RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
FOR
NORTH
KOREAN
SOCIETY
http://www.goodfriends.or.kr/[email protected]
Weekly Newsletter
No.438
(Released in Korean on January 18, 2012)
[“Good Friends” aims to help the North Korean people from a humanistic point of
view and publishes “North Korea Today” describing the way the North Korean
people live as accurately as possible. We at Good Friends also hope to be a bridge
between the North Korean people and the world.]
___________________________________________________________________________
[Intro] The Power of A bowl of Rice
An Hoeryong, 10 Days Food Ration, like to Have “The New Life”
Nationwide Rally of Loyalty
In the Beginning of This year, M any Hom es Up for Sale
Pyongyang Officials Use Bank Cards Instead of Foreign Currencies
“Giving Up the Pride of a Teacher, and Losing Face As W ell”
Concerns About Childcare Problem s Am ong W ealthy Pyongyang M others
[Intro] The Power of a Bowl of Rice
A
sick
mother
is
making
grass
porridge
mixed
with
a
handful
of
corn
for
her
11
year
old
son,
who
is
about
to
go
out
to
collect
fire
wood
in
the
early
morning
hours.
It’s
not
enough
food
for
both
of
them.
The
mother
puts
her
porridge
into
her
son’s
bowl
while
he
is
not
looking.
This
is
a
scene
from
“Winter
Butterfly”
a
2011
non‐fiction
movie
of
what
happened
10
years
ago
in
North
Hwanghae
Province.
It
was
produced
by
a
North
Korean
movie
director
Kim
Kyu‐Min.
The
movie
shows
that
the
mother
eventually
couldn’t
even
feed
her
son
who
had
fainted
and
was
dying
from
hunger.
She
finally
kneels
down
in
front
of
a
portrait
of
the
Supreme
Leader
and
prays
desperately
to
be
able
to
feed
her
son
a
bowl
of
rice.
But
it
has
a
tragic
ending.
A
woman
in
Hoeryong,
who
was
so
thankful
for
having
received
10
days
of
food
rations
at
the
beginning
of
the
New
Year,
reminded
me
of
this
movie.
I
felt
that
the
North
Korean
people
would
ask
us
what
we
did
while
they
were
starving
to
death.
We
are
doing
nothing
although
North
Koreans’
survival
depends
upon
a
bowl
of
porridge.
I
strongly
make
an
appeal
to
the
South
Korean
government
and
international
community
for
humanitarian
aid
to
support
North
Koreans
who
are
undergoing
another
harsh
winter.
In Hoeryong, 10 Days Food Rations is Like Having “A New Life”
Three
off‐days
were
given
as
a
holiday
to
commemorate
Kim
Jung‐Un’s
birthday,
the
chairman
of
the
Party’s
Central
Military
Commission.
But
the
leave
was
cancelled
on
January
8th,
which
was
his
actual
birthday.
Kim
Jung‐Un
didn’t
even
take
one
day
off,
saying,
“how
can
I
celebrate
my
birthday
while
we’re
mourning
for
the
Supreme
Leader’s
death?”
Instead,
food
rations
were
distributed
for
10
days
beginning
Thursday,
January
5th
in
Hoeryong
City,
North
Hamgyeong
Province.
The
mixture
ratio
of
rice
to
corn
in
the
food
ration
was
1
to
9,
which
was
scanty.
It
compared
unfavourably
to
the
5‐5
or
3‐7
ratios
in
prior
years.
Yet
it
was
still
a
good
fortune
to
have
anything.
A
woman
that
we
met,
a
mother
of
a
child,
said
that
this
was
like
having
“a
new
life”.
She
was
just
so
thankful
for
getting
rice
and
corn
regardless
of
the
mixture
ratio.
This
was
the
first
food
distribution
since
2
Kilograms
of
rice
were
distributed
on
November
13,
2011.
She
said
she
still
remembers
that
day
with
gratitude
and
described
it
in
detail.
