LANGUAGI FOCUS
Adverbs
Adverbs with two forms
Adverb tollocations
Some adverbs have two forms, one with and one
without -ý. Compare these examples.
Adverbs often go with certain verbs and adjectives.
Look at the examples from the article on pp28-29.
adverb
endlessly
relentlessly
verb *
hear about
turning
I
))
I
66t*ar
Reference Pl50
r
I
sorely
highly
fatatly
interminably
perfectly
conscientiously
3
Reference
significantly?
We all work extremely
Some countries can
three years.
-- return
2 The
of the Shakespearean actor Donald
awaited'
Bennett to the London stage is
We all
team'
sales
a
with
i work
3
work hard.
4
It
is
6
7
8
before 2 p.m.
9
Having
10
worked
for the same firm for forty
years, he was awarded a gold watch.
In her anger she hit him. Later she
-
regretted this.
11 Two people escaped unhurt in the accident, but
t2
unfortunately the third passenger was
injured and died on the way to hospital.
Alison made her views on the subject of politicians
clear. She dislikes all of them.
Match the verbs and adverbs. Make sentences using the
adverb collocations.
A
B
scream
passionately
profusely
longingly
hysterically
conscientiously
deliberately
Saze
love
break something
work
apologize
n
Unit
3
'
feed their own people'
-.
2
Manchester won the match
Relaxl Take it
3
I hate it when people arrive
impossible to get-.away from mobile
phones these days.
--motivated
affected the roads this
Bad weather has
weekend. Driving conditions are treacherous'
The politician's speech seemed to go on
but in fact it was -only thirty minutes.
tempted to
Ihate cold climates.I am
warm.
emigrate somewhere
-,
remember you telling me not to phone
I
5
p'150
Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the aáverb. In which examples does the meaning alter
need a holiday. I haven't had a break for
I
highlY motivated
finelY-choPPed onions
w]l.:]:]]:l].:.:i:.]i:]]'.]]]]]::]::::]::::.,]]::]:::::]l:]..]:i]:l]]:.]:::]i
Complete the sentences with an adverb from the box'
severely deeply
eagerly desperately
virtually distinctly
high
doing fine
}} Grammar
flying
adverb * adjective
deeply worried
utterly destroyed
What have you been doing
'Can you lend me some money?"
-?
that
you can see
Your Plan just
wouldn't work?
wronS
-.'
wronglY
was
accused of being a sPY'
At first everything was great, but then it all went
He
free
freely
about his criminal Past.
He talked
after twentY Years
The prisoner walked
jail.
in
most
mostty
What do you
like
about me?
She worked wherever she could,
restaurants.
wide
--
widely
travelled
in Europe and Asia.
She has
open.
When I got home, the door was
--Big business
in
.T
just
The adverb jrzsr is used in many different ways. What
does it mean in these sentences? (Sometimes it doesn't
mean very much!)
4
i
A new pair of socks for me! That's just what
I wanted!
6 l!f,l
Listen to an interview with the Prime Minister.
\A{rat is the latest crisis to hit the government? The
word just is used five times. How many different uses
can you remember?
Thank you.
2 '\\4ro's that?"Don't worry. It's just me.'
3 You're just as beautiful as your sister.
4 I'm just putting the kettle on. Would you like a coffee?
5 I just caught the train with seconds to spare'
6 'I don't know what to do."\A4ry don't you just wait
7
8
9
10
and see what happens?'
I wish you'd just listen to me
Just look at the children! Aren't they cute?
matter?''I don't know. It's just .. ' it's just
that I find it difficult to talk to you sometimes.'
'\A4rat's the
řffi'
5
for once!
We're just about out of sugar'
Grammar Reference Pl50
Adverbs are also dealt with in Units 10 and
.|1.
Add jusl to these sentences. Match them to the definitions
in the Grammar Reference.
1 Thanks for your advice. Listening to you makes me
feel better.
I've read the most amazingbook. You must read it.
Hang on a sec. I'm going to the loo'
4 The holiday was totally relaxing, which was what
I needed.
5 My daughter is as hopeless with money as me.
2
3
stood on tiptoe and managed to catch sight of Peter
disappearing into the distance.
Do what I say. That's all I'm asking you to do.
We're about ten minutes or so away from the hotel'
6 I
7
B
7 l|f,l
aS
The lines below are similar but not the same
Some in the interview. Listen again and identiý the
differences.
1
We've been hearin g aÍ great length in the media
about the latest crisis.
Polls show very clearly that the vast majority of the
population fully support us.
My government deserves every penny of their
payrise.
I have a lot of respect for our public sector workers,
n1g very hardworking.
Time and time again your ministers have urged
workers to accept increases in line with inflation.
they
o It seems absolutely clear to me.
MPs is being greatly
funds.
of
lack
by
hindered
Their salaries are ridiculously small compared to
those people working in industrY.
