Packet #1
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
A. Highlights for Section 1
 Matter: anything that has mass and volume
 Mass: amount of matter in an object
 Inertia: resistance to changes in motion
 Weight:
Pull of gravity on an object determines
Gravity:
the objects weight
is a force
 Volume: amount of space matter takes up
L x W x H (regular
and irregular)
 Density: Mass
Volume
 Identify the 4 phases of matter:
o Solid
o Liquid
o Gas
o Plasma
o Identify the 4 classes of matter:
o Mixtures
o Solutions
o Elements
o Compounds
E. Highlights for Section 2 pages 60-67
o Describe the 3 important properties of a mixture.
o Composed of 2 or more substances not combined
chemically
o Can change their appearance but not their
properties
o Can be combinations of elements and compounds
o Compare a Heterogeneous mixture with a Homogeneous
mixture.
o Heterogeneous-Doesn’t look the same throughout,
particles are large, can be separated (sandwich)
o Homogeneous-Does look the same throughout,
particles are small, not recognizable (salt water)
o Explain what a solution is and what its properties are
o Solution-Type of homogeneous mixture formed
when one substance dissolves in another
o Properties Solute-substance that is dissolved (powder)
 Solvent-substance that does the dissolving
(water)
L. Highlights for Section 3 pages 68-71
 Describe a pure substance
o All particles are alike
o Made of only one kind of material
o Has definite properties
o Same throughout
o Elements are the simpliest
 Cannot be changed to a simplier substance
 Explain the relation between atoms and an element
o Smallest part of an element is an atom
 Atom is basic building block of matter
 Atoms of the same element are alike
 Atoms of different elements are different
 Identify chemical symbols for some common elements
o Chemical symbols are a shorthand way of representing
elements
 Aluminum=Al
Carbon-C
o Latin name of an element is used as its symbol
 Ferrum (iron)=Fe
P. Highlights for Section 4 pages 71-76
 Describe how a compound differs from an element
o Compounds are pure substances that are made of more
than one element (sugar=C,H,O)
 Can be broken down to a simplier substances
 Properties of elements that make up a compound are
different
 Explain how a molecule is represented
o Molecules are made of two or more atoms chemically
bonded together
 Molecule is smallest particle of a compound that has
all the properties of that compound
 Water is a compound-it is made up of 2 atoms (H)
chemically bonded to 1 atom of (O)=H2O
o All molecules of a compound are alike
o Explain how a molecule is represented
 Explain a chemical formula and equation
o Chemical formulas are a shorthand way of representing
chemical substances
 NH3= 1 atom of N (Nitrogen), 3 atoms of H (Hydrogen)
 The number 3 is called a subscript
o Chemical equations are the description of a chemical
equation using symbols and formulas
 H2+O2
H2O
 Equations must be balanced using coefficient
 2H2+O2
2H2O