On
that
November
morning,
farm
workers
were
heading
to
the
farm
management
office
in
order
to
receive
rice
rations
that
were
made
available
from
either
the
Chinese
or
another
foreign
aid.
People
made
so
many
excuses
to
stay
away
from
mandatory
farm
mobilization
during
the
harvest
season,
but
it
was
different
that
morning.
The
courtyard
was
filled
with
people.
It
was
even
a
Sunday.
The
farm
police
officer,
the
security
agent,
the
secretary
of
Divisional
Party,
and
the
management
committee
were
seated
precariously
on
wooden
chairs.
People
stepped
forward
as
their
names
were
called
by
the
farm
manager
and
received
2
kilograms
of
rice
after
all
paperwork
was
completed.
Half
of
the
rice
administered
by
the
central
government
is
sent
to
the
People’s
army,
and
some
of
the
remaining
quantity
is
for
coalmines,
power
plant
construction
sites
and
other
locations;
therefore,
only
about
2kg
of
rice
is
distributed
to
each
household.
Whilst
the
distribution
of
rice
was
processed,
a
strange
person
who
looked
like
an
official
disappeared
to
the
downtown
area
with
10
bags
of
rice
after
having
short
conversation
with
four
other
officials.
A
neighbor
called
Myunghak
suspected
that
the
rice
was
being
sent
to
another
Special
Labor
Brigade,
but
no
one
responded
to
it
and
Myunghak
did
not
intend
to
search
for
any
answers.
“There
are
no
symbols
or
lettering
on
the
surface
of
the
rice
bag.
Who
was
generous
enough
to
send
this
rice?
Those
who
sent
this
rice
could
not
possibly
imagine
how
much
a
2kg
bag
of
rice
means
to
those
of
us
living
on
corn
porridge.
If
we
trade
the
rice
and
corn,
our
four
family
members
can
eat
corn
rice
instead
of
one
or
two
meals
of
corn
porridge.
Rice
costs
2,500
won/kg,
and
corn
is
750
won/kg,
so
we
could
get
6‐7kg
of
corn
for
selling
rice.
Half
of
the
rice
could
also
be
for
with
corn,
and
the
rest
for
fuel
firewood”.
Chulee
is
a
mother
who
is
busy
thinking
about
a
better
deal
she
could
get
by
leveraging
this
ration.
Finally,
after
she
came
back
with
rice,
she
cooked
a
porridge
using
a
handful
of
rice
with
water
and
wanted
to
fill
her
stomach
with
porridge.
She
seasoned
the
porridge
with
a
spoonful
of
Chinese
seasoning.
Rice
porridge
is
nothing
like
corn
porridge.
Even
one
spoonful
tastes
so
much
better
and
it
sets
her
up
for
a
more
effective
day.
The
whole
family
was
overjoyed
by
one
bowl
of
rice
porridge,
and
Mother
Chulee
couldn’t
contain
her
joy
saying,
“Rice
contains
many
kinds
of
essential
nutrition
that
is
necessary
for
body
and
can
keep
us
from
malnutrition”.
However,
the
joy
lasted
for
a
brief
moment,
and
she
also
had
to
think
about
the
next
day’s
meal.
“We
have
this
rice
today
but
how
about
tomorrow?
Tomorrow
is
tomorrow,
live
or
die,
that’s
all.
We
have
survived
with
corn
porridge
so
far,
and
so
this
seemed
like
a
dream
for
her
family
that
they
would
receive
rive
distribution
ay
state
price
for
10
days,
regardless
whether
the
rations
are
rice
and
corn.
Nationwide Rally of Loyalty
Workplaces,
businesses,
and
neighbourhood
units
across
the
country
held
rallies
to
show
their
allegiance
toward
the
newly
appointed
Supreme
Commander
Kim
Jong
Un.
Everyone
chanted
and
expressed
their
determination
to
“turn
grief
into
strength
and
courage
and
pave
the
way
for
the
Juche
Revolution.”
It
has
been
decided
that
the
border
will
undergo
a
period
of
tightened
security
until
January
10th.
