Discovering Fiction
A R eader
of
N orth A merican S hort S tories
2
Online Instructor’s Manual
2nd Edition
P art O ne
A L ife L esson P art T wo
T he U nexpected T wist 3
12
P art T hree I rony 23
P art F our
F amily R elationships 30
P art F ive
M eeting C hallenges 39
Judith Kay
Rosemary Gelshenen
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P a rt O n e
A Life Lesson
Chapter 1
A Day’s Wait
E rnest H emingway
C U nderstanding
the
S tory
1 Reading Comprehension page 9
Answers:
1.The story takes place in the winter.
2.The boy is shivering, his face is white, and he walks as if he aches.
3.The boy is distracted by the thought that he is dying.
4.The father goes hunting.
5.He’s waiting to die.
6.One day passes.
7.He feels the stress and strain of the previous day.
He doesn’t have to be strong anymore.
2 Guessing Meaning from Context page 9
Answers:
1. shivering; 2. pirates; 3. lightheaded; 4. prescribed, capsule; 5. sleet; 6. varnished;
7. covey, quail; 8. flushed; 9. poised; 10. detached; 11. commenced; 12. bank
3 Grammar: Articles and Prepositions pages 12–14
Application 1
Answers:
1. the, the; 2. a, the; 3. The, the; 4. an, the; 5. The, a; 6. a, the; 7. the, a; 8. an, a
Chapter 1 A Day’s Wait 3
Application 2
Answers:
Alternative choices are in parentheses.
1. in; 2. to; 3. After, to, for; 4. into, of; 5. by, in; 6. around (through, in, to), in; 7. on;
8. in
Application 3
Answers:
1. according to; 2. In spite of; 3. in place of; 4. in front of; 5. in order to;
6. By means of; 7. Because of; 8. next to
Application 4
Answers:
Alternative choices are in parentheses.
1. into, the, the; 2. on, a; 3. the, in, with, for; 4. in, the, the, a, of, the, the;
5. a, the, with; 6. the, for, a, up (down, along), the; 7. with (from), a, of;
8. At, in, the, with;
D T hinking C ritically
2 Making Inferences page 15
Possible answers:
1.Something was disturbing the boy.
2.He is protecting his father. / He is frightened. / He is worrying about his father’s
feelings.
3.He thinks he’s contagious. / He’s afraid others will catch his illness. / He’s trying to
be brave.
4.He thinks he’s dying because of a high fever. / He is afraid to fall asleep. / He’s
fighting death.
5.He is sensitive because he was so afraid and tense. / He is now able to relax and
react. / He is finally reacting like a nine-year-old boy.
3 Analyzing the Story: Point of View page page 16
Possible answers:
He was shivering. . . . (line 2)
. . . his face was white. . . . (line 2)
. . . walked slowly as though it ached to move. (line 3)
. . . had a fever . . . (line 11)
His face was very white. . . . (line 27)
. . . dark areas under his eyes. (line 28)
. . . seemed very detached from what was going on. (lines 28–29)
. . . a little lightheaded . . . (line 45)
. . . the tops of his cheeks flushed by the fever . . . (line 70)
. . . he stared . . . at the foot of the bed. (line 71)
. . . holding tight onto himself about something. (line 83)
Chapter 1 A Day’s Wait 4
Chapter 2
Thank You, Ma’m
L angston H ughes
A P reparing
to
R ead
1 Think Before You Read page 17
Answers:
1.The characters are a woman and a boy.
2.A woman is walking down the street. A boy tries to steal her purse. He falls down,
and she picks him up by his shirt.
3.The action takes place outside (on the street). It is night (eleven o’clock).
4.The boy wants to steal her bag. There is a conflict between the two characters early
in the story. The conflict gets the reader’s attention.
5.Chance encounters can change lives. Meeting a person may have a profound effect
that lasts a lifetime.
C U nderstanding
the
S tory
1 Reading Comprehension page 22
Answers:
1.She’s not a young woman. She says she could be his mother, and he is fourteen or
fifteen.
2.She feels angry at first. Then she empathizes with him. She knows what it’s like to
be poor. She cares about Roger.
3.“Your face is dirty” (line 26).
4.Roger’s physical appearance: young, frail, willow-wild; dressed in jeans, shirt, and
tennis shoes. His face is dirty.
5.He’s frightened, ashamed, nervous, suspicious, and sorry.
6.She’s angry, firm, and determined to teach Roger a lesson. Then she realizes he’s
scared, hungry, and without adult supervision.
She befriends him. She gives him dinner and money for new shoes.
7.“Ain’t you got nobody home to tell you to wash your face?”
“When I get through with you, sir, you are going to remember
Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones.”
“I believe you’re hungry. . . .”
“I were young once and I wanted things I could not get.”
“I have done things, too, which I would not tell you, son. . . .”
Chapter 2 Thank You, Ma’m 5
2 Guessing Meaning from Context pages 22–23
Answers:
1. c; 2. a; 3. b; 4. d; 5. c; 6. a; 7. b; 8. a
3 Grammar: Verb Tenses and Irregular Forms pages 25–27
Application 1
Answers:
1. have studied (We’ve studied); 2. has written; 3. has fallen; 4. has heard; 5. has felt;
6. has slept
Application 2
Answers:
1. had begun; 2. began, had begun; 3. had borne (bore); 4. bit, had bitten;
5. bought, had bought; 6. chose; 7. clung; 8. crept; 9. drank, dreamt (dreamed);
10. had fallen, found; 11. had taught, left; 12. had frozen, slid; 13. had grown;
14. heard; 15. led, had been; 16. hid (had hidden), put (had put)
Application 3
Answers:
1. broke; 2. fell, flew; 3. shook; 4. held; 5. said; 6. began; 7. thought; 8. ate; 9. came;
10. cut; 11. stood; 12. led
Application 4
Answers:
4. the bitten hunter; 6. the chosen new president; 10. the fallen apples; 13. the grown
nephew; 16. the hidden jewels
4Editing page 27
Answers:
I think Mrs. Jones taught the boy a good lesson. She could have reported him to the
police, but instead she decided she would teach him a lesson herself. The boy, who
was lucky she was a good-hearted person, did wrong when he stole her purse. I bet
he didn’t expect the old lady to be strong enough to knock him over and drag him to
her house. He was afraid to run away, and also, he liked her. She cared more about
him than his own family did. The boy was lucky to meet someone like Mrs. Jones.
Chapter 2 Thank You, Ma’m 6
D T hinking C ritically
2 Making Inferences page 28
Possible answers:
1.You will learn a lesson from me.
2.She showed she trusted him to stay. / He could run away if he really wanted to. / She
wanted him to make his own choice to stay or go.
3.She was poor when she was young. / She wanted things she couldn’t have. / She
struggled financially.
4.She felt guilty about things she had done. / She wasn’t proud of certain things she
had done in her life. / She wasn’t perfect.
5.We can’t enjoy things we’ve stolen. / Guilt is powerful. / It’s better to work for things
than take them.
3 Analyzing the Story: Dialect pages 28–29
Possible answers:
1. Ain’t you got nobody home to tell you to wash your face? (line 27)
2. What did you want to do it for? (line 18)
3. I didn’t aim to. (line 19)
4. I got a great mind to wash your face for you. (lines 26–27)
5. I were young once. . . . (lines 74–75)
6. . . . while I fix us something to eat. (line 83)
Chapter 2 Thank You, Ma’m 7
Chapter 3
The Circuit
F rancisco J imenez
C U nderstanding
the
S tory
1 Reading Comprehension page 37
Answers:
1.They pick strawberries in the summer, grapes in the autumn, and cotton in the
winter. The season which is not mentioned is spring.
