DEFINITE ARTICLES
There is only one definite article in English. It is ________________.
There are 4 definite articles in Spanish.
_________ and __________ are singular, so you use them when you
are talking about one thing.
_________ and __________ are plural, so you use them when you are
talking about 2 or more things.
So el, la, los, and las just mean “the” in English. You just have to use the
correct one.
___________ and __________ are masculine
___________ and __________ are feminine.
Write in Spanish:
the boy
the girl
the boys
the girls
INDEFINITE ARTICLES
There are ____________ indefinite articles in English. We use ________ in front of a
consonant and _________ in front of a vowel sound.
There are 4 indefinite articles in Spanish.
_________ and __________ are singular, so you use them when you
are talking about one thing. They mean ______, _______or ________
in English. _________ is masculine and _________ is feminine.
_________ and __________ are plural, so you use them when you are
talking about 2 or more things. They translate to ____________
or ____________. __________ is masculine and _________ is feminine.
Write in Spanish:
a boy
a girl
some boys
some girls
Question from a Mastery Test:
Why is “the” called a definite article, but a/an are indefinite articles?
ADJECTIVES
In English, adjectives usually come before the nouns they modify.
In Spanish, most adjectives come after the nouns they modify.
A smart boy = un chico inteligente
A nice teacher = una profesora simpática
An easy class = una clase fácil
In Spanish, all adjectives have _________ or _________ forms.
Adjectives that end in O have _________ forms:
BONITO
Singular masculine:
singular feminine:
Plural masculine:
plural feminine:
Adjectives that end in E and L have _________ forms.
INTERESANTE
Singular masculine:
singular feminine:
Plural masculine:
Singular masculine:
plural feminine:
FÁCIL
Plural masculine:
singular feminine:
plural feminine:
DEPORTISTA is both masculine and feminine. The plural form is
______________________.
TRABAJADOR has 4 forms: trabajador, _______________________,
______________________, and _____________________.
To say that something is NOT a certain way in Spanish, put “no” in front of the
verb.
INCORRECT: Ella es no simpática.
CORRECT: Ella no es simpática.
INCORRECT: Yo soy no perezosa.
CORRECT: Yo no soy perezosa.
INCORRECT: Tú tienes no papel.
CORRECT: Tú no tienes papel.
THE VERB SER (“TO BE”)
yo
nosotros
nosotras
tú
él
ella
Ud.
ellos
ellas
Uds.
Use SER and its forms to give physical descriptions and talk about personality.
¿Cómo es él? = _________________________
¿Cómo eres tú? = _________________________
Yo soy inteligente = _______________________
Ellos son altos = __________________________
¿Cómo eres? and ¿Cómo estás? do not mean the same thing.
___________________ asks what you are like as a person.
___________________ asks how you are feeling.
yo
SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND “AR” VERB ENDINGS
nosotros
nosotras
tú
él
ella
Ud.
Tengo = __________________
Tienes = __________________
Tiene = __________________
ellos
ellas
Uds.
Necesito = __________________
Necesitas = __________________
Necesita = ___________________
OLD STUFF: REVIEW FOR MASTERY TEST #1
REMEMBER, EVERY MASTERY TEST HAS 10 NEW QUESTIONS AND 5 REVIEW QUESTIONS
THESE ARE ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
Cognate: A word that looks/sounds like and means the same as its Spanish/English
counterpart.
(Short definition: a word in one language that looks like what it means in another)
Hora = hour
escuela = school
computadora = computer
Infinitive: The most basic form of a verb
Letter Sounds:
•
_____ and _____
•
_____ and _____
•
_____
Letter that is silent
•
_____
Letter that sounds like “ny” in the word “canyon”
•
_____
Letter that sounds like “y” in the word “yellow”
•
_____
Letter that sounds like “h” in the word “hot”
•
_____
Letter that sounds like “s” in the word “snake” (“sss”
sound, not “zzz”)
Two letters that can change sounds, hard or soft,
depending on the vowel that follows it
Two letters that sound exactly the same
Accents serve two purposes:
1. To stress a syllable (música, ubicación, fácil, Ramírez, etc.)
2. To clarify meaning when two words are pronounced the same
sí = yes ; si = if
mi = my ; mí = “a mí,” “para mí,” etc. (usually means “me” in English)
tú = you ; tu = your
Gender of nouns:
Spanish nouns have one of two genders: masculine or feminine.
English nouns do not have gender.
Most European and Middle Eastern languages have 2 or 3 genders for their
nouns.
Spanish nouns that end in “o” are usually masculine.
Spanish nouns that end in “a” are usually feminine.
If a nouns does not end in “o” or “a,” look at the word in front of it to know its
gender (el lápiz; la estación; un pupitre; una amistad)
Rule-breakers: Words that we think should be masculine or feminine, based
on their ending, but are actually the opposite (el día, la mano, el mapa, el
tema)