Maryland Therapeutic Riding
Horse Leader Training
The role of the leader is to control the horse from the time it leaves the stall, throughout the lesson, and
upon return to the stall or pasture area. The horse leader plays a major role in the learning process and
safety of the rider.
The leader is responsible for maintaining control of the horse; they need to be alert and aware of the horse’s
movement and behavior at all times, as well as staying tuned in to the rest of the Team. Pay attention to safety at all
times.
Prior to the Lesson: Horse Leaders should arrive 30 minutes prior to the start of the lessons they are assigned for
and should check the daily schedule for their horse and equipment assignment upon arrival. It is the leader’s
responsibility to well groom and tack properly. Barn staff are supervising at all times if you are unsure of your
assignment or the resources needed.
The horse may then be brought into the arena 10 to 15 min prior to the start of the lesson. Please call “door”
before entering, wait for the response “enter”, closing the arena door behind you. Help our horses warm up for
their lessons and make sure you have a strong working relationship with them prior to the start of each lesson.
Horses should not be standing still during the 10-15 minutes prior to the start of the lesson. Horse Leaders
should use this time to perform transitions, walk in each direction, and trot down at least 1 long side in each
direction. This will help you and your horse partner have a better lesson! The instructor will ask to see a
soundness check—a trot in both directions down the long side of the arena. The instructor will also perform a final
tack check to ensure proper fit and girth tightness.
During the Lesson: During class, handle the horse according to the instructor’s direction. The Horse Leader leads
from the horse’s left side unless the instructor directs otherwise. When leading, keep between the horse’s head and
shoulder. Hold the line under the buckle attached to the bit lead. Only hold on to the bit lead when needed for
more control. In order for the rider to have complete freedom to use the reins correctly, care should be taken to
ensure that the lead line does not run over the rider’s reins. The lead line must be hanging between the rider’s rein
not over the top of them.
Allow the horse to move his head freely up and down as they walk- DO NOT HANG ON THE LEAD ROPE.
This rhythmical movement starts at the head and moves all the way down the horse’s spine- this movement is what
makes horseback riding beneficial. If the leader interferes with the horse’s head, the body stiffens and there is
limited benefit from the horse’s movement. Also, if you continuously constrict the movement of the horse’s head
they may become increasingly annoyed. Keep your attention focused ahead of you and square your shoulders in the
direction you are going. Do not attempt to drag the horse, don’t look him right in the eye – look forward in the
direction of your movement. Use your voice “walk-on”, “whoa” or “trot”. Also utilize half halts and a whip, if
assigned, as needed.
Use of voice and praise are important tools when working with your horse. Be sure that it is not distracting to the
rider or distracting the horse from their job. For example, a “good boy” is appropriate during a lesson, but a full on
snuggle when halted is not.
Be sure you are a safe distance from other horses (at least a horse’s length between). Horses can kick if they feel
pressured by a horse following too closely behind them. Some may also react negatively if a horse approaches too
www.HorsesThatHeal.org ● 1141 Sunrise Beach Road ● Crownsville, Maryland 21032 ● 410-923-6800
Maryland Therapeutic Riding
Horse Leader Training
close from the side, or passes too close going in the opposite direction. If your rider
cannot maintain a safe distance, it is your job to assist.
Often instruction to the horse leader will be given through instruction to the rider. It is important to pay attention
to the instructor’s directions as well as the rider’s response. Take care that you are providing time for the rider to
attempt the skill they are working on. We are always encouraging our riders to be as independent as possible and the
leader greatly helps to reinforce the skill being taught. It is tempting to turn around to talk with or assist your
rider but your responsibility as the leader is to pay attention to the horse and where you are going. The
sidewalker and instructor should be the main communicators with a rider.
At The Halt For shorter halts, stay in the leader position looking in the direction of travel. For longer halts (more
than 1 minute) pivot yourself from the side of the horse to slightly in front of the horse and facing shoulder to
shoulder. Do not stand directly in front of the horse, but slightly off to the side. This will encourage the horse to
not move forward, but protect you in case the horse throws its head. During times a horse must stand still, remain
relaxed and avoid clamping down on their head, this will cause tension and they may react by backing away from
you. Please inform your instructor of any problems or concerned while you are working with the horse.
At The Walk Some riders will have sidewalkers on one or both sides of the horse. Be aware not to get too close to
the side of the ring or other obstacles, or you will not have room to fit through safely. When making circles, slow
down and remember the sidewalker on the outside of the circle has a longer distance to travel.
At The Trot Before starting the trot, check to be sure that everyone is ready. Lengthen your stride to prepare the
horse for the trot transition and utilize voice commands and begin a slow jog. Do not try to muscle the horse
forward by pulling and do not run in front of the horse. Utilize your energy, whip or end of the lead line to assist
with sending your horse forward. Upward and downward transitions should be smooth as not to unseat the rider.
As A Spotter To help facilitate more independence for the rider, the instructor may ask you to act as a spotter. You
will detach your lead line and bit lead from the sidepull. In this position you are still responsible for ensuring the
safety of the rider. You should walk alongside the neck within reach of the sidepull should you need to intervene.
As always, try to let the rider by as independent as possible.
Mounts and Dismounts
To help save the horses’ backs, all riders mount from a mounting block or ramp. Instructors will advise regarding
dismounts. The Leader’s primary role during mounts and dismounts is to prevent the horse from moving.
