Discovery to Innovation
3C-Crista Chemical Company LLC
New Revolution Technology
TITANIUM
3C-Titanium Foam for
Next-Gen Car batteries
Innovation through Partnerships
Solution
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3C-Crista Chemical Company LLC
Titanium Foam For Next-Gen Car Batteries
Lightweight battery with increased:
Lifespan,
Capacity,
Cold start capacity
Battery based on Nickel and Titanium coated carbon foams
Titanium Electroplated Carbon Foam
3C-Crista Chemical Company LLC
3C-Next-Gen Car Batteries
Current
3C-Next-Gen
Traditional 2 volt cell above, with foam cell below.
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3C-Crista Chemical Company LLC
3C-Next-Gen Car Batteries
3C new generation of batteries -– safer, cleaner (environmentally friendly –Titanium is
NOT toxic) and far more powerful -– is beginning to emerge, batteries that can meet
the demanding requirements of cars propelled by electricity.
Patent Pending- Provisional Patent Application Number 62/216,159
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3C-Crista Chemical Company LLC
3C-Next-Gen Car Batteries
A battery has three basic components: the anode (+), the cathode (-), and
the electrolyte
3C has replaced the lead plates found inside conventional batteries with a
carbon foam or aluminum foam electroplated with titanium- Anode(+)
(positively charge )–and the highly corrosive sulfuric acid inside conventional
batteries, 3C replaced with titanium “G” electrolyte made of titanium dioxide
and other preparatory chemicals. The carbon or aluminum foam plated with
titanium increases the surface area of the anodes inside the battery, delivering
more power and slashing the recharge time, The Cathode(-) (negatively charge)
is made of metallic titanium( solid piece of Titanium METAL)
The NEW revolutionary 3C batteries produce products that
reach entirely new levels of power, capacity, and life at lower
cost and lighter weight.
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3C-Crista Chemical Company LLC
Conventional Lead Acid Battery
Solution
3CTitanium Foam
Lead-acid battery
(rechargeable): This
is a typical car battery.
The electrodes are
usually made of lead
dioxide and metallic
lead, while the
electrolyte is a sulfuric
acid solution
Solution- 3C-Titanium Foam for Next-Gen Car Batteries
3C-Carbon Foam-Plated with TITANIUM
Carbon Foam-”AS IS”
2nd Stage
3th Stage-Best Result
Surface Area
Performance : Battery
Conventional Lead –Acid –
Whr/kg
1st Stage
30-50
Titanium Foam (3C-Batteries) :170-200
WHr/kg
WHr/kg=Watts Hours per Kilogram
3C-Crista Chemical Technology does increase surface area with TITANIUM Carbon FOAM enormously.
3C-Crista Chemical Company LLC
3C-Next-Gen Car Batteries
In the design of any high performance battery, there are always four
major overriding objectives:

Maximize specific energy (energy storage per unit of weight,
measured
in watt-hours per kilogram) over designated discharge
Battery
Objectives and Challenges
scenarios.
 Maximize the specific power (power per unit of weight, measured in
watts per kilogram) over designated high rate discharge scenarios.
 Maximize battery life, not only in environmental durability but most
importantly in cycle life (number of possible charges and discharges).
 Do it all at extremely low cost.
3C-Next-Gen Car Batteries covers ALL four objectives
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3C-Crista Chemical Company LLC
3C-Next-Gen Car Batteries
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3C-Existing Technologies – Existing Pain
BatteriesChemistry
Voltage
Specific
Energy
(MJ/Kg)
Advantages
Pain
Nickel-Cadmium
(NiCd)
1.2
0.14
*High/low drain,
*Moderate energy density
*Inexpensive,
*Reputed to suffer from
*High Discharge rates with no loss
memory effect,
of capacity
*Environmental hazard due
to Cadmium
Lead Acid
2.1
0.14
*Moderately expensive,
*Does not suffer from memory
effect
*Higher discharge rates
result in considerable loss
of capacity.
*Higher discharge rates
result in considerable loss
of capacity.
*Very Heavy
*No track record.