Each
guard
post
stationed
at
the
mountain
peaks
will
use
a
telescope
to
conduct
searches
on
populated
streets
and
monitor
the
residents
who
climb
the
mountains
to
look
for
firewood.
Searches
will
be
more
thorough
for
visitors
of
the
area.
The
tightened
security
is
expected
to
loosen
up
only
after
the
Lunar
New
Year.
Supplies
from
China
have
not
been
able
to
get
to
their
destinations
because
the
border
customs
have
shut
down
due
to
Kim
Jong
Il’s
death.
The
Chinese
government,
in
view
of
Kim’s
mourning
period,
extended
the
docket
warrant
expiration
until
the
end
of
January.
At the Beginning of This Year, M any Hom es up for Sale
The
year
started
with
a
surge
in
houses
put
up
for
sale.
Those
who
were
barely
able
to
afford
to
buy
homes
before
the
currency
reform
now
seek
to
raise
start‐up
capital
by
selling
their
houses.
The
sales
prices
of
decent
single‐family
houses
range
from
5
million
won
to
15
million
won,
which
is
equivalent
to
2
million
yuan
and
3,000
US
dollars.
Since
it
is
too
large
a
sum
for
most
people,
homeowners
have
difficulty
finding
potential
buyers.
Only
the
wealthiest
people
and
rich
officials,
who
can
afford
multiple
houses,
are
running
around
for
a
best
deal.
Lee
Myongsuk
from
Chungjin,
North
Hamgyong
Province
bought
her
single‐family
house
for
1.5
million
won
in
1997
with
40
thousands
yuan
of
financial
support
from
relatives
in
Yanji,
China,
and
500
thousand
won
from
selling
the
house
she
had
lived
in
previously.
It
has
a
small
vegetable
garden
and
an
outhouse.
She
had
been
doing
fine
with
the
house
until
the
2009
currency
reform,
when
the
national
economy
collapsed.
She
failed
to
find
anyone
interested
in
buying
the
house
she
recently
put
up
for
sale
for
5
million
won.
Last
year,
she
ran
a
business
selling
to
retailers
all
types
of
Chinese
goods
coming
out
of
Rajin‐
Sunbong—cigarettes,
home
electronics,
and
other
consumer
goods—with
help
from
relatives
in
China.
The
business
was
not
good
enough
to
bring
her
back
to
the
level
of
economic
stability
she
had
enjoyed
before.
While
she
is
planning
to
revive
her
career
by
opening
a
used
clothing
store
with
the
money
from
selling
her
house,
she
is
still
worried
by
the
slim
prospect
of
finding
a
buyer.
Officials in Pyongyang Use Bank Cards Instead of Foreign Currencies
The
new
nationwide
prohibition
of
the
use
of
foreign
currency
now
allows
only
foreigners
in
Pyongyang
to
use
foreign
currencies.
Thus
far,
the
prohibition
has
had
limited
impact
on
Pyongyang
officials’
use
of
services
that
only
accept
foreign
currencies.
These
officials
replaced
the
actual
foreign
currencies
with
a
bank
issued
money
card.
This
card
could
be
issued
to
anyone
who
deposited
a
minimum
of
$1,000
US
dollars
in
a
bank.
A
Central
Party
official
said
that
some
of
the
party's
officials
were
relieved
by
the
minimal
impact
on
their
daily
spending
by
using
the
bank
cards.
It
is
a
different
story,
however,
when
foreign
trades
are
considered.
Therefore,
the
relief
felt
by
the
officials
was
too
immature.
The
use
of
the
bank
issued
money
cards
could
create
obstacles
in
trades
with
China.
These
obstacles
would
have
more
profound
effects
in
local
markets
compared
to
those
in
Pyongyang.
Even
with
the
adaptation
of
the
bank
cards
in
local
markets,
trading
Chinese
goods
in
those
markets
might
not
be
as
easy
as
it
could
have
been
with
foreign
currencies
on
hand.