2.Panchito and his mother speak English. Papà does not speak English.
3.I remained motionless with my eyes glued on the hot sandy ground. (lines 91–92);
All I could hear was the drone of insects. (line 92); Slowly I began to recover. (lines
92–93)
4.Because their father tells them to hide; They are afraid they will get into trouble for
not going to school.
5.Mr. Lema treats Panchito with understanding and respect.
6.He sees all the family’s possessions packed in boxes. He understands they are
moving again.
2 Guessing Meaning from Context pages 37–38
Answers:
1. b; 2. b; 3. c; 4. a; 5. a; 6. a; 7. a; 8. a; 9. b; 10. c; 11. b; 12. a
3 Grammar: Adjectives and Adverbs pages 41–42
Application 1
Answers:
1.Papà figured the original owner must have been an important man.
2.That was the name Papà gave his old ’38 (1938) black Plymouth.
3.Papà was very proud of his little jalopy.
4.I turned around and looked at our little shack for the last time.
5.Roberto swept away the loose dirt, leaving the hard ground.
6.We sat underneath a large walnut tree.
7.I felt sick to my stomach.
8.Mama had cooked a special meal for us.
9.I sat at the table across from Roberto. I knew he was sad.
10.I sat in an empty seat in the back of the bus.
Chapter 3 The Circuit 8
Application 2
Answers:
1.You can surely do that simple assignment if you try.
2.They have always helped us whenever we had a problem.
3.We often go to the movies on Saturday.
4.The lecturer gladly spoke about his past experiences. or The lecturer spoke about his
past experiences gladly.
5.Let’s go out. It has finally stopped raining. or Let’s go out. It has stopped raining
finally.
6.Papà slowly drove to the vineyards. or Papà drove to the vineyards slowly.
7.The child never listened to his parents.
8.You must carefully wrap that package. It contains fragile china. or You must wrap
that package carefully. It contains fragile china.
D T hinking C ritically
2 Making Inferences pages 42–43
Possible answers:
1.He was sad that the season was ending, and he wouldn’t have work.
2.I would miss the little shack we lived in. / I knew hard work was coming. / We were
traveling again.
3.The school bus was coming, and we were supposed to be in school. / It was illegal
for us not to be in school. / We could all get into trouble.
4.I felt sorry for my brother. / Roberto was upset he wasn’t going to school. / Roberto
will miss his brother.
5.I didn’t know anyone on the bus. / No one asked me to sit next to him. / I was
scared and shy and didn’t want to talk to anyone.
6. I felt nervous about making a mistake. / I wished I were more confident. / I wanted
to show that I am not stupid.
3 Analyzing the Story: Sense Impressions page 44
Possible answers:
Touch: soaked in sweat; The sun kept beating down.; The dirty water ran down
my arms.
Taste: chewing on a handkerchief; chewing on a handkerchief
Smell: soaked in sweat; the hot, dry dust
Sight: I watched Papà’s face turned pale.; The mountains swallowed the sun.; the
hot, dry, dust
Sound: the drone of insects; the buzzing insect
Chapter 3 The Circuit 9
Summing Up
C S pelling
Forming the Past Tense of Regular Verbs page 49
Answers:
cope
spare
dine
coped
spared
dined
rob
sob
plan
robbed
sobbed
planned
stain
fool
wait
stained
fooled
waited
offer
happen
open
offered
happened
opened
control
regret
admit
controlled
regretted
admitted
start
fold
warn
started
folded
warned
Summing Up 10
D R eview T est
pages
51–53
Answers:
1.Life isn’t always easy, especially when we are studying a new language.
2.We could have gone to a better restaurant.
3.Since I arrived in the United States, I have enjoyed many new experiences.
4.C
5.It is necessary to drive carefully, especially on highways.
6.Katie had rarely known any rich people.
7.I have seldom seen him in the supermarket.
8.Everything at the wedding had gone smoothly.
9.C
10.Mama never went anywhere without her cooking pot.
11. My birthday is on June 25.
12.I want to buy the pens.
13.Roger was a poor child in the story “Thank You, Ma’m.”
14.C
15.You don’t look well. Are you tired?
16.She plays the piano well but she sings badly.
17.Last summer we had swum almost every day. or Last summer we swam almost
every day.
18.C
19.Mrs. Jones asked Roger, “Aren’t you ashamed of yourself?”
20.She grabbed him by the neck and dragged him in the street.
21.We worked hard in the summer.
22.Students like to read stories about adventurous heroes [no article] or an
adventurous hero.
23.Anna played the trumpet well.
24.Panchito was impressed with what his teacher told him.
25.The story “The Circuit” is set in the United States.
Summing Up 11
P a rt T w o
The Unexpected
Twist
Chapter 4
The Last Leaf
O. H enry
C U nderstanding
the
S tory
1 Reading Comprehension page 63
Answers:
1.The first two paragraphs describe the streets and the architecture as well as the type
of people that came to live in Greenwich Village in the late nineteenth century.
2.Johnsy feels she is fated to die because she compares her frail condition to the falling
leaves of the ivy vine. She believes she will die when the last leaf falls from the tree.
3.Mr. Behrman is an aging, failed artist with a strong German accent. His manner
is gruff, but he has a kind heart. He is very solicitous toward Johnsy and Sue.
He “regarded himself as especial mastiff-in-waiting to protect the two young
artists. . . .”
4.Mr. Behrman’s masterpiece was the realistically painted leaf on the tree outside
Johnsy’s window.
5.We get a hint that Behrman will help Johnsy when he tells Sue, “dis is not any
blace in which one so goot as Miss Yohnsy shall lie sick. Some day I will baint a
masterpiece. . . .”
6.The story ends with Behrman dying of pneumonia from having worked outside in
the storm, painting the leaf on the ivy vine. This gives Johnsy the will to live.
Chapter 4 The Last Leaf 12
2 Guessing Meaning from Context pages 63–64
Possible answers:
1. walk across; 2. charming, old-fashioned; 3. wander, roam; 4. sociable, friendly;
5. one who destroys with violence; 6. attacks, strikes; 7. courtly, gentlemanly;
8. walked in a boastful manner; 9. concerned; 10. a big guard dog; 11. gloomy;
12. lined, covered; 13. notched, uneven; 14. ridicule; 15. stylish
3 Grammar: Infinitives and Gerunds pages 65–66
Application
Answers:
1. looking; 2. to paint; 3. turning; 4. living; 5. to help; 6.staying; 7. to smoke;
8. to buy; 9. to produce; 10. to do; 11. to be; 12. working; 13. to stay; 14. traveling;
15. to go; 16. to believe; 17. hiring; 18. making; 19. to wait; 20. to pose
4Editing page 67
Answers:
I have always enjoyed reading stories with a surprise ending. I dislike knowing what
will happen before I finish reading the ending. I need to have an unexpected twist,
and I refuse to select any more stories by authors who decide to give the reader too
many hints. O. Henry was a master who delayed telling the outcome of the plot until
the very last sentence. I hope to find other authors like O. Henry.
D T hinking C ritically
2 Making Inferences pages 67–68
Possible answers:
1. She is likely to die.
2.Sue is acting cheerful to cheer up Johnsy. / She is pretending that Johnsy’s illness is
not serious. / She’s trying to “put on a happy face” to reassure Johnsy.
3.Each falling leaf symbolizes death. / As long as the leaves hang on, Johnsy hangs on
to life. / When the last leaf falls, Johnsy expects to die.
4.Behrman is a failed artist. / He is afraid to try and fail. / His life and personality
have kept him from achieving his goal.
5.Johnsy is now optimistic about life. / She no longer wants to die. / She is making
plans for the future.
