Chemistry Basics Study Guide Key
8.5.1 ­ States of Matter 1. Identify the following as either a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma Solid Below 0 ℃ for Water Freely moving / Loose Contact X Liquid Thermal energy removed from a solid becomes a X X Made up of free positive and negative atoms that aren’t bound to a nucleus Thermal energy added to a solid becomes a Vibrating / Fixed Positions Plasma X X X Gas X X Freely moving / Not in Contact X Example: Lightning Thermal energy added to a liquid becomes a X Example: Water Vapor X Thermal energy removed from a gas becomes a X X X Thermal energy added to a gas becomes a X Between 0 ℃ and 100 ℃ for Water X Example: Ice Cube X Thermal energy removed from a liquid becomes a X Above 100 ℃ for Water 2.
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If I put a pot on the stove, I am _____​
adding​
_________ thermal energy If I put water in the freezer, I am ____​
removing​
__________ thermal energy X 8.5.2 ­ Identifying unknown samples 3. A mystery powder has crystals so you know it contains either sugar or salt. How would you be able to identify which one it is? ● You would burn the sample. ● If it burns/caramelizes it is sugar ● If it doesn’t do anything it is salt. 4. A mystery powder fizzes/bubbles when vinegar is added so you know it contains either baking soda or baking powder. How would you be able to identify which one it is? ● You would test the sample with iodine. ● If the powder turns black it is baking powder. ● If it doesn’t react it would be baking soda. 5.
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A mystery powder turns black when iodine is added so you know it contains either cornstarch or baking powder. How would you be able to identify which one it is? ● You would test the sample with vinegar. ● If the sample fizzes / bubbles then it is baking powder. ● If it doesn’t react it is corn starch. A mystery powder burns / caramelizes when you heat the sample so you know it contains either sugar or powdered sugar. How would you be able to identify which one it is? ● You would look at the sample under a microscope or hand lens. ● If it has crystals it is sugar. ● If it doesn’t it is powdered sugar. A mystery powders edges turns burn when you heat the sample so you know it contains baking powder or flour. How would you be able to identify which one it is? ● You can smell the sample. ● If it smells like fire crackers it is baking powder. ● If it smells like burnt toast it is flour. ● You also could do a vinegar or iodine test. ● Baking powder reacts to both. ● Flour does not react to either. 8.5.3 ­ Classifying Matter 8.
Identify the following as either a element, compound, homogeneous mixture or heterogeneous mixture. You can mark more than one if needed Pure substance Example: Granola Bar Compound X X Any substance that contains only one kind of atom Example: Methane Anything found on the periodic table Example: Chocolate Chip Cookie Element Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneou
s Mixture X X X X X Example: Helium X Identified by a chemical symbol (ex. H) X Example: Air X Contains elements and compounds that are ​
evenly distributed X Example: Water X Consists of atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together X Example: Blood X Identified by a chemical formula (H​
O) 2​
Contains elements and compounds that are ​
unevenly distributed Example: Carbon X X X Consists of two or more different elements/compounds X Example: Carbon Dioxide X Example: Sugar X