USA Grows
CHAPTER 11
Industrial Revolution

Change from making products by hand to using machines and tools

Began in 1793 in USA

Picked up around time of War of 1812 b/c of British blockade

Led to growth of cities in USA
New England Factories

Sam Slater built first spinning mill factory in USA in Rhode Island

Was a great place to build factories b/c they needed water to run
the machines and also rivers for transportation, both of which New
England had a lot of
Lowell Factory

Francis Cabot Lowell built a factory in MA

Spun cotton into cloth

A lot of women worked here

Workers were paid very well ($2-$4/week)
Interchangeable parts

Parts that can be used in multiple pieces of product

Before interchangeable parts, no two pieces of a product were
alike

These allow for quicker and better manufacturing

Eli Whitney was first to start using these (muskets)
New inventions during Industrial
Revolution

Steam engine- James Watt

Cotton gin- Eli Whitney

Threshing machine

Locomotive

Steamboat-Robert Fulton

Reaper-Cyrus McCormick

Telegraph- Samuel Morse

Photography

Steel plow- John Deere
Cotton Gin

Before cotton gin, a worker could only clean one pound of cotton
per day

After the cotton gin, they could clean 50 pounds of cotton per day

Partly responsible for growth of slavery and southern economy
staying mostly agricultural (farming)
Slavery increases

1808, it becomes illegal in US to import slaves from Africa

Between 1810-1840, number of slaves doubled

In 1840, only 1/3 of southerners owned slaves and only 10% of them
had more than 20 slaves

Even southerners who didn’t own slaves supported the idea of
slavery

1840, only 5% of African Americans were free in the south
Slave Rebellions

Nat Turner led a revolt with 70 other man killed 55 white people in
VA

Most of the men were killed or captured

Turner was captured, tried, and hanged

200 African Americans were killed throughout the south by whites in
revenge for Turners rebellion
Slave Culture

Common culture developed in the 1800s among the slaves in the
south

This culture helped sustain them through their horrible ordeal

Religion was very important to the slaves

Slaves sang spirituals, folk songs that has religious themes

Were foundation for jazz, blues, and other types of modern American
music
Atlantic Slave Trade

Slavery was very common in Africa going back to the Ancient
Egyptians

When the Europeans set up colonies in Africa, slavery increased

Millions of Africans were taken for slavery
Horrors of Slavery

20 percent died on ships

Branded with hot irons

Slaves received little food or water on the ships
Nationalism

Feeling of pride and loyalty to your country

Increased in USA during War of 1812
American System

President Madison’s plan to make American economy self sufficient

Part 1- protective tariff making American products cheaper

Part 2- establish a national bank that would create one national
currency

Part 3- improve transportation
Election 1816

James Monroe wins election (Democratic Republican)

Showed that Americans were ok with strong federal gov’t

Monroe’s presidency became known as “Era of Good Feelings”
Canal Era

Main way to transport products before the train

Erie Canal was the biggest canal built (connected upstate NY to
NYC)
Sectionalism

Loyalty to interests of your region or section of the country

West- they wanted cheap land

NE-focused on manufacturing and trade

South-focused on slavery and farming
Missouri compromise

1817, MO applies to become a state

At the time, there were 11 slave and 11 free states

Admitted MO (slave state) and ME (free state) to keep the
balance\

Also banned slavery north of southern border of MO
Mason Dixon Line

Became a symbol of border between slave and free states

On the border of MD and PA
Borders set

1818, US and British reached an agreement on border between US
and Canada

1819, Spain agrees to give Florida to US which extends southern
border
Monroe Doctrine (1823)

President Monroe ordered that “the Americas” was closed to
colonization

Told Europeans to stay out of this part of the world and we would
defend our interests

Also agreed that US would stay out of European matters