Chapter 4 The Last Leaf 13
3 Analyzing the Story: Surprise Ending pages 68–69
Possible answers:
A mite of a little woman . . . hardly fair game . . . (lines 23–24)
But Johnsy he smote; and she lay, scarcely moving . . . (lines 24–25)
“She has one chance in - let us say, ten.” (line 30)
Sue . . . and cried . . . (line 48)
“They’re falling faster now.” (line 72)
“When the last one falls, I must go too.” (line 77)
. . . light and fragile as a leaf . . . (line 125)
“. . . poor leetle Miss Yohnsy.” (line 133)
. . . the fever has left her mind morbid . . . (lines 134–135)
“It will fall today, and I shall die. . . . (line 160)
Expected ending: Last leaf falls and Johnsy dies
Surprise ending: Last leaf doesn’t fall; Johnsy doesn’t die – Behrman does.
Chapter 4 The Last Leaf 14
Chapter 5
The Lottery
S hirley J ackson
C U nderstanding
the
S tory
1 Reading Comprehension page 79
Answers:
1.The lottery is held in summer, in June.
2.Mr. Summers is in charge of the lottery. No one is exempt.
3.He broke his leg.
4.They’ve decided to eliminate the ritual. They aren’t superstitious anymore.
5.He wants it to continue. A lottery guarantees a good harvest. Eliminating a lottery
will lead to “living in caves.”
6.First, Bill Hutchinson picks the fatal paper, and then Tessie Hutchinson becomes the
“winner.”
7.Being stoned to death is the prize.
8.Answers will vary. Some students might feel she thinks Tessie isn’t a good sport.
Some may point out that she’s just participating in the ritual.
2 Guessing Meaning from Context pages 79–80
Answers:
1. craned; 2. paraphernalia; 3. interminably; 4. murmur; 5. reprimand, scold;
6. splintered; 7. boisterous; 8. jovial; 9. profusely; 10. perfunctory; 11. petulantly;
12. snorted; 13. soberly; 14. hastily
Chapter 5 The Lottery 15
3 Grammar: Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes pages 81–85
Application 1
Possible answers:
automatic, autobiography
bionic, biosphere
capitulation, capitalism
precedent, precede
chronometer, chronic
corpus delicti, corporal
bicycle, tricycle, cyclotron
dermatologist, dermatitis
diction, dictator, prediction
reduce, deduction
factory, manufacture
deflect, flexible
geology, geopolitics
photograph, graphic, phonograph
homophobia, homogenize
astrology, psychology
manuscript, mandate
microscope, microfilm, microbe
immortal, mortuary, mortality
perimeter, peripheral
philosopher, philology
phonics, phoneme
photosynthesis, photogenic
import, export, transportation
psychic, psychiatry
microscope, periscope
subscription, scribe, scribble
sophist, sophisticated
perspire, spiritual
telegraph, television, telemetry
extraterrestrial, terrarium
thermometer, thermos
invent, convene
Application 2
Answers:
1.normal; irregular = not normal
2.pertaining to a nation; international = between nations
3.movement; reaction = move again
4.important; immaterial = not important
5.honor; disrespect = not honoring
6.living, occurring; pre-existing = occurring before
7.idea; misconception = wrong idea
8.according to the law; illegal = against the law
9.finished; incomplete = not finished
10.fit, conform; maladjust = fit in badly
11. form; re-establish = form again
12.using hands; ambidextrous = using both hands equally well
13.able to read and write; illiterate = unable to read and write
Chapter 5 The Lottery 16
Application 3
Possible answers:
1.wheeled vehicle; bicycle = two-wheeled vehicle
2.create, combine; decompose = fall apart, rot
3.pertaining to the sea; submarine = under the sea
4.work; cooperate = work together
5.pertaining to a continent; transcontinental = across a continent
6.style of speaking; benediction = blessing
7.thankful; unappreciative = not thankful
8.sail; circumnavigate = sail around
9.part of a house; anteroom = room that comes before another room
10.infective agent; antivirus = agent that fights against a virus
11. having strong feeling; compassionate = able to feel sympathy for another person
12.pertaining to sound; symphonic = pertaining to a coming together of sounds
13.among society; antisocial = unfriendly
14.proposition, postulate; antithesis = opposition, contrast
Application 4
Possible answers:
causal, terminal, familial, structural
diary, planetary, dietary, secondary
singer, writer, catcher, loser
tactful, hopeful, beautiful, sinful
capable, favorable, durable, fashionable
action, motion, relation, fusion
envious, curious, furious, imperious
activist, cyclist, optimist, philanthropist
endless, careless, fearless, childless
Application 5
Possible answers:
autobiography: book written about one’s own life
circumnavigation: sailing around a land mass
synonymous: having the same meaning
unicycle: one-wheeled cycle
perspiration: breathing through the skin, sweating
geology: study of the earth
manufacture: create something
mortuary: place where the dead are kept
reflection: mirror image; looking back in one’s mind
Chapter 5 The Lottery 17
D T hinking C ritically
2 Making Inferences pages 85–86
Answers:
1. b; 2. a; 3. c
3 Analyzing the Story: Irony pages 86–87
Possible answers:
1. The people are gathering to stone someone to death.
2. The stones will be used to kill someone.
3. The children understand that it is not a happy day and that something
unpleasant will take place.
4. Answers will vary.
Chapter 5 The Lottery 18
Chapter 6
The One Day War
J udith S oloway
C U nderstanding
the
S tory
1 Reading Comprehension page 92
Answers:
1.The story takes place in the United States in 2065.
2.The narrator is a television reporter or anchorperson speaking to the American
public.
3.Brainard is an expert on the Civil War and the originator of the “One Day War.”
4.The President, Vice President, Speaker of the House, Senate Majority Leader,
members of the Cabinet, Supreme Court Justices, and representatives of the Armed
Forces are on the grandstand. The whole country is watching on television.
5.War machinery includes all the weapons and machines such as tanks, guns,
ammunition, trucks, etc.
6.In an assembly line, each step of a procedure is performed by a particular person or
machine. The product of the process is moved along from each step in an automatic
manner. Assembly lines are used in industries such as automobile manufacturing in
order to maximize efficiency. The procedure implies a cold, impersonal, mechanized
approach.
7.The grandstand observers leave as soon as the soldiers have fired their guns and
fallen. Their part in the “One Day War” is over.
8.The families of the soldiers are given American flags to commemorate the soldiers’
deaths.
2 Guessing Meaning from Context page 93–94
Answers:
1. d; 2. c; 3. d; 4. c; 5. d; 6. a; 7. b; 8. a; 9. d; 10. a; 11. d; 12. c; 13. b
Chapter 6 The One Day War 19
3 Grammar: Active and Passive Voice pages 95–97
Application 1
Answers:
1.The team was praised by the coach.
2.Every aspect of the project was supervised by the scientist.
3.The same effect could be produced more efficiently by them.
4.An agreement with the company was worked out (by us).
5.A strong objection was encountered (by us).
6.The plan was approved unanimously (by them).
7.The music was heard by the soldiers.
8.Dr. Brainard was interviewed by the reporter.
9.The families were led to the gravesites by the ushers.
Application 2
Answers:
1.A judge in Las Vegas married them.
2.The earthquake destroyed the buildings.
3.[name of person] fired my brother from his job.
4.[name of person] found the ruins of the ancient city in the desert.
5.A motorcycle hit his car.
6.[name of person] told him to apply for a fellowship.
4Editing page 97
Answers:
The building has been destroyed by an explosion. Many people were killed. Many
others were injured. The injured are being taken to several hospitals in the area.
