Bridge Scour Remediation
using Jet Grouting
2011 Transportation Short Course
Structures and Hydraulics II
October 12, 2011
Sean Yoon
TxDOT Bridge Division
Outline
• Burr’s Ferry Bridge (SH 63) Scour at
Sabine River
• Jet Grouting Background
• Field Installation of Jet Grouting Column
Burr’s Ferry Bridge
at Sabine River
Burr’s Ferry Bridge
at Sabine River
Texas
<Burr’s Ferry Bridge built in 1937>
Louisiana
Toledo Bend Dam
at Sabine River
<Toledo Bend Dam built in 1969>
Peak Stream flow at the Bridge
Dam built
50000 ft3/s
120000 ft3/s
Burr’s Ferry Bridge
at Sabine River
Migration of Sabine River
1990
2004
Migration of Sabine River
<2005>
<1999>
Bridge Scour
Pier3
Bridge Scour
Pier3
Ele. 64 ft (2010)
Ele. 61 ft (1936)
Ele. 75 ft (1936)
< Cross-Section at downstream >
Ele. 61 ft (1936)
Bridge Scour
Scour
End of History Lecture,
Let’s Talk about Geotech!
Methods for Soil Improvement
Ground Reinforcement
•
•
•
•
Stone Columns
Soil Nails
Deep Soil Nailing
Micropiles
• Jet Grouting
•
•
•
•
•
Ground Anchors
Geosynthetics
Fiber Reinforcement
Lime Columns
Vibro-Concrete
Column
• Mechanically
Stabilized Earth
Ground Improvement
• Deep Dynamic
Compaction
• Drainage/Surcharge
• Electro-osmosis
• Compaction Grouting
• Blasting
• Surface Compaction
Ground Treatment
• Soil Cement
• Lime Admixtures
• Flyash
• Dewatering
• Heating/Freezing
Jet Grouting
• In-situ mixing of soils with a stabilizer
(cement grout) to form columns of
soilcrete or soilcement.
• Application: Structural underpinning,
Excavation Support, Soil Stabilization,
Seepage Barrier/Cutoff walls
Jet Grouting Injection Methods
System
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Simple system and
equipment
• Good to seal vertical joint
• Good in cohesionless soil
• Smallest geometry achieved
• Hardest to control heave
• Difficult to control quality in
cohesive soil
Double Jet
(Grout and Air)
• Most utilizing system
• High energy, good geometry
achieved
• Most experienced
• Often most economical
• Very difficult to control heave
in cohesive soils
• Not usually considered for
underpinning
• Spoil handling can be difficult
Triple Jet
(Grout, Air and
Water)
• Most controlled system
• High quality in difficult soils
• Best underpinning system
• Easiest to control spoil and
heave
• Complex system and
equipment
• Requires significant
experience
Single Jet
(Grout)
•
<George Burke, 2004>
Jet Grouting Injection Methods
Single Jet
Grouting
Double Jet
Grouting
Triple Jet
Grouting
Sand &
Gravel
Clay
Sand &
Gravel
Clay
Sand &
Gravel
Clay
Column Dia.
(ft)
2-4
2-3
3-6
3-5
5-8
3–6
Soilcrete
Strength
(psi)
10003000
2501000
5002000
1501000
5001500
150-750
• Compare weak rock (700 psi) or concrete strength (3500 psi)
Jet Grouting
• <Courtesy: Menard-soltraitement>
Field Installation
Texas
Louisiana
Jet Grouting Design
•Diameter: 4ft
•Center to Center
Spacing: 3ft
•Total # of Jet
Grouting Column: 38
•Column Length: 25ft
Jet Grouting Design
Jet Grouting
PVC pipe
to guide
jet
grouting
Concrete Backfill
Jet Grouting
Concrete Backfill
PVC pipe to guide
drilling through
concrete backfill
Jet Grouting
High pressure jet
grout through drill
rod
Single Jet Drill Rod
Single Fluid Jet
Grouting Nozzle
Grout Spoil Return
Grout spoil
return
Spoil Pond
Spoil
pond
Slurry Mixer and Pump
Slurry
Mixer
Grout Pump (Monitor quantity used)
Slurry Mixer
Grouting Pump
Final Repair
Thank you!
Quality Control
•<Source: Hayward Baker Webpage>
Strength Gain with Age
•<Source: Hayward Baker Webpage>