Mounts at the Ramp: When the Instructor and rider are ready, the instructor will ask you to enter the Mounting
Area through the back gate by H. Wait just inside the Mounting Area until the rider is positioned and you are
instructed to come forward into the ramp. The horse should be positioned as close as possible to the side of the
ramp on which the rider will be mounting.
Stand in front (but slightly to the side if able) and facing the horse with hands on the lead. You may utilize the bit
lead or reins or one hand on the horses shoulder for more control if needed. Do not hold onto the sidepull as it
may cause the horse to throw its head and back up. You may talk softly to reassure and reward the horse. Use
care and be alert to each mounting situation. When you ask your horse to halt, be sure they are standing square
prior to the rider getting on. Horses should only be asked to take 1 small step forward or back in the ramp. If more
adjusting is needed, come out of the ramp and try your approach again.
www.HorsesThatHeal.org ● 1141 Sunrise Beach Road ● Crownsville, Maryland 21032 ● 410-923-6800
Maryland Therapeutic Riding
Horse Leader Training
After your rider has mounted and the instructor has determined the team is ready, ask
your horse to walk slowly and stay close to the ramp until the very bottom. To help keep the horse close to the
ramp, continue to walk backward and on the right side of the horse. Utilize a hand on the horses shoulder if
needed. Once at the bottom of the ramp, return to the left side of the horse. Enter the arena through the middle
gate. If a gate is being opened by a sidewalker, be sure to wait for instructions and not walk forward without the
sidewalker unless the instructor says otherwise.
Mounting at the Block/Steps: Utilize the same technique as used for the ramp. Listen to the instructor and be
sure your horse is square. The horse’s barrel and saddle should be as close to the block as possible and in the middle
of the block. You do not want to push the horse to the side if they are not close enough, instead you should
circle around and try again. When the team is ready, take a few steps forward so the instructor can come off the
stairs, prior to turning into the arena at the middle gate.
Dismounting
You will receive specific instructions as to where the dismount will take place. Position yourself as previously
described for longer halts. Make sure stirrups are run up before leading the horse out of the arena (hanging stirrups
can get caught in doorways).
When you and your horse have finished a lesson, if you or the horse are not in the next lesson, please bring the
horse back to his/her stall and untack, pick the horse’s hooves and groom/bathe/blanket as appropriate. Ask your
barn staff for assistance. Return the horse to the appropriate paddock if the horse is done for the day or leave the
horse in his stall—the barn staff will instruct you what to do. Please return all tack to its proper place.
Emergency Situations
Please see Volunteer Manual for additional weather related emergency instructions.
Falls
Spooks
Though falls are very rare, they can and do happen. If If a horse spooks, remain calm, be firm, and remember
your rider falls, your only concern is the horse; the you are the leader. Utilize half halts and a calming voice
instructor will take care of the student. If another rider to regain control. Try to halt your horse as soon as
falls, stop your horse immediately. Do not panic if there possible. If the horse’s behavior becomes dangerous,
is a fall, stay calm and keep the horse standing still and the instructor may call for an emergency dismount.
away from the rider until the instructor gives you
instructions.
If a horse gets loose do not chase them – if they feel they are being chased they may run faster. They are prey
animals and they use flight as a defense. All other horses should be halted. When horses are scared they will seek
comfort and may go to another horse.
www.HorsesThatHeal.org ● 1141 Sunrise Beach Road ● Crownsville, Maryland 21032 ● 410-923-6800
Maryland Therapeutic Riding
Horse Leader Training
Ring Figures
Arena Layout
20 Meter Circle
Figure 8
Change Rein Across the Diagonal
3 Loop Serpentine – Full Arena
3 Loop Serpentine – To Center Line
www.HorsesThatHeal.org ● 1141 Sunrise Beach Road ● Crownsville, Maryland 21032 ● 410-923-6800
Maryland Therapeutic Riding
Horse Leader Training
Terms
Changing Rein - reversing direction
Extending the stride – lengthening the horse’s stride so they cover more ground per stride; faster
Going large – using the entire arena
Ground poles – long PVC pipe laid on ground for horses to step over; encourages engagement of hindquarters;
important to have working walk to prevent toes dragging over poles
Half halt – pull and release pressure on the lead rope; a method to slow the horse down, gain their attention, and
prepare for transitions
Inside – facing the inner part of the arena, toward the instructor
Mounting area – separated from observation area by white fencing; horses may enter mounting area upon the
direction of the instructor/therapist
On the rail – keeping the horse along the perimeter of the arena, alongside the fence or rail
Outside – facing the outer part of the arena, toward the rail or fence
Running up stirrups – important to secure the stirrup irons at the top of the stirrup leathers after the rider
dismounts in order to prevent catching on doorways
Shortening the stride – shortening the horse’s stride so they cover less ground per stride; slower
Tracking left – when the horse’s inside shoulder is the left shoulder
Tracking right – when the horse’s inside shoulder is the right shoulder
Working walk – the horse moves in an active, engaged walk; toes are not dragging, head bobs naturally
Ring etiquette – rules of conduct in the arena to ensure safety, especially when multiple horses are present; pass leftshoulder-to-left-shoulder, keeping horses ample distance from one another in all directions, indicate when you are
going to trot, change directions, and enter/exit arena, turn toward the inside of arena when reversing direction
www.HorsesThatHeal.org ● 1141 Sunrise Beach Road ● Crownsville, Maryland 21032 ● 410-923-6800