Chapter 3
Erosion and Deposition
The Big Question:
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Design a way to represent and describe the 4 types of mass movement. You
may use pictures, diagrams, list, web, chart, etc…
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Chapter 3: Erosion and Deposition
“The Big ?”--- What processes shape the surface of the land?
Lesson 1: Mass Movement
I. Processes Changing Earth’s Surface
A. _____________________: The process by
which natural forces __________________
weathered rock and soil from one place
to another.
1. Created By:
a. _______________________
b. Moving water
c. _______________________
d. Waves
e. _______________________
2. Sediment: Consists of _______________ or soil, or the remains
of __________________ and _______________________.
B. Deposition: ________________________ (lay down) sediment
C. Continuous Cycle: Weathering, ______________________ and
deposition act together in a ______________________ that wears
down and ___________________ up Earth’s surface.
D. Gravity
1. The _____________ that pulls rock and other materials downhill
2. Causes mass ___________________________
II. Mass Movement: Process that moves sediment _______________________
A. ___________________: Rapid downhill movement of a mixture of
___________________, rock, and soil. (Often occur after heavy rain)
B. ___________________: Occurs when rock and soil slide quickly down a
____________________ slope.
C. Slump: A mass of rock and soil
______________________ slip down a
slope (one __________________ mass)
D. ______________________: Very
______________ downhill movement of
rock and soil. (Often the result from the
freezing and ___________________)
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Represent and describe the 5 factors that affect water runoff.
Draw and label a diagram that shows the difference between rill, gully, stream and
river
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Lesson 2: Water Erosion
I. How Does Moving Water Cause Erosion?
A. Runoff: Water moving over the ___________________
1. ___________________ Erosion: When runoff flows in a thin
layer over the land.
2. Factors
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Affecting Runoff:
The _____________________ of rain
Vegetation
Type of ________________
_________________ of land
How people __________ land
B. Stream Formation
1. _______________: Tiny grooves in the soil.
2. _______________: A large groove, or _______________,
in the soil that carries runoff after a rainstorm.
3. Stream: Channel along which water is _________________
flowing down a slope. (Large = River)
4. __________________: Stream or river that flows into a
________________ river.
5. Drainage Basin (__________________): Area from which a
river and its tributaries ____________________ their water.
II. What Land Features Are Formed by Water Erosion and Deposition?
A. Water Erosion
1. Valleys: Rivers create
____________, V-shaped valleys.
2. Waterfalls: _______________ rock
wears away _________ than harder rock.
a. Rapids: Rough water; occurs where
a river tumbles over hard _______.
3. _______________ Plains: Flat, wide
area of ________________ along a river
that fills with water when a river floods.
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Represent the features formed when land is eroded by water. You may use chart,
venn diagram, drawing, diagram, etc…
Represent and describe the land features formed by water deposition.
Draw and describe the difference between stalactites and stalagmites
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4. ___________________: Looplike bend in the course of a river.
1. Erosion on ________________ banks of river
2. Meander becomes ________________ over time
5. Oxbow Lakes: A meander that has been _______ from the river
B. Water Deposition
1. __________________: Sediments deposited
where a ___________________ flows into an
ocean or ____________ build up.
2. Alluvial ________: A wide, sloping deposit of
________________________ formed where
a stream leaves a _________________ range.
C. Groundwater Erosion
1. Groundwater: ____________ soaked into the ______________
2. Break Down: Groundwater can cause erosion through ________
weathering (_____________ acid breaks down ____________)
3. ______ Formations: Water containing carbonic acid and calcium
from limestone drips from a cave’s roof. Carbon dioxide escapes
from the ________________, leaving behind a deposit of calcite.
a. ____________________: Deposit that hangs from
the ceiling of the cave (“c”= ceiling; holding “tite”)
b. ____________________: Deposit that builds up
from the floor (“g”=ground; careful…you “mite” step on
one)
4. ________________ Topography: A region in which a layer of
limestone close to the ___________________ creates deep
_________________, caverns, and _____________________.
Lesson 3: Glacial Erosion
I. How Do Glaciers Form and Move?
A. ______________________: Any large mass of _______ that moves
______________ over land.
B. Can only form where ___________ snow _________ than __________.
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etc…
Compare and Contrast the two types of Glaciers. You may use Venn diagram, chart,
Represent and describe 2 ways glaciers cause erosion. You may use words,
diagrams, drawings, etc…
Represent and describe the landforms created by glacier deposition.
