ARGENTINA
Amerindian (2%) people are native in Argentina, and without additional information, we
assumed that all native groups’ ancestors lived within the current country’s boundaries in
1500 (CF, EV). A great wave of European immigrants (89%) came to Argentina in the
late 19th and early 20th centuries. By share of their descendants in the current population,
these groups were Italians (44%), Spanish (30%), and a total of 15% from other European
countries including France, Poland, Russia, Germany, and Great Britain (CF, EB, CQ,
WCE). Without additional information, we attributed 3% to each of the last five countries.
The Mestizo population (6%) is assumed to have roughly equal numbers of Amerindian
ancestors and European ancestors who arrived during the immigration wave mentioned
above (CF, WCE). Arab immigrants, who along with their descendants account for 3% of
Argentineans, began to arrive in the Americas in 1860s, and we apportion their ancestors
70% to Lebanon, 15% to Syria, and 15% to Israel/Palestine (CAGS, WCE). Africans
came during the slave trade after 1500, and a DNA study suggested a significant
percentage of people are partly descendents of the black Argentineans (WP, EB). Lacking
better information, we assumed that 2% of Argentineans’ ancestors were from African
countries, whose respective proportion was decided according to principles specified in
the main Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.). Jews (1%) started to arrive in
Argentina in several waves after the expulsion from Spain in 1492, and approximately
85% are Ashkenazi, and 15% are Sephardic (EV, CE, JVL, WCE). Jews were attributed
to various European countries (see Part II, 2 in the main Appendix.).
Estimate:
Argentina: 5% (2% as ancestors of Amerindian, 3% as ancestors of Mestizos)
France: 3.085% (0.085% as ancestors of Jews)
Germany: 3.255% (0.255% as ancestors of Jews)
Italy: 44.136% (0.136% as ancestors of Jews)
Poland: 3.0255% (0.0255% as ancestors of Jews)
Russia: 3.02125% (0.02125% as ancestors of Jews)
Spain: 30.222% (0.222% as ancestors of Jews)
UK: 3%
Arab (Total 3%)
Israel/Palestine: 0.45%
Lebanon: 2.1%
Syria: 0.45%
Jew: (Total 1%)
France: (0.085%)
Germany: (0.255%)
Italy: (0.136%)
Lithuania: 0.01275%
Poland: (0.0255%)
Portugal: 0.0555%
Romania: 0.05525%
Russia: (0.02125%)
Spain: (0.222%)
Turkey: 0.1105%
Ukraine: 0.02125%
Mixed Africa: (Total 2%)
Angola: 0.545905%
Benin: 0.9863%
Cameroon: 0.04524%
Congo: 0.166145%
Congo DRC: 0.118675%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.00948%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.00936%
Gabon: 0.149875%
Ghana: 0.4238%
Gambia: 0.00668%
Guinea: 0.02093%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.01002%
Liberia: 0.02212%
Madagascar: 0.019072%
Mozambique: 0.030396%
Nigeria: 0.1877%
Sao Tome and Principe: 0.0234%
Senegal: 0.0167%
Sierra Leone: 0.04347%
Tanzania: 0.010132%
Togo: 0.04227%
BELIZE
Most Belizeans descended from a mixed ancestry. The Mestizo (46% in total) forms the
largest group in this country include 21.5% Guatemalan Mestizos and 2.5% Honduran
Mestizos fleeing the civil unrest during the 1980s (CF, EV, NE, WCD). Since Belize was
first colonized by Spain in the 16th century, and subsequently settled by the British in the
17th century (EB), we attributed half of the 21.5% native Mestizos to Belize, 2/5 to Spain,
and 1/10 to Britain. Guatemalan Mestizos correspond to Ladinos in the Guatemalan file,
and following the same estimation, we attribute 12% to Guatemala, and 10% to Spain.
Honduran Mestizos are equally attributed to Honduras and Spain according to the
Honduran estimation. Creoles (26%) are people of mixed African and European descent
(CF, NE, EV). Since the British settlers were the main importers of slaves, we assumed
that half of Creoles are of African descent, 2/5 of British descent, and 1/10 of Spanish
descent. The respective proportion of each African country was decided according to
proportions specified in the main Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.) The
Garifuna (Black Caribs) (6.5%) are people of mixed Caribbean Indian and African
ancestry (CF, EB, WCD, NE, EV). They moved to Belize from the island of St. Vincent
in the early 19th century (EB). We attributed equal percentages to Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, and mixed African countries, and the respective proportion of each African
country was calculated according to proportions specified in Appendix II for the
Caribbean. There are also 3.7% Mopan Mayans from Guatemala, 3% Ycatec Mayans
from the Mexican State of Yucatán, and 4.3% Kekchi Mayans also from Guatemala
(WCD). They moved to Belize in the 19th century so that they are assumed to originate in
their respective emigrating countries (EB). Chinese (0.5%) and East Indian (3.5%)
laborers were brought to Belize in late 19th century (EB, WCD). The East Indians came
from areas stretching from North India to Bangladesh, and from areas in South India
(HBL), and we attribute 93% of them to India, 5% to Bangladesh, 2% to Pakistan. There
is a Jewish population of 1.2% in Belize (WCD). Lacking information, we assumed that
Belizean Jews share the same ancestry as Jews from South American countries
(Argentina, Chile), and thus, approximately 85% are Ashkenazi, and 15% are Sephardic.
Jews were attributed to various European countries (see Part II, 2 in the main Appendix.).
In addition, there are groups of 0.6% U.S. Whites, 3% German, 0.7% British, and 1%
Guatemalan White, who are mainly of Spanish descent (WCD). U.S. Whites were
attributed to the top seven European countries of origin according to proportions used for
dividing the “White” group within the U.S. population.