*Limited size availability.
NiMH
1.2
0.36
*Inexpensive,
*Traditional chemistry has high
energy density,
*Performs
better than alkaline batteries in
higher drain devices.
Nickel-Zinc (NiZn)
1.6
0.36
* Moderate Inexpensive,
*Low self-discharge rate.
Toxic Components
0.46
*Very high energy density,
* Low rate of self discharge,
*Very Expensive ,
*Use: laptop computers, high-end *Not usually available in
cameras and camcorders, and cell "common" battery sizes
phones.
Lithium Ion
3.6
*No
Batteries-Pictures
3C-Crista Chemical Company LLC
Comparison of Parameters
3C
Carbon
Foam- Ti
Lead acid
NiCd
NiMH
NiZn
Li-ion
Cell voltage (V)
2.3
2.1
1.2
1.2
1.4
3.6
Energy/weight
20x
1x
1.3x
2x
1x
3x
Energy/volume
5x
1x
1.4x
2.5x
2x
3.5x
Active surface
30x
1x
2x
7x
7x
6x
Charging cycles
3000
500
1500
500
500
100
Eco-friendly
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Price /energy
unit
0.3x
1x
2x
0.7x
0.8x
4X
3C-Crista Chemical Company LLC
3C-Next-Gen Car Batteries- How it works
Conventional Batteries- how they works
The corrosion failure mode is primarily due to the fact that the positive battery plates are required to perform
their function as “electron collectors” in an incredibly harsh, acidic environment. What’s more, batteries
are frequently required to operate in high-temperature conditions, which have the effect of accelerating
corrosion. To mitigate the effects of corrosion, battery manufacturers have focused their research efforts on
developing corrosion-resistant lead alloys and grid manufacturing processes. Although improvements have
been attained in this manner, corrosion remains one of the most common failure modes of lead acid
batteries.
Sulfation failures result from a lead acid battery being kept in a discharged state for a period of time. In this
situation, the lead sulfate formed in the normal chemical discharge reaction re-crystallizes and hardens. This
non-conductive lead sulfate blocks the conductive path required for recharging. Once they’re in this crystalline
state, the sulfate crystals are very difficult to convert back to the charged lead and lead oxide required to
produce the battery’s energy-producing chemical reaction. Even a well-maintained battery will, over time, lose
some of its capacity due to the continued growth of large sulfate crystals that are not entirely
reabsorbed during the charging cycle. The sulfate crystals are also larger in volume than the original paste,
so they can actually mechanically deform the plate or grid by pushing the material apart. Sulfation is a
common problem in recreational vehicle applications where extended off-season storage leads to dead
batteries that will not accept a recharge.
3C-Next-Gen Car Batteries- How they works
•
•
•
•
•
•
No corrosion effect – carbon foam plated with Cu/Ni/Titanium passed ASTM B117 over 2000 in the Salt Spray Chamber
No Sulfation effect – 3C- Titanium Dioxide Gel Electrolyte
Anode (+) – Carbon Foam Plated with Titanium - does increase surface enormously /30X capacity /
Cathode (-) – Metallic Titanium
Electrolyte - 3CPreparatory Titanium Dioxide Gel Make –Up
The toxic waste generated by
disposed batteries, can be cut down 10 times since 3C batteries can last ten times longer than the current
generation of lithium-ion batteries
• The 10,000-cycle life of the 3C new battery also mean that drivers of electric vehicles
would save on the cost of battery replacements, which could cost over US$5,000 each
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3C-Next-Gen Car Batteries- how was invented
3C Priorities -------- Industry Priorities
3C
INDUSTRY
Education
Innovation
Research
Research
Innovation
Education
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3C-Crista Chemical Company LLC
10.M
3C- Batteries Development Plan
●
$
Million
Program –Batteries
Funding- Open
Industry Contribution
Program Coverage
●
3C4
1.M
●
3C1
3C-3
●
●
3C2
0
Discovery/
Fundamental
Research
Proof of Concept/
Test /Reports/
Prototypes
Development
Scale-Up
Innovation through Partnerships
Commercialization