulus calendula calendula.
Common
section there is good hypothetical
GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET.
in winter
evidence.
winter resident.
winter resident.
BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER. Polioptila
tral form.
caerula caerula.
An Aus-
Summer resident, but more common during migration,
in
The
246
the Piedmont;
Wilson
Bulletin-December,
1928
does not nest in the mountains as a rule, it would seem,
though it may penetrate mountain! vales.
WOOD THRUSH. Hylocichla
mustelina.
A common summer resi-
dent.
Hylocichla
VEERY.
An accidental Willow
fuscescens fuscescens.
f. salicicola,
Thrush, II.
A common migrant.
was taken at Chester by
Loomis, October 5, 1888.
GRAY-CHEEKED
THRUSH.
Hylocichla
Two of Bicknell’s variety,
migrant.
Chester, by Loomis in the migrations
OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH.
aliciae aliciae.
H. a. bicknelli,
A common
were taken at
of the spring and fall
Hylocichla
of 1887.
ustulata swa<nsoni.
A com-
mon migrant.
HERMIT
Hylocichla
THRUSH.
guttata
pallasi.
Common
winter
resident.
Planesticus
ROBIN.
The Southern
upper Piedmont
Hill
migratorius
and Carolinian
and mountains,
in York County.
form,
migratorius.
Winter
resident.
P. m. achrusterus, nests in the
and I have found it nesting at Rock
Here Hickory
Knob,
lower eminences of the Kings Mountain
in height, serve to bring Carolinian
1200 feet in altitude,
and
range, while less than alpine
and Austroriparian
more sharply
together along the upper Wateree than any place I have taken notice
of.
BLUEBIRD. Siulia sialis sialis.
[The
’ GREENVILLE,
foregoing
SOUTH
Common yearly
resident.
list contains 220 named forms.-Ed.]
CAROLINA.