Estimate
Belize: 10.75% (as ancestors of Belizean Mestizos)
China: 0.5%
France: 0.147% (0.045% as ancestors of U.S. Whites, 0.102% as ancestors of Jews)
Germany: 3.486% (0.18% as ancestors of U.S. White, 0.306% as ancestors of Jews)
Guatemala: 20% (12% as ancestors of Guatemalan Mestizos, 3.7% as ancestors of Mopan
Maya, 4.3% as ancestors of Kekchi Maya)
Honduras: 1.25% (as ancestors of Honduran Mestizos)
Italy: 0.2232% (0.06% as ancestors of U.S.Whites, 0.1632% as ancestors of Jews)
Mexico: 3% (as ancestors of Yucatec Maya)
Poland: 0.0606% (0.03% as ancestors of U.S. Whites, 0.0306% as ancestors of Jews)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 3.25% (as ancestors of Garifuna)
Spain: 23.7164% (2.6% as ancestors of Creoles, 10% as ancestors of Guatemalan
Mestizos, 1.25% as ancestors of Honduran Mestizos, 8.6% as ancestors of Belizean
Mestizos, 1% as ancestors of Guatemalan White, 0.2664% as ancestors of Jews)
UK: 13.4% (10.4% as ancestors of Creoles, 2.15% as ancestors of Belizean Mestizos,
0.15% as ancestors of U.S. White)
African Mix (Total 16.25% (13% as ancestors of Creoles from Belize, 3.25% as ancestors
of Garifuna))
Angola 4.020241875%
Benin 0.84413875%
Cameroon 0.53863875%
Congo 1.223551875%
Congo DRC 0.873965625%
Cote d'Ivoire 0.1040325%
Equatorial Guinea 0.1114425%
Gabon 1.245440625%
Gambia 0.075075%
Ghana 3.24545%
Guinea 0.18357625%
Guinea-Bissau 0.1126125%
Liberia 0.2427425%
Madagascar 0.14612%
Mozambique 0.23287875%
Nigeria 1.763125%
Sao Tome and Principe 0.27860625%
Senegal 0.1876875%
Sierra Leone 0.38127375%
Tanzania 0.07762625%
Togo 0.36177375%
Indian Subcontinent: (Total 3.5%)
Bangladesh: 0.175%
India: 3.255%
Pakistan: 0.07%
Jews: (Total 1.2%)
France: (0.102%)
Germany: (0.306%)
Italy: (0.1632%)
Lithuania: 0.0153%
Poland: (0.0306%)
Portugal: 0.0666%
Romania: 0.0663%
Russia: 0.0255%
Spain: (0.2664%)
Turkey: 0.1326%
Ukraine: 0.0255%
U.S. Whites: (Total 0.6%)
France: (0.045%)
Germany: (0.18%)
Ireland: 0.12%
Italy: (0.06%)
Netherlands: 0.015%
Poland: (0.03%)
UK: (0.15%)
BOLIVIA
Amerindians, including Quechua (30%) and Aymara (25%), are indigenous groups in
Bolivia (CF, EB, CQ, NE, WCE). Spanish (12%) settlers arrived in this region in early
1500s, and they formed the majority of the white population in Bolivia (CF, EB, CQ). A
significant number of Germans (3%) also settled in Bolivia gradually after Spanish
conquest (EB, WCE). In addition, a mixed, or mestizo population (30%) also exists, and
is assumed to have roughly equal number of Amerindian and Spanish ancestors (CF, EB,
CQ, NE, WCE).
Estimate:
Bolivia: 70% (15% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Germany: 3%
Spain: 27% (15% as ancestors of Mestizos)
BRAZIL
Amerindian groups are indigenous in this region, but pure Amerindians currently
comprise a negligible percentage of the population (CF, NE, RE). Mestizos (10%) are
people of mixed European (mostly Portuguese) and Amerindian ancestry, and they were
assumed to have roughly equal numbers of ancestors from Brazil and Portugal (WCD,
EB). The Portuguese (36.2%) started arriving in Brazil in the 16th century (CQ, TFG,
WCD). Other European groups, including people of Italian (11%), German (5%), and
Spanish (3%) descent came in large numbers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (EB,
CQ, NE, JD, TFG). The ancestors of African Brazilians (6%) arrived as slaves between
the mid-1500s and 1850 when the slave trade was abolished (CF, LC, CQ, NE, WCD).
The Mulatto (28%) are people of mixed European (mostly Portuguese) and African
ancestry (WCD, CF, EB, LC), and we attribute equal percentages of their ancestors to
Portugal and to African countries, whose respective proportion was decided according to
principles specified in the main Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.) Japanese
(0.8%) also began to arrive in Brazil in the 19th century (WCD, CF, EB, JD). Other
countries contributed 0.1% or less of the population and are not considered.
Estimate:
Brazil: 5% (as ancestors of Mestizos)
Germany: 5%
Italy: 11%
Japan: 0.8%
Portugal: 55.2% (5% ancestors of Mestizos, 14% ancestors of Mulattos)
Spain: 3%
Africa mix (Total 20% (14% as ancestors of Mulattos))
Angola: 5.4525%
Benin: 0.987%
Cameroon: 0.4524%
Congo: 1.6625%
Congo DRC: 1.1875%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.0948%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.0936%
Gabon: 1.4995%
Gambia: 0.0668%
Ghana: 4.24%
Guinea: 0.2093%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.1002%
Liberia: 0.2212%
Madagascar: 0.19072%
Mozambique: 0.30396%
Nigeria: 1.878%
Sao Tome and Principe: 0.234%
Senegal: 0.167%
Sierra Leone: 0.4347%
Tanzania: 0.10132%
Togo: 0.423%
CANADA
A little over half of all Canadians are descended from British and French immigrants,
with almost another quarter being descended from other European immigrants, including
ones from Germany, Italy, Ireland, the Ukraine, the Netherlands, and Poland. Only about
3.3% are estimated to be descended from people indigenous to Canada before 1500.
Immigrants from China (3.6%), India (2.6%), and West Indian countries are now wellrepresented, with the latter being mainly traceable to ancestors brought as slaves from
African countries. Our estimates for the country are based on the Canadian estimate is
based on Statistics Canada, 2001 Canada Census *, which lists ancestries reported by
current Canadians (see Canada breakdown notes.xls in the additional Appendix). Some
assumptions are required to reach a satisfactory estimate among other reasons because
many respondents of probable European ancestry did not list immigrant origins and
because listing origins in the Americas probably had earlier ancestors in Africa. The
assumptions we used are: 1) given that respondents reported either single or multiple
ancestries, we re-weighted the numbers for “single responses” and “multiple responses”
to obtain a single percentage share for each ancestry. The steps are as follows: a)
calculating the total number in the “single response” column, which accounts for 61% of
Canada’s population in 2001; b) dividing up the remaining proportion based on the
“multiple responses” column; c) allocating the 39% in proportion to the numbers in the
“multiple responses” column. For example, if ancestry A accounts for 10% of the
multiple responses and for 15% of the single responses, then A gets 15% + 39%*10% =
18.9%; d) prior to steps a) – c) we excluded ancestries with less than 0.1% population and
normalized the proportions of the remaining groups. 2) People claiming “Canadian”
ancestry in 2001 were assumed to have the same ancestry shares as the whole Canadian
population in 1971. 3) People classified as “Jewish” were allocated to a few European
countries according to rules specified in the main Appendix (see Part II, 2 in the main
Appendix.) 4) The “Irish” was assigned to the UK and Ireland in proportion to their
current Irish populations (treating Northern Ireland as part of UK). 5) The method used
in 4) was applied to the “Punjabi” originating in India and Pakistan 6) The “Métis” are
people of mixed Indian and European descent (mainly French and British settlers), and
we assumed half of their ancestors were from Canada, and the other half were equally
divided between France and the UK. 7) The category “Yugoslav” was allocated to two of
the component countries with a significant population in Canada (Croatia, and Serbia and
Montenegro) in proportion to their shares in 2001 Canadian population. The method used
in 7) was also applied to 8) “Arab” (attributed to Egypt and Lebanon) and 9) “South
Asian” (attributed to India and Pakistan.) 10) People classified as “USA” were assigned
to a number of European countries of origin according to proportions used for dividing
the “White” group within the U.S. population. 11) People from the Americas, including
Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, and Trinidad & Tobago were traced back to other countries of
origin according to estimations made for populations in these American countries. A
large percentage of people from the Americas have ancestors from Africa, and this
proportion was added to the “Mixed Africa” category. 12) The categories “African”,
“Black”, “West Indian”, and “Mixed Africa” from 11) were added together, and were
assigned to African countries according to principles specified for the “Caribbean” in the
main Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.) 13) The “Québécois” and
“Acadian” are assumed to have ancestors from France. 14) The “Inuit” and “North
American Indian” are treated as indigenous in Canada. 15) We assumed that all the
“Tamil” are from India since the large majority of Tamils live in that country. 16) The
category “Latin/Central/South American” was ignored because of its small percentage
(0.1%) and lack of information about the relative shares of its component countries; its
share was added to the country with the largest population share (i.e. UK).