The
Central
Party
official
continued
to
point
out
that,
making
the
matter
worse,
the
banking
system
in
North
Korea
has
been
known
for
frustrating
citizens
when
it
came
to
customer
satisfaction.
He
predicted
that
all
these
obstacles
could
end
up
putting
more
and
more
pressure
on
local
governments’
capability
in
securing
local
finance.
Some
other
local
government
officials
shared
the
similar
opinion
as
this
Central
Party
official.
According
to
an
official
in
Sinuiju,
not
using
foreign
currency
as
it
faces
the
loss
of
the
value
of
North
Korean
currency
would
make
purchasing
Chinese
goods
very
difficult.
He
stated
that
the
people
would
be
dead
if
the
government
could
not
provide
goods
and/
or
food
to
them.
This
would
be
the
same
even
for
people
who
had
foreign
currencies
on
hand,
just
as
much
as
for
the
poor.
People
can’t
purchase
goods
if
they
are
not
available.
A
surplus
in
importing
goods
and/
or
food
from
China
would
lower
prices
for
imports.
However,
the
lowered
prices
and
surplus
of
Chinese
goods
might
not
happen
if
the
prohibition
were
enforced
at
all
levels.
The
official
worried
over
the
negative
relationship
between
livelihoods
of
people
and
the
prohibition,
which
would
worsen
upon
the
lack
of
supply
of
essential
living
necessities.
An
official
from
Hyesan,
Ryanggang
Province
said
that
he
did
not
believe
that
the
government
would
enforce
the
prohibition
on
Chinese
currency
without
a
through
prior
preparation.
North
Korea
has
relied
heavily
on
China
since
the
Arduous
March,
and
most
of
North
Korea’s
overseas
representatives
are
located
in
China.
According
to
him,
the
prohibition
could
cause
more
apprehension
among
North
Koreans
than
the
one
from
the
currency
reform.
This
was
why
he
was
shocked
when
the
prohibition
was
carried
on.
He
could
not
believe
the
government
was
so
numb
to
all
these
situations.
Trading
officers
in
China
voiced
the
same
opinion
about
the
prohibition;
it
would
peter
out
sooner
than
what
happened
with
the
currency
reform.
At
the
same
time,
Safety
Bureaus
had
been
conducting
a
nationwide
raid
on
people
who
used
foreign
currencies
such
as
US
dollars
at
stores
or
in
markets.
The
officers
from
the
bureaus
focused
on
finding
sources
of
foreign
currencies
after
confiscating
the
foreign
money.
Under
the
intensified
enforcement,
people
who
are
just
asking
around
for
exchange
rates
would
be
considered
disloyal
people.
It
was
therefore
difficult
to
ask
about
exchange
rates,
since
the
person
could
be
reported
to
a
local
Safety
Bureau
or
be
mistaken
an
undercover
Safety
Bureau
officer
trying
to
identify
locals
using
foreign
currencies.
Consequently,
people
put
up
their
guard
against
others
asking
for
exchange
rates.
There
was
also
a
rumour
among
North
Koreans
regarding
the
prohibition.
It
was
said,
"on
December
14,
2011,
the
General
Kim
Jung‐il
left
an
order
on
his
will
about
the
prohibition
of
foreign
currency
use.
To
follow
his
will,
the
government
is
trying
to
circulate
NK
won
(exchange
vouchers)
instead
of
Yuan
(Renminbi)
or
US
dollars.”
“Giving Up the Pride of a Teacher, and Losing Face As W ell”
Jang
Soo‐myung
(alias)
is
a
3rd
grade
teacher
at
the
People’s
School,
in
Haesan
City,
Ryanggang
Province.
The
People’s
School
is
4
years
old,
and
students
must
acquire
their
own
uniforms
and
school
supplies.
The
middle
school
is
5
years
old
and
the
student
also
must
provide
for
everything.
Winter
heating
is
the
same;
during
school
days,
each
student
is
assigned
daily
to
bring
some
coal
or
wood
from
their
home
to
the
school.
One
might
think
that
students
have
a
vacation
during
winter,
but,
in
fact,
they
don’t.