Doctors and nurses have been brought here. Blood donors have been requested to
contact the Red Cross offices. The center of the city has been blocked off by the
police.
D T hinking C ritically
2 Making Inferences page 98
Answers:
1. a; 2. a; 3. b
3 Analyzing the Story: Satire pages 98–99
Possible answers:
1. The worst aspect of war is the waste of human life.
2. Cultural and scientific developments could be put to better use.
3. War results in needless death and dying.
4. War is always inhumane.
5. Dead soldiers don't fall in an orderly fashion.
Chapter 6 The One Day War 20
Summing Up
B W ords F requently C onfused
pages
101–103
Answers:
From “The Last Leaf ”
1. bored, boring; 2. statue; 3. statute; 4. stature; 5. board; 6. lose; 7. loose; 8. light;
9. lit; 10. leave; 11. live; 12. life; 13. accept; 14. except
From “The Lottery”
1. draw; 2. drawer; 3. precede; 4. proceed; 5. lead; 6. led; 7. lead; 8. rite; 9. right;
10. write
From “The One Day War”
1. adapt; 2. adopt; 3. adept; 4. rise; 5. raise; 6. raise; 7. sign; 8. signal; 9. stripe;
10. strip; 11. striped; 12. stripped; 13. noisy; 14. nosey; 15. human, humane;
16. personal; 17. personnel
C S pelling
Forming Noun Plurals and Past Tense Verbs pages 104–105
Answers:
Plurals
inquirieshistories
babiesboys
communities
alleys
companiesjuries
baysbunnies
Past Tense
complied
hurried
worrieddestroyed
suppliedbusied
annoyedapplied
Summing Up 21
D R eview T est
1 Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes pages 105–106
Answers:
9
11
10
1
2
12
8
13
4
5
micro
mal
pre
log
phil
ambi
intra
anti
geo
capi
1.precede: go before
2.transport: carry from one place to another
3.manuscript: handwritten text; document
4.biography: story of someone’s life written by another person
5.malnutrition: bad diet causing illness
6.detach: remove
7.antisocial: unfriendly, averse to the society of other people
8.ambivalent: having contradictory thoughts or emotions
9.substandard: of inferior quality
10.illiterate: unable to read or write
2 Infinitives and Gerunds page 106
Answers:
1. refuse to come 2. want to meet; 3. dislike taking; 4. decide to buy; 5. hope to see;
6. try to find; 7.keep reading; 8. seems to be; 9. delay writing; 10. avoid traveling
3 Active and Passive Voice pages 106–107
Answers:
1. was won (P); 2. was fought (P); 3. was held (P); 4. drew (A); 5. killed (A);
6. painted (A); 7. live (A); 8. were read (P)
1.The Yankees’s star pitcher won the game.
2.The North and South fought the American Civil War.
3.The villagers held a lottery each year.
8.Mr. Summers read the names of the families participating in the lottery.
Summing Up 22
P a rt T h r e e
Irony
Chapter 7
The Third Level
J ack F inney
C U nderstanding
the
S tory
1 Reading Comprehension page 115
Answers:
1.Most of the story is set in New York City. Grand Central Station, Times Square, and
Central Park are located in New York City.
2.Charley is the narrator.
3.It’s in Grand Central Station, in Charley’s mind, in the past.
4.Charley’s hobby is stamp collecting.
5.There are gaslights. The people are dressed differently. The money is different.
6.The newspaper is dated June 11, 1894.
7.He wants to buy two tickets to Galesburg, Illinois. He wants to move there with his
wife.
8.Sam, Charley’s psychiatrist, sent a letter from Galesburg.
2 Guessing Meaning from Context pages 116–117
Possible answers:
1. obvious: logical; 2. claimed: stated, refuge: escape; 3. gabardine: fabric;
4. bumping: colliding, corridors: halls; 5. angling: turning, slanting: moving upward or
downward, sloping; 6. hollow: muffled; 7. flight: set of stairs; 8. flickering: wavering;
9. glanced: looked quickly; 10. premium: higher price
1. obvious: apparent; 2. claim: proof of ownership; 3. bump: knock; 4. angling:
scheming; 5. slant: distort; 6. hollow: sunken; 7. flight: plane trip; 8. glanced:
bounced; 9. premium: money paid for a contract
Chapter 7 The Third Level 23
3 Grammar: Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns page 119
Answers:
1. themselves; 2. each other; 3. himself; 4. each other; 5. herself; 6. yourself;
7. each other; 8. herself
4Editing page 119
Answers:
My friend Nora and I (omit commas) have always been interested in stories about
traveling through time. We found out for ourselves many authors who have used
this theme in their work. Nora says that reading such stories helps her relax, (omit
herself) and even when she is nervous, she can concentrate (omit herself) on the
plot. For her birthday Nora bought some books by Jack Finney for herself. She also
gave his novel to her sister and me. This novel, Time and Again, is the kind of book
my friend and I can read aloud to each other when we get together.
D T hinking C ritically
2 Making Inferences pages 120–121
Possible answers:
1. The psychiatrist didn’t believe the third level existed in reality.
2.Everyone was in the same rut. / Charley was losing his individuality. / Charley felt
he looked like everyone else.
3.Charley felt completely alone. / Charley knew he was having a unique experience. /
Charley felt adventurous.
4.Life was easier and simpler at that time. / People were friendly and knew their
neighbors. / There was more leisure time.
5.Charley knows it’s possible to go back in time. / Sam is happy he found the Third
Level. / The message from Sam is very encouraging.
3 Analyzing the Story: Romanticism page 121
Possible answers:
big old frame houses (lines 76–77)
huge lawns (line 77)
tremendous trees (line 77)
summer evenings were twice as long (lines 78–79)
people sat out on their lawns (line 79)
the men smoking cigars and talking quietly (lines 79–80)
the women waving palm-leaf fans (line 80)
the fireflies all around (line 81)
in a peaceful world (line 81)
with the First World War still twenty years off (lines 81–82)
and World War II, over forty years in the future (lines 82–83)
Chapter 7 The Third Level 24
Chapter 8
All Summer in a Day
R ay B radbury
A P reparing
to
R ead
1 Think Before You Read page 123
Answers:
1.The first paragraph that describes Venus (paragraph nine) has many evocative
images: “filled . . . with rain,” “the drum and gush of water,” “the sweet crystal fall
of showers, “ “the concussion of storms,” “tidal waves,” and “a thousand forests . . .
crushed under the rain.”
C U nderstanding
the
S tory
1 Reading Comprehension page 130
Answers:
1.Margot stayed apart from the other children. She didn’t play with them or talk to
them. She remembered the sun from when she lived on Earth. They resented Margot
and were jealous of her “superiority.”
2.She describes the sun as a flower that blooms for only an hour.
3.They don’t want her to see the sun. They want to tease her.
4.It’s a raindrop, so she realizes that her time in the sun is ending.
5.Answers will vary. They are sorry. They feel guilty. They don’t care. They’re glad.
6.It’s wet, filled with foliage crushed by the rain. It’s noisy, with a constant, unending
rain. The sky is dark, and there is thunder and lightning.
2 Guessing Meaning from Context page 130
Answers:
1. f; 2. e; 3. a; 4. h; 5. b; 6. l; 7. d; 8. i; 9. j; 10. k; 11. g; 12. c
3 Grammar: Pronoun Cases: Subjective and Objective page 133
Application
Answers:
1. she, him; 2. I, they; 3. whom; 4. they; 5. He, I, her; 6. her, him; 7. them, she;
8. him; 9. we, them, whom; 10. he, them
Chapter 8 All Summer in a Day 25
4Editing page 133
Answers:
My brother Boris and I have a good relationship. It was he who introduced me to the
joys of travel. Every year we go to a new section of the United States. Between us we
plan a great trip. Our traveling together presents no problem. Boris and I get along
very well, and he is a person whose tastes are like mine. Boris sends cards to his
girlfriend and buys many gifts for our mother and her. I like to see all the museums
and talk to whomever we meet on the trip. When we return, all our friends enjoy our
telling our parents and them the stories of our adventures.