Estimate
Angola 0.20762%
Armenia 0.1%
Austria 0.3%
Belgium 0.2%
Benin 0.08934%
Cameroon 0.10761%
Canada 3.27%
China 3.59%
Congo 0.06319%
Congo DRC 0.04513%
Cote d'Ivoire 0.01866%
Croatia 0.36%
Czech Republic 0.2%
Denmark 0.3%
Egypt 0.12%
Equatorial Guinea 0.02227%
Finland 0.2%
France 18.15%
Gabon 0.11935%
Gambia 0.01393%
Germany 7.6%
Ghana 0.21593%
Greece 0.79%
Guinea 0.02091%
Guinea-Bissau 0.02089%
Hungary 0.79%
Iceland 0.1%
India 2.63%
Iran 0.3%
Ireland 4.41%
Italy 4.5%
Japan 0.2%
Lebanon 0.48%
Liberia 0.04354%
Lithuania 0.02%
Madagascar 0.00975%
Mozambique 0.01553%
Netherlands 2.53%
Nigeria 0.23896%
Norway 0.85%
Pakistan 0.29%
Philippines 1%
Poland 2.13%
Portugal 1.05%
Romania 0.38%
Russia 0.63%
Sao Tome and Principe 0.05566%
Senegal 0.03482%
Serbia and Montenegro 0.24%
Sierra Leone 0.04344%
Slovakia 0.1%
Somalia 0.1%
South Korea 0.30%
Spain 0.59%
Sri Lanka 0.2%
Sweden 0.56%
Switzerland 0.2%
Tanzania 0.00518%
Togo 0.03829%
Turkey 0.16%
UK 35.18%
Ukraine 2.97%
Vietnam 0.5%
*http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/ETO/Table1.cfm?Lang=E
&T=501&GV=1&GID=0
**Perspective Canada: A compendium of Social Statistics, Statistics Canada, Ottawa,
1974, p.265
CHILE
Amerindian tribes (3%) are indigenous to the country (CF, CQ, NE, WCD). Spaniards
(20%) began to arrive in Chile in the 16th century, and they largely mixed with indigenous
groups (LC, EV, WCD). The mixed, or mestizo population (70%) in Chile has a greater
Spanish element than in the other Andean mestizo populations, and we attributed 30% to
Amerindian groups, and 40% to Spain (LC, EV, WCD). In the 19th century, a small
number of immigrants from Germany, Italy, Britain, and France started to arrive in Chile
(LC, EV). Without further information, we attribute 1% to each of these four countries.
At the turn of the 19-20th centuries, some Palestinian Arabs (2%) fled to Chile (LC,
WCD). Jews (1%) arrived in Chile in several waves, and approximately 85% are
Ashkenazi, and 15% are Sephardic (LC, JVL). Jews were attributed to various European
countries (see Part II, 2 in the main Appendix.)
Estimate:
Chile: 33% (30% as ancestors of Mestizos, 3% as ancestors of Amerindian)
France: 1.085% (0.085% as ancestors of Jews)
Germany: 1.255% (0.0255% as ancestors of Jews)
Israel/Palestine: 2%
Italy: 1.136% (0.136% as ancestors of Jews)
Spain: 60.222% (40% as ancestors of Mestizos, 0.222% as ancestors of Jews)
UK: 1%
Jew (Total 1%)
France (0.085%)
Germany (0.255%)
Italy (0.136%)
Lithuania: 0.01275%
Poland 0.0255%
Portugal: 0.0555%
Romania: 0.05525%
Russia 0.02125%
Spain (0.222%)
Turkey: 0.1105%
Ukraine: 0.02125%
COLOMBIA
Amerindian groups (1%) are indigenous in this region, and they have been in Colombia
since long before 1500 (CF, LC, EB, NE). Spanish (20%) started to come in 1525 while
immigration from other countries has never been much encouraged in Colombia (CF, EB,
CQ, NE, WCE). The ancestors of the African population (4%) came during slave trade
after Spanish conquest (CF, LC, NE). The mixed white-Amerindian population, or
Mestizos (58%), is assumed to have roughly equal numbers of ancestors from Colombia
and Spain (CF, LC, EB, CQ, NE). The mixed black-white population, or Mulattos (14%)
is assumed to have roughly equal numbers of ancestors from Spain and African countries
(CF, CQ, NE), whose respective proportion was decided according to principles specified
in the main Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.) Zambos (3%) are people of
mixed African and Amerindian origins, and we attribute equal percentages to Amerindian
and African countries (CF, NE).
Estimate
Colombia: 31.5% (29% as ancestors of Mestizos, 1.5% as ancestors of Zambos)
Spain: 56% (29% as ancestors of Mestizos, 7% as ancestors of Mulattos)
Mixed Africa: (Total 12.5% (8.5% as ancestors of Mulattos and Zambos))
Angola: 3.4078100%
Benin: 0.616875%
Cameroon: 0.28275%
Congo: 1.039063%
Congo DRC: 0.742188%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.0585%
Gabon: 0.937188%
Gambia: 0.04175%
Ghana: 2.65%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.05925%
Guinea: 0.130813%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.062625%
Liberia: 0.13825%
Madagascar: 0.1192%
Mozambique: 0.189975%
Nigeria: 1.17375%
Sao Tome and Principe: 0.14625%
Senegal: 0.104375%
Sierra Leone: 0.271688%
Tanzania: 0.063325%
Togo: 0.264375%
COSTA RICA
Amerindians (1%) are indigenous in this region, and settled in Costa Rica long before
1500 (CF, EB, NE). The Spanish (78%) first arrived in Costa Rica in early 16th century,
and gradually intermarried with the indigenous groups to form the mixed Mestizo
population (17%), which is assumed to have equal percentage of Spanish and Amerindian
ancestors (WCE, CF, CQ, NE). African blacks (3%) were later brought in from Jamaica
to build railroads and raise bananas (CF, NE). Their ancestors came from African
countries, whose respective proportions were decided according to principles specified in
the main Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.) The country also has a
substantial Chinese population (1%) whose ancestors were brought in as laborers (CF, EB,
NE).
Estimate:
China: 1%
Costa Rica: 9.5% (8.5% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Spain: 86.5% (8.5% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Mixed Africa: (Total 3%)
Angola: 0.817875%
Benin: 0.14805%
Cameroon: 0.06786%
Congo: 0.249375%
Congo DRC: 0.178125%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.01422%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.01404%
Gabon: 0.224925%
Gambia: 0.01002%
Ghana: 0.636%
Guinea: 0.031395%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.01503%
Liberia: 0.03318%
Madagascar: 0.028608%
Mozambique: 0.045594%
Nigeria: 0.2817%
Sao Tome and Principe: 0.0351%
Senegal: 0.02505%
Sierra Leone: 0.065205%
Tanzania: 0.015198%
Togo: 0.06345%
CUBA
Cuba’s indigenous population have almost no living descendants due to high mortality in
the early colonial period (CQ). Cuba started to attract Spanish settlers (38%) in the early
16th century (EB, CF, NE). The ancestors of the country’s African population (11%)
arrived during slave trade (beginning about 1523), and in early 20th century (CF, EB, CQ,
NE). Mulattos (50%) are people of mixed white and African origin (CF, EB, NE), and
they are assumed to have equal number of ancestors from Spain and African countries,
whose respective proportion was decided according to principles specified in the main
Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.) Chinese (1%) came as indentured
labourers in the 19th and 20th centuries (CF, EB, NE).
