Chapter 20: The Conservative Order and
the Challenges of Reform
Section 5: The Conservative Order Shaken
in Europe
By Dallin F. Hardy
Russia: The Decembrist Revolt
of 1825

Tsar Alexander I


Reigned 1801-1825
Reign

Initially


Later


Liberal
Conservative
Suppressed


Liberalism
Nationalism

Russian Occupation of France

Illustrated to Russian soldiers

Backwardness of Russia

Politically

Southern Society


Russian secret society
Led by

Pestel


Russian officer
Advocated
 Representative
government
 Abolition of serfdom

Northern Society



Secret society
Moderate
Favored


Constitutional monarchy
Abolition of serfdom

Death of Alexander I



1825
No direct heir
Constantine


Next in line
Nicholas I

Nicholas I

Reigned 1825-1855

Decembrist Revolt



1825
St. Petersburg
Led by

Russian


Junior officers
First Russian rebellion
with

Specific goals

Autocracy of Nicholas I

Symbolized

Most extreme form of 19thcentury autocracy

Peasant Issue

“There is no doubt that
serfdom, in its present
form, is a flagrant evil
which everyone realizes,
yet to attempt to remedy
it now would be, of
course, an evil more
disastrous.”

Nicholas I

Official Nationality



1833
Russiafication
Russian Orthodox Church

Provided basis for



Education
Morality
Intellectual life

Control of Poland

Russian Tsar

King of Poland

Polish Revolt



1830
Warsaw
Suppressed by

Tsar Nicholas I

Organic Statute


1832
Poland

Declared an integral part of
the Russian Empire
Revolution In France (1830)

Death of Louis XVIII

1824

Charles X


Reigned 1824-1830
Ultraroyalist

Policies of Charles X

Reparations to


Restored


Aristocrats
Primogeniture
Punished sacrilege

Elections of 1830

Liberals

Scored a stunning victory

Chamber of Deputies

Four Ordinances


July 25, 1830
Restricted


Dissolved


Chamber of Deputies
Limited


Freedom of the press
Franchise to only the wealthy
Called

For new elections

July Revolution



1830
Barricades
King called out troops

Could not regain Paris

Abdication of Charles X


August 2, 1830
Ended

Bourbon Dynasty in France

Louis Philippe


Reigned 1830-1848
“King of the French”

Policies of Louis Philippe

Restored



Tricolor flag
Freedom of the press
New Constitution

French Turmoil

Canut Revolt


Uprising


1831
1832
April Insurrections

1834
Belgium Becomes Independent
(1830)

United Kingdom of the
Netherlands


1815-1830
Merged


Netherlands
Belgium

William I


Reigned 1815-1840
King of Holland

Belgian Revolution


1830
Riot in Brussels

Belgian Independence

1830

Established

Liberal constitution

Prince Leopold of SaxeCoburg


Reigned 1831-1865
King of Belgium

Independent Luxembourg

1839
The Great Reform Bill in Britain
(1832)

King George IV

Reigned 1820-1830

Whigs

Liberal


19th century
Constitutional monarchism

Tories

Conservative

19th century

Irish Rebellion


1798
Ireland


Sought independence from
Britain
Results

Rebellion crushed

Act of Union


1800
Gave Ireland
representation

Catholic Association

Sought Catholic
emancipation

Catholic Emancipation Act


1829
Roman Catholics

Now could become members
of Parliament

King William IV

Reigned 1830-1837

Great Reform Bill of 1832

King William IV

Threatened to alter


House of Lords
 If they would not pass
 Great Reform Bill
Expanded the size of the

English electorate

Increased by 50%