D T hinking C ritically
2 Making Inferences page 134
Answers:
1. c; 2. a; 3. c
3 Analyzing the Story: Atmosphere page 135
Possible answers:
. . . drum and gush of water (line 12)
weeds (line 7)
. . . sweet crystal fall of showers and the concussion of storms . . . (lines 12 to 13)
tidal waves (line 13)
A thousand forests had been crushed. . . . (line 14)
a raining world (line 17)
tatting drum (line 30)
. . . clear bead necklaces on the roof . . . (line 31)
loud wet world (line 56)
echoing tunnels (line 63)
drenched windows (lines 67)
blasts and repercussions and thunders (line 121)
jungle (line 130)
cold drops (line 166)
boom of thunder (line 170)
Lightning struck . . . (line 171)
The sky darkened . . . (line 172)
. . . the gigantic sound of the rain falling . . . (lines 175–176)
Chapter 8 All Summer in a Day 26
Chapter 9
Désirée’s Baby
K ate C hopin
A P reparing
to
R ead
1 Think Before You Read page 137
Answers:
3.bayou = a swamp; corbeille = a trousseau; layette = clothing for a new baby;
peignoir = a woman’s dressing gown
C U nderstanding
the
S tory
1 Reading Comprehension page 144
Answers:
1.All the characters have French names because Louisiana was founded by the French.
2.The reader thinks that Armand will be a good husband because “Marriage, and later
the birth of his son had softened Armand Aubigny’s imperious and exacting nature
greatly.” He dotes on Désirée and the baby until he learns the child is not white.
3.The first hint occurs when Désirée “awoke one day to the conviction that there was
something in the air menacing her peace. . . . Then a strange, an awful change in
her husband’s manner. . . .”
4.Armand assumes his wife is not white because her origins were unknown. Monsieur
Valmondé found her as a baby.
5.Désirée takes the baby to the bayou, where she probably drowns herself and the
baby.
6.It was Armand, not Désirée, who had mixed blood. The letter he found tells him that
his mother was part black.
2 Guessing Meaning from Context pages 144–145
Answers:
1. portly; 2. imperious; 3. menacing; 4. averted; 5. indulgent; 6. beneficent;
7. sumptuous; 8. listless; 9. somber; 10. spectacle; 11. conception; 12. unwonted;
13. riveted; 14. suffused
Chapter 9 Désirée’s Baby 27
3 Grammar: Participial Clauses pages 146–147
Application
Answers:
1.annoyed 6.disgusted
2.annoying 7.frightened
3.confusing
8.frightening
4.confused
9.horrifying
5.disgusting
10.horrified
11.thrilled
12.thrilling
13.pleasing
14.pleased
15.irritated
16.irritating
17.amusing
18.amused
19.amazing
20.amazed
D T hinking C ritically
2 Making Inferences page 148
Answers:
1. a; 2. b; 3. a
3 Analyzing the Story: Tragedy page 149
Turning point 5
2
7
1
3
6
Louisiana,
late 1800s
8
Tragedy 9
Beginning 4
4
3
1
2
5
7
6
8
9
Désirée is found and adopted by Monsieur and Madame Valmonde.
Armand Aubigny falls in love with Désirée the first time he sees her.
Désirée and Armand marry and have a baby.
Armand loves Désirée and the baby.
The baby’s skin is dark.
Désirée asks if he wants her to leave.
Désirée leaves with the baby.
Armand burns the cradle and everything related to the baby and Désirée.
Armand reads a letter from his own mother and discovers that the baby’s dark
skin came from his side of the family, not Désirée’s.
Désirée and Armand are both defeated.
The opposing forces are society and the social attitudes of the times.
Chapter 9 Désirée’s Baby 28
Summing Up
B W ords F requently C onfused
pages
152–153
Possible answers:
From “The Third Level”
1.–2. I knew José got a new job, but I was surprised it was such a high-paying one.
3.Will you please lead the school orchestra tomorrow night?
4.She led us to believe that she was in charge of the project.
5.Did you mail my letter?
6.The puppy I just bought is a male.
7.On summer evenings we like to sail down the river in our sailboat.
8.There is a big sale on sweaters this week in your favorite department store.
From “All Summer in a Day”
1.sun: part of the solar system that gives light
2.son: male offspring
3.remember: recall something
4.memory: that which makes us recall events or people
5.remembrance: the state of being remembered; a souvenir or token gift
6.always: all the time
7.all ways: all different ways of doing something
8.pale: lacking color
9.pail: a bucket
From “Désirée’s Baby”
1.In ancient civilizations people worshiped idols.
2.An idle person is usually bored.
3.One should be gentle with children and animals.
4.The refined old lady led a genteel life.
5.Early in the morning, a mist formed over the sea.
6.Where were you yesterday? We missed you at the game.
7.Ted is usually so friendly. His unwonted irritability surprised us.
8.Bad manners are unwanted in polite society.
D R eview T est
pages
154–155
Answers:
1. surprising; 2. whom; 3. who; 4. each other; 5. I; 6. me, him; 7. he; 8. boring,
interesting; 9. annoying; 10. irritated; 11. fascinating; 12. confused; 13. me;
14. complicated; 15. whom; 16. he; 17. me; 18. I; 19. me; 20. me; 21. her; 22. he, her;
23. each other
Summing Up 29
P a rt F o u r
Family
Relationships
C h a p t e r 10
A Visit to Grandmother
W illiam M elvin K elley
C U nderstanding
the
S tory
1 Reading Comprehension page 166
Answers:
1.Chig sees fear, uncertainty, sadness, and hatred.
2.Chig is seventeen.
3.Charles was fifteen when he left home – thirty years before the reunion.
4.GL is a charmer: part con man, part practical joker, part Don Juan. He is like an illbehaved five-year-old. He is a playboy and a snappy dresser.
5.Chig was a baby when his grandmother visited him in Chicago.
6.Answers will vary. The grandmother is strong, outspoken, old, honest, and
independent.
7.“You be honest like your daddy.” “You was smarter. You was more growed up than
GL when you was five. . . .”
2 Guessing Meaning from Context page 167
Answers:
1. grimaced; 2. housecoat; 3. shuffled; 4. crafty; 5. swapped, venture; 6. footloose;
7. indulgence; 8. fidgety; 9. practical joker; 10. swinging
Chapter 10 A Visit to Grandmother 30
3 Grammar: Verb Agreement and Collective Nouns pages 169-171
Application 1
Answers:
1. all (subject); want (verb); 2. each (subject); is (verb); 3. color (subject); was (verb);
4. mathematics (subject); is (verb); 5. news (subject); is (verb);
Application 2
Answers:
1. expect; 2. aren’t; 3. hope; 4. has; 5. is; 6. comes
Application 3
Answers:
1. banks (subject); are (verb); 2. group (subject); is (verb); 3. examples (subject);
are (verb); 4. milk (subject); is (verb); 5. letter, card (subject); is (verb);
6. concert, recital (subject); is (verb); 7. questions (subject); are (verb);
8. news (subject); is (verb)
Application 4
Answers:
1. works; 2. practices; 3. wants; 4. is; 5. knows, likes; 6. feels
D T hinking C ritically
2 Making Inferences page 172
Answers:
1. a; 2. c; 3. a
3 Analyzing the Story: Conflict page 173
Possible answers:
1. . . . his face completely blank, without even a trace of a smile or a laugh. (lines
225–226)
2. . . . I don’t think it was funny. (lines 233–234)
3. Why you say that, son? (line 244); Oh, Charles. (line 253); . . . you don’t
understand. (line 255)
4. That’s not true, Mama. You know it. (line 264)
5. Charles, no . . . I didn’t love any one of you more than any other. (line 266)
Chapter 10 A Visit to Grandmother 31
C h a p t e r 11
Too Soon a Woman
D orothy M. J ohnson
A P reparing
to
R ead
1 Think Before You Read page 174
Answers:
3.A prairie is a large area of flat, grassy land. A homesteader is a settler who owned
a house and land. The Homestead Act in 1882 promised legal ownership to anyone
who claimed land and cultivated it for a period of five years. A teamster is someone
who drove a team of horses, usually for plowing a field. A covered wagon is a fourwheel horse-drawn vehicle with a cloth-covered roof, used by pioneers to travel from
place to place.