Estimate
China: 1%
Spain: 63% (25% as ancestors of Mulattos)
Mixed Africa: (Total 36% (25% as ancestors of Mulattos))
Angola: 5.22675%
Benin: 2.2491%
Cameroon: 2.70918%
Congo: 1.59075%
Congo DRC: 1.13625%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.4698%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.56052%
Gabon: 3.00465%
Gambia: 0.35064%
Ghana: 5.436%
Guinea: 0.5265%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.52596%
Liberia: 1.0962%
Madagascar: 0.245376%
Mozambique: 0.391068%
Nigeria: 6.0156%
Sao Tome and Principe: 1.4013%
Senegal: 0.8766%
Sierra Leone: 1.0935%
Tanzania: 0.130356%
Togo: 0.9639%
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
The indigenous population of the island of Hispañola has almost no living descendants
due to high mortality in the early colonial period (LC, EB). The Spanish (16%) started to
settle in what is now the Dominican Republic about 1500 (CF, LC, EV, EB, NE, WCD),
and slave trade began in 1503, which brought in ancestors of the African population (12%)
(CF, LC, WCD, EV, NE). Mulattos (72%) are people of mixed white and African origin
(CF, LC, WCD, NE), and they are assumed to have equal number of ancestors from Spain
and African countries, whose respective proportion was decided according to principles
specified in the main Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.) There are small
contributions of people from other countries including France, Lebanon and Japan, but
none are numerous enough to justify inclusion in our estimate (WCD).
Estimate
Spain: 52% (36% as ancestors of Mulattos)
Mixed Africa: (Total 48% (36% as ancestors of Mulattos))
Angola: 6.969%
Benin: 2.9988%
Cameroon: 3.61224%
Congo: 2.121%
Congo DRC: 1.515%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.6264%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.74736%
Gabon: 4.0062%
Gambia: 0.46752%
Ghana: 7.248%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.70128%
Guinea: 0.702%
Liberia: 1.4616%
Madagascar: 0.327168%
Mozambique: 0.521424%
Nigeria: 8.0208%
Sao Tome and Principe: 1.8684%
Senegal: 1.1688%
Sierra Leone: 1.458%
Tanzania: 0.173808%
Togo: 1.2852%
ECUADOR
Amerindian groups (30%) settled in Ecuador long before 1500, and they are considered
indigenous in this region (CF, LC, NE, EV, WCD). The Spanish (10%) first landed in
Ecuador in 1526 (CF, LC, CQ, NE, EV, WCD), and ancestors of people of African
descent (4%) came during slave trade in the sixteenth century (CF, LC, NE, CQ, EV,
WCD). Their respective proportion among African countries was decided according to
principles specified in slave migration.xls. Mestizos (56%) are people of mixed white and
Amerindian origin, and they are assumed to have an equal number of ancestors from
Spain and Ecuador (CF, LC, NE, CQ, EV, WCD).
Estimate
Ecuador: 58% (28% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Spain: 38% (28% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Mixed Africa: (Total 4%)
Angola: 1.09181%
Benin: 0.19726%
Cameroon: 0.09048%
Congo: 0.33229%
Congo DRC: 0.23735%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.01896%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.01872%
Gabon: 0.29975%
Gambia: 0.01336%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.02004%
Ghana: 0.8476%
Guinea: 0.04186%
Liberia: 0.04424%
Madagascar: 0.038144%
Mozambique: 0.060792%
Nigeria: 0.3754%
Sao Tome and Principe: 0.0468%
Senegal: 0.0334%
Sierra Leone: 0.08694%
Tanzania: 0.020264%
Togo: 0.08454%
EL SALVADOR
Indigenous Amerindian groups (5%) settled in El Salvador long before 1500 (CQ, CF, LC,
WCE). Spanish settlers (5%) first arrived in 1524 (CF, LC, CQ, WCE). Mestizos (90%)
are people of mixed white and Amerindian origin, and they are assumed to have equal
number of ancestors from Spain and El Salvador (CF, LC, EB, WCE).
Estimate
El Salvador: 50% (45% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Spain: 50% (45% as ancestors of Mestizos)
GUATEMALA
The Mayans (40.3%), primarily the Mayan-Quiche, are the original inhabitants of
Guatemala. Ladinos (55%) are of mixed Mayan and European, predominantly Spanish,
descent (CE, EB). Whereas the sources indicate that the Ladinos also include ethnic
Mayans who have adopted the Spanish language and culture, CE states that the
Guatemalan population is divided roughly equally between natives and mixed native and
European. In order to account for some inclusion of native Mayans in the grouping of
Ladinos, Guatemala will be attributed as the country of origin for about 30% and Spain
for the other 25% of the Ladinos. The WCD lists a population called “West Indian Black”
(2%); this is presumably the black Carib (Garifuna) population referred to in sources (CE,
EC) who were deported to Central America in the 18th century from the island St. Vincent.
Since they are of mixed Caribbean and African descent (EB), half of the black Caribs are
attributed to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and the other half to source countries in
Africa in the same proportions as the black population in Caribbean countries (see Part II,
3 in the main Appendix.) There is also a “Guatemalan White” population (0.9%),
presumably a pure European population. It is assumed that this population is Spanish. It
is assumed that the remaining population is indigenous; these include Aztecs and Xincas.
Estimate:
Guatemala: 72.1%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 1% (as ancestors of Black Caribs)
Spain: 25.9%
Black Caribs: (Total 1%)
Angola 0.1451875%
Benin 0.062475%
Cameroon 0.075255%
Congo 0.0441875%
Congo DRC 0.0315625%
Cote d'Ivoire 0.01305%
Equatorial Guinea 0.01557%
Gabon 0.0834625%
Gambia 0.00974%
Ghana 0.151%
Guinea 0.014625%
Guinea-Bissau 0.01461%
Liberia 0.03045%
Madagascar 0.006816%
Mozambique 0.010863%
Nigeria 0.1671%
Sao Tome and Principe 0.038925%
Senegal 0.02435%
Sierra Leone 0.030375%
Tanzania 0.003621%
Togo 0.026775%
GUYANA
The indigenous Amerindian groups (5%) lived in Guyana long before 1500 (CF, LC, EB,
CQ, EV, WCD). The ancestors of Africans (35%) in Guyana came during slave trade in
the 17th and 18th centuries (CF, LC, EB, CQ, EV, WCD). Their respective proportion
among African countries was decided according to principles specified in the main
Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.) East Indians (50%) from the Indian
subcontinent arrived in the 19th century (CF, LC, EB, CQ, EV, WCD). They came from
areas stretching from North India to Bangladesh, and from areas in South India (HBL),
and we attribute 93% of them to India, 5% to Bangladesh, 2% to Pakistan. The
Portuguese (1.3%) and Chinese (0.7%) are the descendants of indentured laborers who
came in the 19th century (WCD, LC, CQ). There are few Europeans other than
Portuguese, and most are short-term inhabitants (EB). The mixed population (8%) was
assumed to have equal number of East Indian and African ancestors (CF, EV), and the
East Indian proportion is attributed to India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan in the same
proportions as above.