Winter
vacation
of
the
People’s
School
is
from
December
through
February
16th,
and
from
December
through
mid‐
January
at
the
middle
school.
[After
the
winter
vacation]
each
student
is
required
to
bring
3
buckets
of
“Heuk‐bo‐san”
composts
(human
feces)
per
student
when
schools
reopen.
This
is
not
as
easy
as
it
sounds
since
people
or
animals
need
to
eat
something
to
produce
waste;
so,
students
and
their
parents
worry
more
and
more
about
this
as
the
school
reopening
date
approaches.
In
the
past,
while
the
great
leader
was
alive,
each
classroom
was
full
of
students
and
school
grounds
were
filled
with
children
playing,
chatting,
and
full
of
laughing
sounds
during
recess
hours.
Then,
many
things
changed
during
the
Arduous
March
period
[in
late
1990’s].
First
of
all,
the
child
population
sharply
decreased.
Not
only
is
it
hard
for
young
people
to
get
married,
but
many
couples
hardly
want
to
have
their
own
children
because
they
think
they
can
live
a
better
life
without
a
child.
They
do
not
want
to
come
across
more
trouble
by
having
a
child,
since
adding
one
more
mouth
to
feed
in
their
family
makes
their
life
tougher.
Even
if
they
have
a
baby,
raising
a
baby
is
difficult
and
raising
a
healthy
baby
in
a
stable
setting
is
more
difficult.
Babies’
legs
become
scrawny,
rachitic,
O‐shaped
bowed
legs
due
to
malnutrition
if
the
parents
cannot
provide
for
the
child.
Giving
birth
to
a
healthy
baby
is
but
a
wish
in
parents’
hearts.
The
Party
continues
to
say
that
people
should
be
giving
birth
to
healthy
babies
and
raising
them
well,
and
then
sending
them
to
the
People’s
Army;
however
that
is
not
realistic
in
such
a
dire
situation
in
which
individuals
can
scarcely
feed
themselves.
By
the
time
most
children
are
17
years
old,
which
is
when
they
join
the
army,
they
are
shorter
than
150cm
in
height,
and
below
45Kg
in
weight
on
the
average.
The
lower
grades
have
fewer
students.
The
children,
whose
families
are
so
poor
that
they
do
not
even
have
enough
money
to
buy
a
corn
and
rice
mix,
do
not
go
to
school
and
instead
work
in
small
patches
of
farm
land
or
in
markets
in
order
to
help
their
parents.
The
Kkotjebis
[young
homeless
children]
roam
in
the
markets
or
train
stations,
and
there
are
many
children
who
left
their
homes
long
ago;
there
is
now
no
way
of
contacting
them
in
order
to
find
out
where
and
how
they
are
surviving.
Some
may
have
gone
to
China,
drowned
in
the
Yalu,
or
been
shot
to
death
by
border
patrols.
Nobody
knows.
The
number
of
students
is
dwindling
more
and
more,
and
working
as
a
teacher
is
also
becoming
harder
and
harder.
Jang
used
to
make
money
by
secretly
teaching
the
children
of
rich
families
how
to
play
the
accordion,
but
Jang
lost
the
tutoring
job
as
the
children
lost
their
interest
in
the
accordion.
Jang
started
collecting
kindling
with
a
10
years
old
son,
but
the
long
trip
to
and
fro
in
the
cold
winter
cannot
be
easy.
Despite
losing
the
job
as
a
teacher
long
time
ago,
Jang
is
still
looking
for
tutoring
jobs
at
any
opportunity.
The
delightful
study
room
full
of
laughter,
playing
the
accordion
with
the
students
in
the
classroom
has
become
a
distant
memory.
Concerns About Childcare Problem s Am ong W ealthy Pyongyang M others
Since
it
is
a
trend
for
North
Korean
women
to
get
married
at
a
later
age,
mothers
with
babies
are,
for
the
most
part,
in
their
thirties.
They
have
little
interest
in
marrying
in
their
twenties
because
they
are
busy
taking
care
of
their
own
families;
so
many
women
end
up
getting
married
in
their
thirties.
