8 Allotropes of Carbon
DIAMONDs
are forever!
¾Each
h bl
black
k ball
b ll is
i a carbon
b atom
¾It tends to form a cubic lattice
¾It’s
It’ th
the h
hardest
d tk
known natural
t
l
mineral
¾It has a high dispersion of light
¾80% of mined diamonds are for
industrial use as they are not of
jewelry quality.
¾What do they use them for in
industry?
Carbon doesn’t always
y form into the
shape of a cubic lattice.
• In Fact,
Fact there are 8 different allotropes
of carbon.
Graphite
•
•
•
•
•
In Greek: “to draw/write”
/
A conductor
The most stable
Is used in pencils
Carbon
forms in
Hexagonal
planes
Lonsdaleite
• Identified in 1967 in
a meteorite found in
an Arizonan crater
• Believed
e e ed to be
originally graphite
• due to the heat and
pressure upon
impact, it turned to
diamond but kept the
crystal structure of
graphite
FULLERENES
• Discovered 1985 by
•
•
•
•
•
a team of scientists
from the US and
England
Shape of a hollow
sphere
Referred
f
to as “buckyballs”
Also known as C60. Why?
Use nano-technology
nano technology to combine
the atoms in this way
Hopeful
p
for use in tackling
g
melanoma and other tough
cancers
C540 allotrope
• Like all
fullerenes, C540
is a hollow
spherical shape
g
created using
nanotechnology.
• How manyy
atoms of carbon
are in it?
C70
•A
Another
th
Nanotech
creation
ti
• What do
all
Fullerenes
have in
common?
Amorphous Carbon (Coal & soot)
• Does not have any
visible crystal structure
or atomic arrangement
of carbon atoms
• Is found containing
crystallites of graphite
and
d diamond
di
d (so
( small,
ll
it’s often nano size)
• Coal has different
grades ranging from
55% - 90% pure
carbon
b
CARBON
NANOTUBES
Stronger than
diamonds
Conduct heat well
Can be made as
either a conductor
or semiconductor
CNT’s ((Carbon NanoTubes)) are now
used for or being researched for……
• Clothes – waterproof, tear resistant cloth fibers
• Military Combat Jackets – the ultra strong CNT fibers will
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
monitor the condition of the soldier
Concrete – increases tensile strength and eliminates cracks
Polyethylene plastics
Sports equipment – lighter & stronger equipment as seen
previously
S
Space
El
Elevator
t – possibly!
ibl ! It’s
It’ iin the
th planning
l
i stages
t
Artificial muscles
Paper
LCD screens
Nano wires
Computer circuits
Air and water filters
Phase Diagram
g
for Carbon
Carbon on the Periodic Table
REFERENCES
• http://webmineral.com/specimens/picshow.p
hp?id=2926
p
((lonsdaleite image)
g )
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featur
ed_picture_candidates/Six_Allotropes_of_Car
bon
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Eight_Allo
tropes_of_Carbon.png
• http://www.answers.com/topic/fullerene
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotub
e
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyaniline
Assignment
• Divide into 8 groups as listed on the lab
tables
• You will be then assigned an allotrope of
carbon to make with the kinex or
marshmallows (ck funding)
• You will be given the appropriate number of
pieces to make your allotrope
• Present your allotrope with some information
on a poster board about it which you’ve
researched on the internet!