Estimate
China: 0.7%
Guyana: 5%
Portugal: 1.3%
Indian subcontinent: (Total 54% (4% as ancestors of the mixed population))
India: 50.22%
Bangladesh: 2.7%
Pakistan: 1.08%
Mixed Africa: (Total 39% (4% as ancestors of the mixed population))
Angola: 10.645148%
Benin: 1.923285%
Cameroon: 0.88218%
Congo: 3.2398275%
Congo DRC: 2.3141625%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.18486%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.18252%
Gabon: 2.9225625%
Gambia: 0.13026%
Ghana: 8.2641%
Guinea: 0.408135%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.19539%
Madagascar: 0.371904%
Mozambique: 0.592722%
Liberia: 0.43134%
Nigeria: 3.66015%
Sao Tome and Principe: 0.4563%
Senegal: 0.32565%
Sierra Leone: 0.847665%
Tanzania: 0.197574%
Togo: 0.824265%
HAITI
The indigenous population of the island of Hispañola has almost no living descendants
due to high mortality in the early colonial period (NE). European settlers arrived in Haiti
around 1500 (CQ). About 95% of Haiti's population are of African origin, their ancestors
having arrived as slaves after 1517 (CF, NE, WCE). The respective proportion of their
ancestors from individual African countries was decided according to principles specified
in the main Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.) There is also a mixed, or
Mulatto population (5%) (CF, CQ, WCE). Without additional information, we attributed
2.5% to African countries, 2.3% to France, and 0.2% to Spain since there was some
Spanish settlement before the French colonial period (CQ, NE).
Estimate
France: 2.3% (as ancestors of Mulattos)
Spain: 0.2% (as ancestors of Mulattos)
Mixed Africa: (Total 97.5% (2.5% as ancestors of Mulattos))
Angola: 14.155781%
Benin: 6.0913125%
Cameroon: 7.3373625%
Congo: 4.3082813%
Congo DRC: 3.0773438%
Cote d'Ivoire: 1.272375%
Equatorial Guinea: 1.518075%
Gabon: 8.1375938%
Gambia: 0.94965%
Ghana: 14.7225%
Guinea: 1.4259375%
Guinea-Bissau: 1.424475%
Liberia: 2.968875%
Madagascar: 0.66456%
Mozambique: 1.0591425%
Nigeria: 16.29225%
Sao Tome and Principe: 3.7951875%
Senegal: 2.374125%
Sierra Leone: 2.9615625%
Tanzania: 0.3530475%
Togo: 2.6105625%
HONDURAS
Amerindian groups (7%) lived in Honduras before 1500 (CF, LC). The Spanish (1%)
began to arrive in the 16th century (CF, LC, CQ). The ancestors of blacks (2%) in
Honduras were brought from African countries (CF, LC), whose respective proportions
were decided according to principles specified in the main Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the
main Appendix.) Mestizos (90%) are people of mixed Amerindian and Spanish origins,
and are equally attributed to Honduras and Spain (CF, LC).
Estimate
Honduras: 52% (45% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Spain: 46% (45% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Mixed Africa: (Total 2%)
Angola: 0.545905%
Benin: 0.09863%
Cameroon: 0.04524%
Congo: 0.166145%
Congo DRC: 0.118675%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.00948%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.00936%
Gabon: 0.149875%
Gambia: 0.00668%
Ghana: 0.4238%
Guinea: 0.02093%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.01002%
Liberia: 0.02212%
Madagascar: 0.019072%
Mozambique: 0.030396%
Nigeria: 0.1877%
Sao Tome and Principe: 0.0234%
Senegal: 0.0167%
Sierra Leone: 0.04347%
Tanzania: 0.010132%
Togo: 0.04227%
JAMAICA
The indigenous tribes in Jamaica had disappeared by the 17th century (EB). Spanish
settlers arrived in 1509 (CQ), and the English (0.5%) invaded in 1655 (EB, WCD). About
80% of all Jamaicans are considered to be of fully African descent, their ancestors having
been brought from Africa as slaves between the 17th and 19th centuries (LC, CQ, WCD).
The respective proportion coming from individual African countries was decided
according to principles specified in the main Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main
Appendix.) About 15% of Jamaicans are mulattos of Afro-European descent (LC, WCD).
Since the Spaniards themselves left the island or were expelled shortly after English
conquest, we attributed 7.5% out of the 15% mulattos to African countries (in the same
proportions as other Africans), 6% to Britain, and 1.5% to Spain. East Indians (1.3%)
from the Indian subcontinent arrived in the 19th century (CF, LC, EV, WCD). They came
from areas stretching from North India to Bangladesh, and from areas in South India
(HBL), and we attribute 93% of them to India, 5% to Bangladesh, 2% to Pakistan. The
Chinese (0.2%) are the descendants of indentured laborers who came in the 19th century
(CF, LC, EV, WCD). The country’s population also includes 2.4% of Afro-East Indian
descent, and 0.6% of Afro-Chinese descent (LC, WCD). Of these two mixed populations,
we attributed a total of 1.5% to African countries, 1.2% to Indian continent, and 0.3% to
China. The East Indian proportion is attributed to India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan in the
same proportions as above.
Estimate:
China: 0.5% (0.3% as ancestors of Afro-Chinese)
Spain: 1.5% (as ancestors of Mulattos)
UK: 6.5% (6% as ancestors of Mulattos)
Indian Subcontinent: (Total: 2.5% (1.2% as ancestors of Afro-East-Indians))
Bangladesh: 0.125%
India: 2.325%
Pakistan: 0.05%
Mixed Africa: 89% (7.5% as ancestors of Mulattos, 1.5% ancestors of Afro-Asian and
Afro-Chinese)
Angola: 12.921688%
Benin: 5.560275%
Cameroon: 6.697695%
Congo: 3.9326875%
Congo DRC: 2.8090625%
Cote d'Ivoire: 1.16145%
Equatorial Guinea: 1.38573%
Gabon: 7.4281625%
Gambia: 0.86686%
Ghana: 13.439%
Guinea: 1.301625%
Guinea-Bissau: 1.30029%
Liberia: 2.71005%
Madagascar: 0.606624%
Mozambique: 0.966807%
Nigeria: 14.8719%
Sao Tome and Principe: 3.464325%
Senegal: 2.16715%
Sierra Leone: 2.703375%
Tanzania: 0.322269%
Togo: 2.382975%
MEXICO
Amerindians (29.5%) are indigenous in Mexico (CF, CQ). The Spanish (9%) arrived in
16th century (CF, CQ). A small number of African blacks (0.7%) were brought to the
region between the 16th and 17th centuries, and some of them intermarried with
Amerindians and mestizos (CQ, WCD). The respective proportion of each African
country was decided according to principles specified in the main Appendix (see Part II, 3
in the main Appendix.) Sources consider about 60% of the population to be mestizos of
mixed Spanish and Amerindian descent (CF, CQ). Because the Amerindian contribution
to the mestizo group has been relatively large in Mexico (EB), which had a relatively
large pre-Columbian population, we attributed 40% to Mexico and 20% to Spain. There
were also Arab immigrations from Syria (0.4%) and Lebanon (0.4%) to Mexico in the
19th and 20th Centuries (ASQ, WCD)
Estimate:
Lebanon: 0.4%
Mexico: 69.5% (40% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Spain: 29% (20% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Syria: 0.4%
Mixed Africa: (Total 0.7%)
Angola: 0.191067%
Benin: 0.034521%
Cameroon: 0.015834%
Congo: 0.058151%
Congo DRC: 0.041536%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.003318%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.003276%
Gabon: 0.052456%
Gambia: 0.002338%
Ghana: 0.14833%
Guinea: 0.007326%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.003507%
Liberia: 0.007742%
Madagascar: 0.006675%
Mozambique: 0.010639%
Nigeria: 0.065695%
Sao Tome and Principe: 0.00819%
Senegal: 0.005845%
Sierra Leone: 0.015215%
Tanzania: 0.003546%
Togo: 0.014795%
NICARAGUA
The Amerindian tribes (5%) lived in this region before 1500 (CF, LC, EB, CQ). The
Spanish (14%) began to arrive in the 16th century, followed by British settlers (2%) (CQ,
CE). African blacks (9%) were brought to Nicaragua as slaves (CF, EB, CQ, WCD, LC).