C U nderstanding
the
S tory
1 Reading Comprehension page 180
Answers:
1.The father had barely enough food for his family of three children.
2.They were going to a small town to reach the father’s uncle, who owned a mill. They
had only one horse, an old uncovered wagon, and very little food.
3.She thought the mushroom might be poisonous. After she ate it herself and spent the
night worrying it was going to kill her, Mary cooked the mushroom for the children,
knowing it was safe to eat.
4.Mary had the courage to run away and to stand up to Pa when he didn’t want to
let her to join the family. She ate the mushroom to see if it was poisonous, and she
braved the hardships of the wilderness without complaint.
5.The boy’s father eventually married Mary.
6.She was still in her teens but had to assume the role of an adult in order to keep
herself and the children alive.
2 Guessing Meaning from Context pages 180–181
Answers:
1. a; 2. c; 3. a; 4. c; 5. c; 6. b; 7. b; 8. a; 9. b; 10. d; 11. c; 12. c
Chapter 11 Too Soon a Woman 32
3 Grammar: Conditional Sentences and Expressing Requests
and Wishes pages 183–187
Application 1
Possible answers:
1. go out; 2. will question her; 3. we shall arrive on time; 4. I will pick up my friend at
the train station; 5. they will be polite to you.
1. I will go out if I finish my homework.
2. They will question her if she tells the police about the money.
3. We shall arrive on time if we take a shortcut to the airport.
4. I will pick up my friend at the train station if you lend me your car.
5. People will be polite to you if you are polite to them.
Application 2
Answers:
1. If she knew how to dance, she could enter the contest.
2.If we spoke Chinese, we could converse with our Chinese neighbor.
3.If they had a map, they might know where the treasure is buried.
4.If I were the president, I could declare a war on drugs.
5.If it were raining, I would be carrying an umbrella.
6.If I were you, I would call my mother.
Application 3
Answers:
1. If we had been home, we would have watched the program.
2.If I had been at the lecture, I would have heard the professor speak about geopolitics.
3.If he had paid attention to the rules, he would have stayed in the company.
4.If our team had practiced every day, we would have won the championship game.
5.If Bill and Eva had enjoyed the concert, they would have stayed until the end.
6.If Brad had gone to Paris, he would have seen the Eiffel Tower.
D T hinking C ritically
2 Making Inferences page 188
Possible answers:
1. Mary ran away from a terrible situation and doesn’t want to be sent back there.
2.Mary was a strong woman who had suffered. / Mary knew how to deal with men. /
Mary wasn’t afraid to stand up to a man.
3.He didn’t want another responsibility in addition to his children. / He was angry at
her for forcing herself on the family. / He didn’t want her along but couldn’t leave
her on her own.
4.If she is alive tomorrow morning, it means the mushroom wasn’t poisonous. / The
children don’t know that the mushroom could be poisonous. / The children should
not eat the mushroom without knowing if it’s safe.
5.She was grateful she survived the night. / The mushroom wasn’t poisonous, and she
had been right to eat it herself. / Mary and the children wouldn’t starve because they
could eat the mushroom.
Chapter 11 Too Soon a Woman 33
3 Analyzing the Story: Characterization pages 188–189
Possible answers:
. . . she stood up to him with no fear in her voice. (line 13)
wide blue eyes (line 16)
“ . . . I won’t go back.” (line 19)
“ . . . mind your own business.” (line 103)
“He’s coming,” Mary promised. (line 106)
“ . . . Your pa’ll take care of you. . . .” (lines 106–107)
she told them . . . in so fierce a voice that they obeyed. (lines 116–117)
“Don’t bother me!” (line 123)
Mary stood in the doorway . . . looking out at the dripping world as if she found it
beautiful. (line 153)
Mary laughed and was gay. (lines 159–160)
As she came towards us, the sun began to shine. (lines 169–170)
Chapter 11 Too Soon a Woman 34
C h a p t e r 12
Thicker Than Water
R alph H enry B arbour
C U nderstanding
the
S tory
1 Reading Comprehension page 194
Answers:
1.A heavy object fell on her neck and cut her. She will probably die without a blood
transfusion.
2.Markham is Doctor Burroughs’s friend. He is a lawyer.
3.The boy kisses his sister. He is very upset.
4.The blood transfusion is not physically painful. The boy is in emotional pain.
5.The boy thinks he is going to die. No one explained to him that the blood transfusion
would not affect him physically.
6.Doctor Burroughs explains the truth to the boy. The boy does not think he is brave.
He thinks that it was a necessary act to save his sister.
2 Guessing Meaning from Context page 194
Answers:
1. f; 2. h; 3. l; 4. k; 5. a; 6. i; 7. c; 8. e; 9. g; 10. m
3 Grammar: Possessive Pronouns and Contractions page 196
Application 1
Answers:
1. its; 2. ours; 3. It’s; 4. mine; 5. yours; 6. My, Its; 7. her; 8. his; 9. theirs
4Editing page 196
Answers:
Surgeons must have special skills. It is essential that doctors keep up to date
with new knowledge of procedures for operating on patients. It’s not unusual for
unexpected emergencies to occur. Doctors must decide whether it’s necessary to
perform an operation or use medication. They should respond quickly and efficiently.
A career in medicine also means a doctor should be willing to sacrifice his or her
social life. A hospital’s reputation depends on its staff. If you want to be a physician,
you must consider some hardships, such as inconvenient, long hours. However, many
doctors find great satisfaction in knowing that their work saves lives.
Chapter 12 Thicker Than Water 35
D T hinking C ritically
2 Making Inferences pages 197–198
Possible answers:
1. The girl is in danger of dying because her blood won’t clot.
2.The girl is dying from loss of blood. / The girl needs a transfusion to save her life. /
The brother’s blood will be a good match for Nell’s.
3.The boy was very nervous about giving blood. / The boy thought his sister was going
to die. / The brother was nervous about giving blood.
4.The boy is in distress. / The boy thinks something awful will happen. / The boy was
afraid to talk.
5.The boy accepts the awful situation. / The boy accepts there is nothing he can do to
change things. / The boy believes that he has no control over his fate.
3 Analyzing the Story: Suspense page 198
Answers:
e 5
d 1
c 3
b 4
f 2
a 6
6
4
3
1
5
2
Markham enters the operating room and sees Nell.
The girl is bleeding heavily and there is little time to save her life.
Doctor Burroughs asks Markham to persuade the brother to give blood.
The boy learns that his sister is very close to death and he becomes very anxious.
Markham and the boy wait anxiously for the boy to give blood.
