Pre-Civil War Notes
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Military Leaders of the Mexican War
1. Army officer who wrote glowing
reports about California before war;
helped establish Bear Flag Republic
2. Drove Mexicans out of disputed
border region; won battles at Palo
Alto, Monterrey and Buena Vista
3. Led army that landed at Veracruz;
won victories at Cerro Gordo,
Churubusco, and Chapultepec
before capturing Mexico City
4. Millionaire; led cavalry soldiers who
captured Santa Fe; suffered heavy
casualties in California
5. Whig candidate for President [1848]
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___ John C. Frémont
___ Stephen W. Kearny
___ Winfield Scott
___ Zachary Taylor
Review: Mexican War and Mormons
1. African American; called Mexican __ Henry Clay
War “disgraceful” and “cruel”
2. Critic of Mexican War; his son was __ Frederick Douglass
killed at Battle of Buena Vista
__ Abraham Lincoln
3. Founder of Church of Jesus Christ
__ James K. Polk
of Latter-day Saints (Mormons)
4. Led Mormons to Great Salt Lake
__ Joseph Smith
5. Told Congress Mexico had “invaded
__ Brigham Young
our territory and shed American
blood upon the American soil”
6. Whig Congressman from Illinois;
opposed Mexican War
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexico:
• Gave up all claims to Texas
• Accepted the Rio Grande as
the border with Texas
• Ceded California and New
Mexico to the U.S.
Polk
United States:
• Paid Mexico $15 million
• Would respect rights of Spanish
speakers in Mexican Cession
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Review: Mexican War & afterward
• Nearly ___ percent of the American soldiers in the
Mexican War died. Most died of _______________,
not battle wounds.
• The Battle of _______________ was the bloodiest
battle of the Mexican War. Both sides claimed victory.
• The Mexican War cost the U.S. $_____ million.
• In 1853, the U.S. paid Mexico $_____ million for a
strip of land in _______________ and New Mexico
called the Gadsden Purchase.
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Review: Vocabulary
1.Catholic deserters from U.S. Army who fought
for Mexico; branded or executed when captured
2.Farmers who did not have slaves; largest group
of whites in the South
3.Felt immigration threatened the future of “real”
Americans
4.Hispanic [Spanish-speaking] Californians
5.More than 80,000 people who came to
California [in one year] looking for gold
6.Plantation managers and supervisors of slaves
7.Took the law into their own hands on frontier
__ Californios
__ Forty-niners
__ Nativists
__ Overseers
__ San Patricios
__ Vigilantes
__ Yeomen
Review: Inventors
1.Designed and built the first American
steam locomotive
2.First American steam locomotive; lost
a race with a horse-drawn train
3.Invented the mechanical reaper that
sped up the harvesting of grain
4.Invented the sewing machine in 1846
5.Invented the steel-tipped plow that
easily cut through hard-packed sod
6.Invented the telegraph; used electric
signals to transmit messages
__ Peter Cooper
__ John Deere
__ Elias Howe
__ Cyrus McCormick
__ Samuel Morse
__ Tom Thumb
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Review: Immigration
• Between 1840 and 1860 the largest groups of
immigrants came from _______________ (escaping a
terrible __________ famine) and _______________.
• Many immigrants were _______________ (religion).
• Nativists accused immigrants of taking ____________
from “real” Americans and accused the newcomers of
bringing __________ and __________ to U.S. cities.
• The anti-immigrant American Party in the 1850s
became known as the _______________ Party.
Review: More important facts
• __________ ships were the pride of the open seas and
could travel 300 miles per day.
• Railroads lowered the prices of grain, _____________,
and __________ products.
• Factory owners showed more concern for
_______________ than for their employees.
• Racial _______________ and discrimination remained
in Northern states that had abolished slavery.
• Laws prohibited free African Americans from
_______________ and did not allow them to attend
public _______________ or use public facilities.
• The majority of African Americans were __________
[economic status].
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