The respective proportion of each African country was decided according to principles
specified in the main Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.) There is a large
mestizo population (70%), which was assumed to have equal percentage of Amerindian
and Spanish ancestors (CF, LC, CQ, WCD).
Estimate:
Nicaragua: 40% (35% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Spain: 49% (35% as ancestors of Mestizos)
UK: 2%
Mixed Africa: (Total 9%)
Angola: 2.456573%
Benin: 0.443835%
Cameroon: 0.20358%
Congo: 0.747653%
Congo DRC: 0.534038%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.04266%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.04212%
Gabon: 0.674438%
Gambia: 0.03006%
Ghana: 1.9071%
Guinea: 0.094185%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.04509%
Liberia: 0.09954%
Madagascar: 0.085824%
Mozambique: 0.136782%
Nigeria: 0.84465%
Sao Tome and Principe: 0.1053%
Senegal: 0.07515%
Sierra Leone: 0.195615%
Tanzania: 0.045594%
Togo: 0.190215%
PANAMA
Amerindians (6%) lived in Panama long before 1500 (CF, CQ, WCD). The Spanish (5%)
first came to Panama in the 16th century (EB). A smaller percentage of Spaniards also
arrived in the 19th century, along with other groups including North Americans (4%),
French (1%), Chinese (1.5%), and East Indians (4%) (EB, WCD, CF). There is a large
Mestizo population (74.4%), which was assumed to have equal percentages of
Amerindian and Spanish ancestors. The East Indians came from areas stretching from
North India to Bangladesh, and from areas in South India (HBL), and we attribute 93% of
them to India, 5% to Bangladesh, 2% to Pakistan. The North Americans (primarily from
the United States) were attributed to a number of European countries of origin according
to proportions used for dividing the “White” group within the U.S. population. About 8%
of the population was of complete African descent, their ancestors having been brought
from Africa as slaves during colonial times (LC, WCD, CQ). The respective proportion of
each African country was decided according to proportions specified in the main
Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.) Italians (0.5%) arrived during the
construction of the canal (EB, WCD). There is also a small percentage of Arabs from
Israel/Palestine (0.2%), Lebanon (0.2%), and Syria (0.2%) (WCD).
Estimate:
China: 1.5%
France: 1.3% (0.3% as ancestors of U.S. Whites)
Israel/Palestine: 0.2%
Italy: 0.9% (0.4% as ancestors of U.S. Whites)
Lebanon: 0.2%
Panama: 35.7% (29.7% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Spain: 39.7% (34.7% as ancestors of Mestizos and Mulattos)
Syria: 0.2%
Indian Subcontinent: (Total 4%)
Bangladesh: 0.2%
India: 3.72%
Pakistan: 0.08%
Mixed Africa: 13% (5% as ancestors of Mulattos)
Angola: 3.548383%
Benin: 0.641095%
Cameroon: 0.29406%
Congo: 1.079943%
Congo DRC: 0.771388%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.06162%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.06084%
Gabon: 0.974188%
Gambia: 0.04342%
Ghana: 2.7547%
Guinea: 0.136045%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.06513%
Liberia: 0.14378%
Madagascar: 0.123968%
Mozambique: 0.197574%
Nigeria: 1.22005%
Sao Tome and Principe: 0.1521%
Senegal: 0.10855%
Sierra Leone: 0.282555%
Tanzania: 0.065858%
Togo: 0.274755%
U.S. Whites: (Total 4%)
France: (0.3%)
Germany: 1.2%
Holland: 0.1%
Ireland: 0.8%
Italy: (0.4%)
Poland: 0.2%
UK: 1%
PARAGUAY
Amerindian groups (2%) are indigenous in this region (NE, EV, WCD). Mestizos (88%)
are people of mixed European (mostly Spanish) and Amerindian ancestry, and they were
assumed to have roughly equal numbers of ancestors from Paraguay and Spain (CF, NE,
EV, WCD). The Spanish (3%) arrived in Paraguay in 16th century (NE, WCD). Other
European groups, including people of Italian (0.6%) and German (4.4%) descent came in
the 19th century (NE, WCD), and a very small number of Japanese, Chinese, and Koreans
also arrived in the 20th century (NE, WCD). During the 1970s, about 300,000 Brazilian
settlers crossed the border into Paraguay (LC, EB, EV), including Brazilian Portuguese
(0.1%) and Mesticos (0.6%) (WCD). Brazilian Mesticos were assumed to have roughly
equal numbers of ancestors from Brazil and Portugal. A small percentage of African
blacks (1%) and Ukrainian refugees (0.6%) existed in Paraguay (WCD). African blacks
were assigned to African countries according to principles specified in the main Appendix
(see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.)
Estimate:
Brazil: 0.3% (as ancestors of Brazilian Mesticos)
Germany: 4.4%
Italy: 0.6%
Paraguay: 45.7% (43.7% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Portugal: 0.4% (0.3% as ancestors of Brazilian Mesticos)
Spain: 47% (43.7% as ancestors of Mestizos, 3.3% to pure)
Ukraine: 0.6%
Mixed Africa: (Total 1%)
Angola: 0.2729525%
Benin: 0.049315%
Cameroon: 0.02262%
Congo: 0.0830725%
Congo DRC: 0.0593375%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.00474%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.00468%
Gabon: 0.0749375%
Gambia: 0.00334%
Ghana: 0.2119%
Guinea: 0.010465%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.00501%
Liberia: 0.01106%
Madagascar: 0.009536%
Mozambique: 0.015198%
Nigeria: 0.09385%
Sao Tome and Principe: 0.0117%
Senegal: 0.00835%
Sierra Leone: 0.021735%
Tanzania: 0.005066%
Togo: 0.021135%
PERU
Amerindian groups (45%) are indigenous in Peru, and they lived in this region long
before 1500 (CF, NE, EV, CQ). Spanish settlers (15%) arrived in Peru in the 16th century
(CF, NE, CQ). Mestizos (37%) are people of mixed European (mostly Spanish) and
Amerindian ancestry, and they were assumed to have roughly equal numbers of ancestors
from Peru and Spain (CF, NE, CQ). During the 19th century, Japanese (1%) and Chinese
(1%) immigrants started to come to Peru (CF, NE, EV, CQ, WCD). There also exist a
small percentage of African blacks (1%) (CF, NE, EV, CQ, WCD), whose ancestors we
attribute to individual countries according to the principles stated in the main Appendix
(see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.)