Markham realizes his mistake and Doctor Burroughs explains to the boy that he’s
not going to die.
Chapter 12 Thicker Than Water 36
Summing Up
B W ords F requently C onfused
pages
201–202
Possible answers:
From “A Visit to Grandmother”
1.Bruno was very weak after his sickness.
2.He had been in the hospital for a week.
3.Our church is having a bazaar next week. We have collected many nice items to sell.
4.Many of Stephen King’s horror stories are bizarre.
5.Our team beat our opponents by a narrow score.
6.We’re going to have beets for dinner. I hope you like them.
From “Too Soon a Woman”
1.–2. Four of us were fourth in line for the tickets to the show.
3.When the country asked for volunteer firefighters, my brother came forth to offer his
services.
4.Office workers enjoy a coffee break.
Be careful of the glasses. You might break them.
5.We came to a sudden stop when the driver braked the bus. He applied the brake too
quickly.
6.Do you still have that pain in your neck? Yes, it pains me very much.
7.When the child threw the ball, it hit the window and broke a pane of glass.
From “Thicker Than Water”
1.It’s sunny today.
2.My cat is white but its tail is black.
3.The nurse couldn’t find a vein to take a blood sample.
4.He is very good looking but very vain.
5.Is that your house over there?
6.You’re a very good teacher.
C S pelling
pages
202–203
Answers:
Past
Present Participle
saidsaying
enviedenvying
criedcrying
supposedsupposing
judgedjudging
drieddrying
raisedraising
arrivedarriving
producedproducing
graduatedgraduating
Summing Up 37
D R eview T est
pages
204–205
Answers:
1.Charles, Chig’s father, rarely visits his own mother.
2.C
3.C
4.It’s too bad that it rained yesterday. We had to cancel the game.
5.Dickens’s novels are famous in every country.
6.Neither you nor I am to blame.
7.Every one of us is responsible.
8.C
9.C
10.Chig, as well as his father, was surprised to see GL.
11.Charles’s mother thinks she understands her son.
12.If it doesn’t rain, we’ll go to the park.
13.You’re going to the game, aren’t you?
14.C
15.My name is Susan. What’s yours?
16. The son and his father understand each other.
17.If Pa hadn’t allowed Mary to join the family, the children would have starved.
Summing Up 38
P a rt F i v e
Meeting Challenges
C h a p t e r 13
A Rice Sandwich
S andra C isneros
C U nderstanding
the
S tory
1 Reading Comprehension page 211
Answers:
1.Esperanza is the narrator.
2.She wants to feel important and special. She sees the canteen as a special place.
3.She thinks her other children will also want sandwiches, and she’ll have more work
every night.
4.Kiki and Carlos are Esperanza’s brothers.
5.She feels dizzy.
6.She nags her mother for three days until her mother agrees to write the note.
7.Esperanza does not live far enough away from school to qualify for lunch in the
canteen. At first she’s disappointed, but then she realizes the canteen isn’t a special
place. It doesn’t live up to Esperanza’s expectations.
2 Guessing Meaning from Context pages 211–212
Answers:
1. boulevard; 2. faint; 3. suffer; 4. skinny; 5. hollered; 6. raggedy; 7. anemic;
8. canteen; 9. Spartan; 10. nodded; 11. dizzy; 12. nun; 13. greasy;
Chapter 13 A Rice Sandwich 39
3 Grammar: Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences pages 213–215
Application 1
Answers:
SubjectVerb
1.We like 2.He waited 3.She looked 4.(You) let 5.I was
6.We hope
7.We liked
8.They planned
ConjunctionSubjectVerb
and we like
and he was
but he had not written
because she lives
and I
ran
because we won’t be able
but book was
and they sent
Application 2
Answers:
1.When the astronauts landed, the people cheered and clapped.
2.Because I am shy, I don’t say anything.
3.Nenny doesn’t want to eat at school because she likes to go home with Gloria.
4.I stood in front of the big desk while the Sister Superior read my letter.
5.You would appreciate me when I came home finally at 3 p.m.
6.Lots of boys and girls watched while I ate my sandwich.
1.The people cheered and clapped when the astronauts landed.
2.I don’t say anything because I am shy.
3.Because she likes to go home with Gloria, Nenny doesn’t want to eat at school.
4.While the Sister Superior read my letter, I stood in front of the big desk.
5.When I came home finally at 3 p.m., you would appreciate me.
6.While I ate my sandwich, lots of boys and girls watched me.
Chapter 13 A Rice Sandwich 40
D T hinking C ritically
2 Making Inferences page 216
Answers:
1. c; 2. c; 3. a
3 Analyzing the Story: Tone pages 216–217
Possible answers:
The special kids . . . get to eat in the canteen. Serious
You kids just like to invent more work for me. Humorous
I can’t even blow up a balloon without getting dizzy. Serious / Humorous
Where is my favorite daughter you would cry. . . . Humorous
If I ate at school, there’d be less dishes to wash. Serious / Humorous
As you can see she’s very skinny. Humorous
I hope to God she does not faint. Humorous
. . . then she made me stand up on a box of books and point. Serious
I always cry when nuns yell at me, even if they’re not yelling. Serious
Chapter 13 A Rice Sandwich 41
C h a p t e r 14
The Circus
W illiam S aroyan
C U nderstanding
the
S tory
1 Reading Comprehension page 225
Answers:
1.Aram is the narrator.
2.The circus was “adventure, travel, danger, skill, grace, romance, comedy, peanuts,
popcorn, chewing gum, and soda-water.”
3.Joey and Aram are in the fifth grade at Emerson School.
4.The story takes place in April.
5.Mr. Stafford is the truant officer from the Board of Education, and Mr. Dawson is the
principal of Emerson School.
6.The story is humorous.
7.The mood is funny and lighthearted. Humorous scenes include: Joey running into
the classroom to get Aram, and both boys running out of school; the boys outwitting
and escaping from Stafford; the conflict between Dawson and Stafford; the boys
accepting their punishment and agreeing to “modulate” their voices.
2 Guessing Meaning from Context pages 226–227
Answers:
1. truant officer; 2. hooligans; 3. reform school; 4. modulation; 5. irritated, sore,
wrecked; 6. Canvas; 7. exaggerating; 8. tramps; 9. liable; 10. howl; 11. veritable;
12. hollered
Chapter 14 The Circus 42
3 Grammar: Transitional Words and Phrases pages 228–229
Application
Answers:
1.We trekked through the jungle for four days. Finally, we arrived at the village.
2.She had studied the piano for many years. However (Still, Nonetheless,
Nevertheless), she never got over her fear of playing for an audience.
3.We thought we had enough money for our vacation. Nonetheless (However), we ran
out of cash after the first week.
4.They didn’t invite me. Therefore, I can’t go to the party with you.
5.He learned French many years ago. However (Still, Nevertheless), he remembers
many words.
6.I walked through the city. Instead (However), my friend preferred to take a bus.
7.The jury doubted his innocence. Consequently (Therefore), he was convicted.
8.Before the performance began, the orchestra was practicing. Similarly (Meanwhile),
the chorus was rehearsing its songs.
9.Joey and Aram were afraid of Mr. Dawson. Furthermore (Also), they were afraid of
Mr. Stafford.
10.We couldn’t get tickets, although we waited in line for two hours.
4Editing page 229
Possible answer:
A little girl walked to her friend’s house. She became tired. In addition, she was
hungry. Although she was lost, she wasn’t afraid. In fact, she had gone to her
friend’s house many times before. Then she found a compass in her pocket. Although
she looked at the compass, it didn’t help her find the path to her friend’s house. In
fact, it didn’t help her at all. Finally, she became angry. Then she became sad. She
looked in her pocket again. This time she found something to help her. She found a
map.