Their
main
concern
is
childcare.
Women
have
no
option
but
to
earn
money
on
the
side
because
their
husbands’
monthly
wage
is
not
sufficient
to
provide
for
the
family
,
but
there
is
nowhere
they
can
leave
their
children
with
confidence.
Previously,
when
parents
gave
birth
to
a
child,
they
would
leave
their
children
in
day‐care.
After
the
food
crisis,
however,
the
children
were
not
properly
fed
and
many
times
would
come
back
with
illnesses,
so
mothers
would
instead
try
to
bring
their
children
with
them.
Also,
since
many
women
are
engaged
in
trading
in
markets,
their
primary
interest
is
to
find
reliable
goods
in
amongst
the
infant
products
sold
in
the
market.
Young
mothers
want
to
raise
their
children
well,
no
matter
how
bad
their
situation,
so
they
want
to
avoid
anything
that
will
adversely
affect
their
children’s
health,
rather
than
simply
buying
a
product
because
it
is
from
China.
Whereas
young
mothers
in
the
provinces
raise
their
children
by
trudging
through
tough
lives,
well‐off
mothers
in
their
thirties
who
live
in
Pyongyang
can
focus
on
childcare
with
relative
ease.
Wealthy
households
in
Pyongyang
sometimes
purchase
dolls
that
are
displayed
in
state‐run
stores,
and
some
of
them
are
of
famous
character
brands
such
as
Mashimaro
or
Hello
Kitty.
Ms.
Han
Mi‐kyung
(alias),
who
is
thirty‐two
years
old
this
year,
says
that
her
five‐year
old
daughter
desperately
wanted
a
cuddly
rabbit,
and
Ms.
Han
remembered
that
her
father
had
also
brought
her
a
doll
as
a
gift
when
he
came
back
home
from
a
foreign
country
when
she
was
a
child,
so
she
just
made
up
her
mind
to
buy
one
for
her.
However,
Ms.
Han
had
to
think
hard
before
buying
a
simple
doll
because
her
husband
did
not
have
a
stable
income.
Ms.
Han’s
wish
is
for
her
husband
to
establish
himself
as
soon
as
possible
so
that
her
domestic
economy
might
stabilize
to
such
an
extent
that
they
can
achieve
financial
independence
from
her
parents.
By
implication,
this
is
to
say
that
she
is
still
receiving
financial
support
from
her
parents.
Seo
Eun‐young
(alias),
who
is
employed
at
a
hotel,
is
a
mother
of
a
four‐year
old
child,
and
she
speaks
about
the
difficulties
of
providing
her
child
with
food
as
the
child
grows
up
rapidly.
Ms.
Seo
also
receives
parental
support;
she
says,
“If
there
is
no
support
from
the
parents,
it
is
difficult
to
maintain
our
livelihoods,
and
to
sustain
the
family.
The
reality
these
days
is
such
that
if
the
parents
are
poor,
their
children
will
also
be
poor.”
Most
young
women
in
Pyongyang
in
their
thirties
receive
support
from
their
parents
or
husband’s
parents.
In
other
words,
their
parents
have
some
secret
sources
of
funds
to
make
payments
even
though
their
husbands
do
not
have
a
stable
enough
income
because
they
are
young
and
do
not
hold
a
high
position.
"As
for
young
husbands
who
are
successful,
even
if
they
have
an
extra‐marital
relationship
with
one
or
two
women,
their
spouses
cannot
openly
express
their
jealousy
because
they
may
not
receive
living
expenses
from
their
parents
anymore
if
they
are
thrown
out
of
their
homes.
Even
if
their
hearts
bear
such
a
burden,
they
can
only
speak
ill
of
it
behind
their
husbands
backs,
and
they
are
forced
to
behave
like
good
wives
and
wise
mothers
on
the
outside.
That
is
our
reality
as
women
in
our
thirties
in
Pyongyang,”
says
Ms.
Seo
with
bitterness.
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