Estimate
China: 1%
Japan: 1%
Peru: 63.5% (18.5% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Spain: 33.5% (18.5% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Mixed Africa: (Total 1%)
Angola: 0.2729525%
Benin: 0.049315%
Cameroon: 0.02262%
Congo: 0.0830725%
Congo DRC: 0.0593375%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.00474%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.00468%
Gabon: 0.0749375%
Gambia: 0.00334%
Ghana: 0.2119%
Guinea: 0.010465%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.00501%
Liberia: 0.01106%
Madagascar: 0.009536%
Mozambique: 0.015198%
Nigeria: 0.09385%
Sao Tome and Principe: 0.0117%
Senegal: 0.00835%
Sierra Leone: 0.021735%
Tanzania: 0.005066%
Togo: 0.021135%
PUERTO RICO
Before the arrival of the Spanish in 1493, an indigenous people called the Arawaks
inhabited the island; however, they soon died out from disease and massacres (CE). The
largest segment of the population today is people of primarily Spanish ancestry (CQ,
WCE). African slaves were imported beginning in the early 16th century (CE). The
ancestors of the current black population (11%) were attributed to countries of origin
according to our estimates for slaves imported to the Caribbean (see Part II, 3 in the main
Appendix.) Mulattoes (10%) are of mixed African and European descent (CQ). We
assume that on average each has an equal number of Spanish and of African ancestors.
2.2% of Puerto Rico’s residents are identified as “whites” from the U.S. mainland. We
attribute them proportionately among the ten European countries that account for the
largest numbers of European ancestors of present-day Americans.
Estimate:
Spain: 81.8%
African Mix: (Total 16%)
Angola: 2.329%
Benin: 0.997%
Cameroon: 1.212%
Congo: 0.706%
Congo DRC: 0.504%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.208%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.249%
Gabon: 1.343%
Gambia: 0.155%
Ghana: 2.417%
Guinea: 0.233%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.233%
Liberia: 0.485%
Madagascar: 0.109%
Mozambique: 0.174%
Nigeria: 2.667%
Sao Tome and Principe: 0.622%
Senegal: 0.388%
Sierra Leone: 0.484%
Tanzania: 0.058%
Togo: 0.427%
USA White: (Total 2.2%)
France: 0.026%
Germany: 0.6214%
Ireland: 0.4382%
Italy: 0.2282%
Netherlands: 0.0652%
Norway: 0.0681%
Poland: 0.1297%
Russia: 0.0363%
Sweden: 0.0597%
UK: 0.5272%
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
The indigenous tribes in Trinidad and Tobago disappeared soon after Spanish conquest
(CQ). Spanish (0.5%) settlers arrived in Trinidad and Tobago in the 16th century (CQ,
WCD), followed by French (0.3%), Dutch, and English (0.3%) settlers (CQ, WCD).
About 40% of the population is of African descent, their ancestors having been brought
from Africa as slaves after the disappearance of indigenous tribes (CF, LC, CQ, NE, EV,
WCE). The respective proportion of each African country was decided according to
principles specified in the main Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.) East
Indians (39.4%) from the Indian subcontinent arrived in the 19th century (CF, LC, CQ,
NE, EV, WCE). They came from areas stretching from North India to Bangladesh, and
from areas in South India (HBL), and we attribute 93% of them to India, 5% to
Bangladesh, 2% to Pakistan. About 18% are mulattos of mixed descent (CF, CQ, NE, EV,
WCE). Lacking information, we attributed 6% of mulattos to Africa, 6% to India, and 2%
to each of Britain, France, and Spain. The Chinese (1.5%) are the descendants of laborers
who arrived after slavery was abolished (LC, WCD, NE).
Estimate:
China: 1.5%
France: 2.3% (2% as ancestors of mixed population)
Spain: 2.3% (2% as ancestors of mixed population)
UK: 2.5% (2% as ancestors of mixed population)
Indian subcontinent: (Total 45.4% (6% as ancestors of mixed population))
Bangladesh: 2.27%
India: 42.222%
Pakistan: 0.908%
Mixed Africa: (Total 46% (6% as ancestors of mixed population))
Angola: 6.678625%
Benin: 2.87385%
Cameroon: 3.46173%
Congo: 2.032625%
Congo DRC: 1.451875%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.6003%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.71622%
Gabon: 3.839275%
Gambia: 0.44804%
Ghana: 6.946%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.67206%
Guinea: 0.67275%
Liberia: 1.4007%
Madagascar: 0.313536%
Mozambique: 0.499698%
Nigeria: 7.6866%
Sao Tome and Principe: 1.79055%
Senegal: 1.1201%
Sierra Leone: 1.39725%
Tanzania: 0.166566%
Togo: 1.23165%
URUGUAY
Uruguay had a relatively small pre-Colombian population, and purely indigenous tribes
disappeared early in the colonial era (NE, EB CQ). The people of Uruguay are
predominantly of European origin (about 90%), mostly descendents of Spanish (44%) and
Italian (36%) immigrants in the 19th and 20th centuries, with a small percentage from
France (2%), Britain (2%), and Germany (2%) (CF, LC, EB, NE, EV, WCD). Immigrants
also came in from Russia (0.5%) and Greece (0.5%) after World War II (CQ, WCD).
About 4% of the population is of African descent (CF, NE, EV), and the respective
proportion of each African country was decided according to principles specified in the
main Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.) Some 8% of the population are
mestizos, people of mixed European (mostly Spanish) and indigenous ancestry, and they
were assumed to have roughly equal numbers of ancestors from Uruguay and Spain (CF,
EB, CQ, NE, EV). The majority of Uruguay’s Jews (1%) arrived during the 1930s (JVL,
NYT, WCD), and approximately 85% are Ashkenazi, and 15% are Sephardic (JVL). Jews
were attributed to various European countries (see Part II, 2 in the main Appendix.)