D T hinking C ritically
2 Making Inferences page 230
Answers:
1. c; 2. b; 3. a
Chapter 14 The Circus 43
3 Analyzing the Story: Dialogue pages 230–231
Answers:
3 I had breakfast at the circus table.
2 Aram Groglanian, you stay in this room.
7 All right, you hooligans, come along with me.
4 I don’t figure I could work with lions right away.
1 The circus is in town.
8 Well, here’s where we go to Reform School.
5 We can’t help it. It hurts.
6 I believe a lad can overdo his howling . . . .
Joey (line 34)
Miss Fliberty (lines 25–26)
Stafford (line 164)
Joey (lines 40–41)
Joey (line 23)
Aram (line 200)
Joey (line 77)
Old man Dawson (line 79)
Chapter 14 The Circus 44
C h a p t e r 15
The Warriors
A nna L ee W alters
C U nderstanding
the
S tory
1 Reading Comprehension page 244
Answers:
1.The children enjoyed Uncle Ralph’s visits because he told them exciting stories about
the Pawnees.
2.He taught them Pawnee words and songs and a love of beauty. He also taught them
tolerance for the hobos.
3.They were fascinated with hobos because they wondered where the hobos came from,
where they traveled, and what kinds of places they had seen. Uncle Ralph eventually
became a hobo.
4.He was an alcoholic.
5.The narrator awoke one morning with a sense that someone had departed. Her sister
heard his tap on her door and her mother knew.
2 Guessing Meaning from Context pages 244–245
Answers:
1. offspring; 2. poignant; 3. etiquette; 4. ravage; 5. fantasized; 6. obsessively; 7. array;
8. wary; 9. collided; 10. gourd; 11. haggard; 12. melodic; 13. exasperation; 14. rumors;
15. unsettling
Chapter 15 The Warriors 45
3 Grammar: Using Commas, Semicolons, and Colons page 250
Application
Answers:
1.Uncle Ralph asked, “Do you know what hobos are?”
2.Because Indians live on reservations, they often are isolated from town people.
3.Phoenix, Arizona, is located in the West.
4.On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed.
5.The narrator, as well as her sister, was fascinated with hobos.
6.Uncle Ralph, who was a Pawnee, told his nieces many Indian stories.
7.“Have you read,” asked the teacher, “many stories about Indian tribes?”
8.George Washington, the first president of the United States, is called “the father of
our country.”
9.My dog, an Irish setter, likes to run through the woods.
10.When you go to the market, please buy some pears, apples, and grapes.
11.Indeed, I shall come to your party on Thursday.
12.We are, of course, expecting you.
13.Anna Lee Walters, the author of this story, is a Native American.
14.Although we had planned for twenty guests, more than thirty people arrived.
4Editing page 250
Answers:
After we came to the United States, we decided to plan a trip to the West. We want
to visit the following places: Denver, Colorado; Phoenix, Arizona; Santa Fe, New
Mexico; Salt Lake City, Utah; and the national parks. We also want to see the Indian
reservations, particularly the Pawnees. We read about them in the stories of Anna Lee
Walters, a Native American author. She is a writer; she is an educator. As a Native
American, she knows many interesting tales. My friend, Fran, told me, “Don’t miss
the Grand Canyon. It is an incredible sight.” Indeed, we look forward to our trip
across the United States.
D T hinking C ritically
2 Making Inferences pages 251–252
Answers:
1. c; 2. b; 3. c
Chapter 15 The Warriors 46
3 Analyzing the Story: Local Color page 252
Possible answers:
Customs:
He was Momma’s younger brother, and he could have disciplined us if he so desired.
(lines 10–12)
At times he pointed to those stars and greeted them by their Pawnee names. He liked to
pray for Sister and me, for everyone and every tiny thing in the world, but we never
hear him ask for anything from Atius, the father. (lines 23–26)
. . . painted proud warriors who shrieked poignant battle cries . . . and died with
honor. (lines 41–43)
. . . heard their fierce and haunting battle cries.(lines 45–46)
The Pawnee custom was that the man, the warrior, should bring food, preferably meat
. . . [it is] prepared and served to the man, the warrior, along with the host’s family.
(lines 232–235)
. . . Momma’s momma’s dad . . . wore old Pawnee leggings and the long feathers of a
dark bird sat upon his head. (lines 248–250)
“Pumpkin Flower . . . That’s what your Pawnee name is. Now don’t forget it.” (lines
282–285)
Beliefs:
“The Evening Star and the Morning Star bore children and some people say that these
offspring are how we are.” (lines 21–23)
“For beauty is why we live. . . . We die for it, too.” (lines 27–28)
“We not like others. We see things different. We’re Pawnees. We’re warriors!” (lines
108–110)
“Our folks says a man’s always got people.” (line 156)
“We your people!” (line 177)
“The old people said to live beautifully with prayers and song.” (lines 302–303)
Chapter 15 The Warriors 47
Summing Up
B W ords F requently C onfused
page
255
Answers:
From “The Rice Sandwich”
wear: (verb) to put on clothing
ware: (noun) an article of commerce
where: (adverb) a question regarding place; designating place
one: (pronoun) a single individual person or thing
won: (verb) past tense of win
ate: (verb) past tense of eat
eight: (adjective) a number between seven and nine
eighth: (adjective) in line after seventh
tired: (adjective) weary
tried: (verb) past tense of try
made: (verb) past tense of make
maid: (noun) an unmarried girl; a female servant
From “The Circus”
need: (verb) to require; (noun) a necessity
knead: (verb) to press dough by hand
whole: (adjective) entire
hole: (noun) a hollow place; an opening
tear: (noun) a rip; a sign of weeping; (verb) to rip
fair: (adjective) average; light-complexioned; just; (noun) an exhibition
fare: (noun) money required to pay for transportation
pole: (noun) a stick
poll: (noun) a place of voting; a survey of public opinion; (verb) to take a survey
seem: (verb) to appear
seam: (noun) the joining of two pieces of cloth
real: (adjective) genuine
reel: (noun) a part of a fishing rod; (verb) to pull in with a reel
From “The Warriors”
wary: (adjective) suspicious; cautious
weary: (adjective) tired
stars: (noun) constellations
stairs: (noun) a series of steps
brought: (verb) past tense of bring
bought: (verb) past tense of buy
tape: (verb) to record something; (noun) a magnetic recording; a narrow strip of strong
fabric
tap: (verb) to strike gently; to move one’s foot rhythmically; (noun) a gentle blow
Summing Up 48
C S pelling
page
256
Answers:
patiosbassos
potatoestomatoes
studiostrios
kangarooszoos
stereospianos
D F inal R eview T est
pages
256–258
Answers:
1.I like fruit very much. I always keep it in my refrigerator.
2.The store is closed. We should have gone earlier.
3.C
4.We’re always interested in reading new fiction.
5.Let’s keep the money for ourselves.
6.C
7.Each of the actors comes from my home town.
8.Jane and I are going to the game.
9.C
10.We never go to the beach on weekends.
11.I don’t want to go with John. He drives too quickly.
12.The news of her unexpected marriage was surprising.
13.C
14.Not one of them writes a clear memo.
15.C
16.That’s my coat. Is this one yours?
17.It’s too bad our dog hurt its paw.
18.If I were you, I would rent a house instead of buying one.
19.We were so thirsty that we could have drunk a pitcher of water.
20.It was Mr. Behrman to whom Johnsy owed her life.
21.Ted sent flowers to my mother and me.
22.Life on a farm is very difficult, especially in winter.
23.C
24.We often read articles about life in various parts of the United States.
Summing Up 49