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Per.______ Robert W. Strayer Ways of the World: A Brief Global History Ways of the World: A Brief Global History with Sources Chapter 3, ​First Civilizations: Cities, States, and Unequal Societies, ​3500 B.C.E.­500 B.C.E.​,​ Study Guide (Original: pp. 55­84; With Sources: pp. 85­114) 1. How were the new civilizations different from the earlier agricultural villages, pastoral societies, and chiefdoms? Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations 2. Where and when did the first civilizations emerge? 3. What was unique about each of the initial six civilizations? ● Sumer— ● Egypt— ● Norte Chico— ● Indus Valley— ● China— ● Olmecs­­ 4. What explanations are given for the rise of civilizations? 5. How does Robert Carneiro approach the question of the rise of civilizations? 6. What was the role of cities in the early civilizations? The Erosion of Equality 7. In what ways was social inequality expressed in early civilizations? 8. In the rival Mesopotamian cities, what was the role of female and male slaves? 9. Describe slavery in all of the First Civilizations. 10. Compare the practice of slavery in ancient times from region to region. 11. In what ways have historians tried to explain the origins of patriarchy? 12. How did Mesopotamia and Egyptian patriarchy differ from each other? ● Mesopotamia: ●
Egypt: The Rise of the State 13. What were the sources of state authority in the First Civilizations? 14. Compare and Contrast Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations. Mesopotamia Political: Environment: Culture: Political Environment: Culture: Egypt 15. In what ways were Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations shaped by their interactions with near and distant neighbors? Reflections: “Civilization”: What’s in a Word? 16. What are the reservations some scholars have with the term “civilization?” Explain the significance of each of the following: Quipu— Oracle bones— Mandate of Heaven— Harappa/Mohenjo Daro— Code of Hammurabi— Cuneiform— Hierglyphs— Epic of Gilgamesh— Osiris— Hebrews— Phoenicians— Nubia— Hittites— Hyksos— Fill out the following chart for 2 of the 7 First Civilization you learned about: Civilization Generic Cause Specific Ways This Civilization Emerged Location Role of Cities Role of Social Inequalities Development of Legal Codes Specific Results/Impact of Each Generic Cause and the Way This Civilization Emerged Emergence of Patriarchy Emergence of Writing Civilization Generic Cause Specific Ways This Civilization Emerged Location Specific Results/Impact of Each Generic Cause and the Way This Civilization Emerged Role of Cities Role of Social Inequalities Development of Legal Codes Emergence of Patriarchy Emergence of Writing