Estimate
Germany: 2.255% (0.255% as ancestors of Jews)
Greece: 0.5%
France: 2.085% (0.085% as ancestors of Jews)
Italy: 36.136% (0.136% as ancestors of Jews)
Russia: 0.52125% (0.02125% as ancestors of Jews)
Spain: 48.222% (4% as ancestors of mestizos, 0.222% as ancestors of Jews)
Uruguay: 4% (as ancestors of Mestizos)
UK: 2%
Jew (Total 1%)
France (0.085%)
Germany (0.0255%)
Italy (0.136%)
Lithuania: 0.01275%
Poland (0.0255%)
Portugal: 0.0555%
Romania: 0.05525%
Russia (0.02125%)
Spain (0.222%)
Turkey: 0.1105%
Ukraine: 0.02125%
Mixed Africa: (Total 4%)
Angola: 1.09181
Benin: 0.19726
Cameroon: 0.09048
Congo: 0.33229
Congo DRC: 0.23735
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.01896
Equatorial Guinea: 0.01872
Gabon: 0.29975
Gambia: 0.01336
Ghana: 0.8476
Guinea-Bissau: 0.02004
Guinea: 0.04186
Liberia: 0.04424
Madagascar: 0.038144
Mozambique: 0.060792
Nigeria: 0.3754
Sao Tome and Principe: 0.0468
Senegal: 0.0334
Sierra Leone: 0.08694
Tanzania: 0.020264
Togo: 0.08454
USA
The U.S. estimate is based on U.S. Census Bureau, Ancestry: 2000, issued June 2004*. A
few assumptions were made to obtain the following estimation (see USA breakdown
notes.xls in the additional Appendix.) 1) we excluded listed ancestries with less than 0.1%
of the U.S. population (although smaller fractions may result from allocating listed groups
to countries). 2) Since the census allowed people to claim multiple ancestries but since
the publication above did not specify how many people listed each ancestry only versus
together with other ancestries, the sum of the percentage shares in that source is more
than 100%. Therefore, we divided the percentage share associated with each country
following the steps above by the sum of shares to calculate shares that add to 100. 3) all
unclassified populations including the 7.3% classified as “American” or “United States”
were added together and divided among the various origins in the same proportions as
found among those who are classified to specific countries. 4) The category
“Yugoslavian” was allocated to two of the component countries with a significant
population in the USA (Croatia, and Slovenia) in proportion to their shares in 2000 U.S.
population. The method used in 4) was also applied to 5) “Arab” (attributed to Egypt,
Syria and Lebanon), 6) “Czechoslovakian” (attributed to Czech Republic and Slovak
Republic), 7) “Scandinavian” (attributed to Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Norway), 8)
“Hispanic” and “Latin American” (attributed to a number of Latin American countries),
and 9) “Asian” (attributed to China, Philippines, India, South Korea, Japan, Vietnam,
Taiwan, Pakistan, Thailand, and Laos.) 10) The “Irish” was assigned to the UK and
Ireland in proportion to their current Irish populations (treating Northern Ireland as part of
UK). 11) People from the Americas, including Canada, were traced back to other
countries of origin (including African countries as the origin of African slaves) according
to estimations made for populations in these American countries. 12) People classified as
“African American” and “African” were attributed to specific African countries according
to principles specified for the “U.S.A.” sub-category in the main Appendix (see Part II, 3
in the main Appendix.) 13) The category “West Indian” were assigned to African
countries according to principles specified for “the Caribbean” sub-category in the main
Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main Appendix.) 14) People classified as “White”,
“European” were added together and assigned to specific European countries in the same
proportions as those countries are represented relative to one another (including those
shares received from the breakdown of categories such as “Canadian”,
“Czechoslovakian”, “Irish”, and “Scandinavian”). 15) “American Indian” and
“Hawaiian” were assumed to be indigenous. Note that these estimates are understood to
include long-term Puerto Rican residents of the continental United States but not Puerto
Ricans living permanently in Puerto Rico, which has its own entry in the migration matrix.
Estimate:
Angola 1.73371%
Armenia 0.100%
Austria 0.310%
Belgium 0.100%
Benin 0.18274%
Brazil 0.100%
Cambodia 0.100%
Cameroon 0.63157%
Canada 0.010%
China 0.931%
Colombia 0.070%
Congo 0.52766%
Congo, D.R. 0.37690%
Cote d'Ivoire 0.22626%
Croatia 0.150%
Czech Republic 0.550%
Denmark 0.550%
Ecuador 0.070%
Egypt 0.125%
El Salvador 0.165%
Equatorial Guinea 0.13067%
Finland 0.210%
France 4.300%
Gabon 0.81246%
Gambia 0.43829%
Germany 17.230%
Ghana 1.39975%
Greece 0.410%
Guatemala 0.160%
Guinea 0.34692%
Guinea-Bissau 0.65744%
Honduras 0.060%
Hungary 0.520%
India 0.623%
Iran 0.100%
Ireland 8.470%
Italy 6.330%
Japan 0.411%
Laos 0.103%
Lebanon 0.250%
Liberia 0.52794%
Lithuania 0.200%
Madagascar 0.04865%
Mexico 5.540%
Mozambique 0.07754%
Netherlands 1.760%
Nicaragua 0.040%
Nigeria 1.01440%
Norway 1.840%
Pakistan 0.103%
Peru 0.070%
Philippines 0.921%
Poland 3.520%
Portugal 0.410%
Romania 0.100%
Russia 1.040%
Sao Tome and Principe 0.32667%
Senegal 1.09573%
Sierra Leone 0.72054%
Slovakia 0.380%
Slovenia 0.150%
South Korea 0.411%
Spain 5.255%
Sweden 1.630%
Switzerland 0.310%
Syrian Arab Republic 0.125%
Taiwan 0.103%
Tanzania 0.02585%
Thailand 0.103%
Togo 0.07831%
UK 18.280%
Ukraine 0.310%
USA 3.100%
Vietnam 0.411%
*Angela Brittingham and G. Patricia de la Cruz, “Ancestry: 2000 (Census 2000 Brief),”
U.S. Census Bureau, June 2004.
VENEZUELA
Amerindian tribes (2%) are indigenous to the country (LC, CQ, NE, EV). Spaniards
(18.2%) started to settle in Venezuela in the 16th century (CQ), and they largely mixed
with indigenous groups (LC). The mixed, or mestizo (68%) population in Venezuela are
assumed to have roughly equal numbers of ancestors from Venezuela and Spain (LC, EB,
CQ, NE, EV, WCD). About 10% of the population was of African descent (LC, EB, CQ,
NE, EV, WCD), and the respective proportion of each African country was decided
according to principles specified in the main Appendix (see Part II, 3 in the main
Appendix.) After 1948, immigration started to be encouraged mainly from Spain, and
Italy (1.3%) (EB, NE, WCD). There are also a small percentage of Arab people in
Venezuela (0.5%). Lacking further information, we attributed 0.2% to Lebanon, 0.2% to
Syria, and 0.1% to Israel/Palestine. Colombian whites (0.7%) immigrated illegally into
Venezuela, and most are also of Spanish descent.
Estimate:
Italy: 1.3%
Spain: 52.2% (34% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Venezuela: 36% (34% as ancestors of Mestizos)
Arab: (Total 0.5%)
Lebanon: 0.2%
Palestine/Israel: 0.1%
Syria: 0.2%
Mixed Africa: (Total 10%)
Angola: 2.729525%
Benin: 0.49315%
Cameroon: 0.2262%
Congo: 0.830725%
Congo DRC: 0.593375%
Cote d'Ivoire: 0.0474%
Equatorial Guinea: 0.0468%
Gabon: 0.749375%
Gambia: 0.0334%
Ghana: 2.119%
Guinea-Bissau: 0.0501%
Guinea: 0.10465%
Liberia: 0.1106%
Madagascar: 0.09536%
Mozambique: 0.15198%
Nigeria: 0.9385%
Sao Tome and Principe: 0.117%
Senegal: 0.0835%
Sierra Leone: 0.21735%
Tanzania: 0.05066%
Togo: 0.21135%