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C. Types of Glaciers
1. ________________________ Glaciers
a. Covers much of a continent or large _________.
b. ____% of Earth’s land
c. Antarctica and ______________________
d. Can move in _______ directions
e. _______ ________: Times when these glaciers
covered much of the Earth.
f. Most recent retreat: ____________ years ago
2. ____________________ Glacier
a. Long, ______________ glacier that forms when
snow and ice build up high in a
________________________ valley.
b. Gravity pulls it _____________________
II. How Do Glaciers Cause Erosion and Deposition?
A. Erosion
1. Plucking: Process by which a glacier
_______ up rocks. (Rock fragments
freeze to the bottom of a glacier.)
2. ____________________: The
rock on the bottom of the glacier
being dragged across the land
gouges and ______________ the
bedrock..
a. Grooves
b. Striations
B. Deposition
1. ___________: Mixture of __________________ a
glacier deposits directly on the surface.
(Clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders)
2. Moraine: Till deposited at the _______ of a glacier
a. Terminal Moraine: __________________
formed at the _____________________
point reached by a glacier.
3. _________________: Small ________________
that forms when a chuck of __________ is left in
glacier till and melts.
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Represent and describe the 6 other landforms created by glaciers.
Represent and describe the 4 landforms created by wave erosion.
Represent and describe the 5 landforms created by wave deposition
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C. Other Glacial Landforms:
Lesson 4: Wave Erosion
1. ____________: Forms when the level of the ___
rises, filling a _________________ once cut by a
glacier.
2. __________________: When glaciers carve
away the __________________ of a mountain,
the result is a sharpened __________________.
3. ____________: A bowl-shaped hollow eroded by a
glacier.
4. Arete: Sharp _______ separating two ________.
5. Glacial ______________: Glaciers may leave
behind large lakes in _____________ basins.
6. U-Shaped ____________________: A flowing
glacier scoops out a __________________ valley.
I. How Do Waves Cause Erosion and Deposition?
A. Erosion by __________________
1. __________________ in waves comes from ______________
2. Waves shape the _________________ through erosion by
____________________ down rock and _________________
sand and other ______________________.
3. 2 ways waves ________________ the land:
a. _______________ (large waves hit rock with great force)
b. _______________ (sediment in water breaks down rock)
4. _________________: Part of the shore that sticks out into the
ocean. (Made of harder rock that resists erosion by the waves.)
B. Landforms Created by Wave Erosion
1. _____ _________: Waves erode a _____________ area in rock
2. Wave-cut ____________: Waves erode base of cliff (collapses)
3. Sea _________: Waves erode a _____________ of softer rock
that underlies a layer of _________________ rock
4. Sea stack: ______ collapses, but pillar of rock remains standing
C. Deposits by Waves
1. ______________: Area of wave-washed sediment along a coast.
2. Longshore ___________: Waves hit beach at an angle, creating
a current _________________ to the coastline moving sediment.
3. ______________: Long ridges of sand parallel to the ________.
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Represent and describe the 2 causes of wind erosion. You may use words, drawings,
diagrams, etc…
Represent and describe two landforms created by wind deposition. You may use
diagrams, drawings, words, etc…
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4. __________ __________:
Forms when ____________ waves
pile up large amounts of sand above
sea level, forming a long, narrow
___________ parallel to the coast.
5. Spits: A beach that projects
like a _____________ out into the
water. (Result of
___________________ current)
a. Created where a headland
or other obstacle interrupts
longshore drift or where the
__________ turns abruptly.
Lesson 5: Wind Erosion
I. How Does Wind Cause Erosion and Deposition?
A. ______________________: The process by which wind removes
________________ materials.
1. ________________ pavement: Deflation can sometimes create
an area of rock ___________________ (wind blew away smaller
sediment, leaving rocky material)
B. ______________________: Wind-carried sand can
___________________ rocks but causes relatively little
_________________________
C. Deposition by Wind:
1. Sand _____________: When wind meets an _____________,
a _________________ of windblown sand forms.
a. __________________ of sand dune depends on:
1. ________________________ of wind
2. __________________ of sand
3. Presence of ____________________
b. Sand dunes can _______________
2. _______________ Deposits: Sediment ______________ than
sand (i.e. sand or clay) is dropped _______ from its source in large
_________________ (Helps form fertile ____________) for
___________________
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