My own salary is being reviewed independently and
it will be reviewed impartially.
10 I believe categorically in fair and just settlements for
all working people.
7 The effectiveness of the nation's
'I ruottld
like ttll of you to think of nte as
jrtst one of the
guys!'
Read the tapescript on p134 and check your answers'
How many more adverbs can you find?
Unit
3
'
Big
business
33
2
The future in the past is often found in narratives.
A.lice smiled as she thought of the euening to come. She was meeting Peter, and together they
were going to see a play at the Adelphi Theatre. She was sure the evening would be enjoyable.
UNIT
3
3
naverb * adiective
When an adverb qualifies an adjective or past participle, it comes immediately before it.
The hotel is completely full.
We were deeply disappointed in his performance.
k rz Adverb+veřb
When an adverb qualifies a verb + object, we do not usually put the adverb between the
verb and its object.
I like Mozart very much. (NOT I
I usualý have lunch a/ ll.00. (NoT
u
&
I
1
Front (at the beginning ofthe clause)
2
Mid (before the main verb, but after the VeÍb fo
sincereý hope you can come to
End (at the end of the clause)
They told me the news
the
party.
yesterday.
úe)
fluently.
Different kinds of adverbs go in different positions, and many can go in all three. The
rules about this are complicated, and you should consult a good grammar book for
details. However, here are their common positions.
(
qui ckly, sinc er ely,
Place
gentý)
upstairs)
Point in time
I end or mid
I end
(here, outside,
(tomorrow, yesterday,
Indefinite
time
tonight)
I end or front
|
I mid
|
(already, still, just)
Some indefinite time adverbs
can go in the end position.
Frequency
(
alway s, nev er, seldom)
Comment
(clearly, obviously,
Linking
naturally)
although)
Degree/intensifier
Ívery, nearly, really)
(however,
so,
I mid
I front or mid
|
I front
|
I before the
| word they
qualiý
She quický tidied the room.
She tidied the room quickly.
Th ey' r e play in g outside.
We're going to Paris totnorrow.
Tomorrow we're going ro Paris.
I've already seen the flIm.
I still don't understand.
I've seen the film already.
I haven't seen it yet.
I always drink tea in the morning.
Obviously I got it wrong.
I obviously got it wrong.
It was raining, so we went home.
I realý like you. (before a verb)
I'm really hot. (before an adjective)
You very nearly killed me! (before
another adverb)
Notes
1
Some adverbs can be both comment and manner. The position depends on which
use it is.
I can see the boat clearly. (manner)
Clearly you need to curb your spending. (comment)
Many herbs grow naturally in hot climates. (manner)
Naturalý, I,.lI pay you back the money I owe you. (comment)
freely
admít
fu 35
Pat and Peter are always late.
She speaks three languages
Adverb collocation
Adverbs can go with certain verbs or adjectives
because there is a link in meaning between the two.
For example, emotions can be deep, so we often find
the adverb deeplywithwords that express feelings.
ileepý regret deeply embarrassing ileeply hurt
Here are some more examples.
recommended
damaged
briskly
Today we're studying adverbs. Obviously it's dfficult. However, we're hauing fun.
I
ku
severely
walk
sadly missed
sa:*e-+s*auy 1unch at 1.00.)
Front, mid, oÍ end position?
Manner
If there is more than one adverbial in the end
position, the normal order is manneÍ' place, time.
highly
Mozart.)
There are three normal positions within a sentence for adverbs.
3
I harc completely forgotten her name.
We have almost finished our work.
He played well yesterday.
I watched the sun rise slowly above the horizon.
I was at home yesterday.
Position of adverbs
S lt
Some adverbs express how complete something is.
They come in mid-position.
desperately anxious
feel strongly
fully insured
easily confused
Adverbs with two forms
Some adverbs have two forms, one with and one
without -17. Sometimes the two meanings are connected
We were Jlying high ouer the ocean.
I think very highly of loe and his work.
HoId tight! The train's going to ,nove.
We control our expenditure tightly.
Sometimes the two meanings are not connected:
We work hard. (al,ot)
I harilly recognized her. (= 2ltrro., tto,,
Turn riýt round. (= completely)
If I remember rightý, they live here. (cotectly)
fu lo iust
Just has several meanings.
exactly
only
This house is just right for us.
He isn't a man. He's1'ust a boy.
a short time before I've just tried phoning you.
right now
I'm just getting dressed.
I just want you to go.
simply, only
I'd just like an egg for breakfast.
Yoťre just as bad as David.
equally, no less
]ust about means almost.
'Are you ready to go?' 'Just about.'
It can express something that is nearly not possible.
I can just reach the top shelf.
Sometimes it doesn't mean very much. It just
emphasizes what yoďre saying!
Iust what do you think you,re doiný!
It's
just incredible!