Test Review - Gas Laws
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____
1. The number of particles in a mole of a pure substance is 6.02 x 1023.
____
2. Pressure is a direct result of collisions between gas particles and the walls of their container.
____
3. According to Boyle’s law, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant
temperature.
____
4. The combined gas law states the relationship among pressure, temperature, and volume of a fixed amount of
gas.
____
5. According to Gay-Lussac’s law, pressure is directly proportional to temperature at constant volume.
____
6. According to the combined gas law, pressure is inversely proportional to volume and directly proportional to
temperature, and volume is directly proportional to temperature.
____
7. The molar volume of a gas is the volume that 1 mol occupies at 0.00°C and 1.00 atm pressure.
____
8. Zero on the Celsius scale is also known as absolute zero.
____
9. Scientific law describes a relationship in nature that is supported by many experiments.
____ 10. A relationship in which one variable increases as the other variable decreases is an inverse relationship.
____ 11. When using Charles’s law, temperature must be expressed in degrees Kelvin.
____ 12. A mole is the unit used to measure the amount of an given substance.
____ 13. For a fixed amount of gas, a change in one variable (pressure, temperature or volume) affects the other two.
____ 14. The number of moles of a gas (n) is equal to the mass (m) divided by the molar mass (M).
____ 15. Very high pressures and very low temperatures cause real gases to behave differently than ideal gases.
____ 16. The standard molar volume of a gas is 22.4 L.
____ 17. A weather balloon functions on the principle of Gay-Lussac’s law.
____ 18. According to the combined gas law, pressure is inversely proportional to volume and directly proportional to
temperature, and volume is directly proportional to temperature.
____ 19. According to Charles’s law, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant
temperature.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 20. A milkshake is sipped through a straw at the noted pressure. The straw contains 5.0 mL of liquid. How much
liquid is consumed at 0.092 atm?
a. 0.10 mL
c. 6.3 mL
b. 3.9 mL
d. 7.8 mL
____ 21. Hospital patients are administered oxygen from an pressurized hyperbaric oxygen chamber. 600.0 L of
oxygen is compressed in a cylinder at 160.0 atm. What volume of oxygen can a cylinder supply at the given
pressure?
a. 11 L
c. 11 x 103 L
b. 32 L
d. 32 x 103 L
____ 22. The volume of a sample of helium is 4.5 mL at 20.0°C and 203.0 kPa. What will its volume be in the figure?
a. 2.25 mL
c. 4.34 mL
b. 3.78 mL
d. 6.85 mL
____ 23. Which law describes the proportional relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas?
a. Boyle’s Law
c. Gay-Lussac’s Law
b. Charles’s Law
d. Natural Law
____ 24. The volume noted in the figure contains nitrogen gas under a pressure of 4.972 atm at 31.8C. Calculate the
number of moles of nitrogen in the tank.
a. 0.002 mol
c. 0.525 mol
b. 0.018 mol
d. 1.90 mol
____ 25. A balloon is filled with 3.50 L of water at 24.0°C and 2.27 atm. The balloon in the figure is placed outside on
a hot day, what is the volume of the balloon (assuming constant pressure)?
a. 2.47 L
c. 3.61 L
b. 3.38 L
d. 8.19 L
____ 26. At an ocean depth of 10.0 m, a diver’s lung capacity is 2.40 L. The air temperature is 32.0°C and the pressure
is 101.30 kPa. What is the volume of the diver’s lungs at the same depth, at a temperature of 21.0°C and a
pressure of 141.20 kPa?
a. 1.12 L
c. 1.78 L
b. 1.66 l
d. 4.86 L
____ 27. An ethylene gas torch requires 3200 L of gas at 3.00 atm. What will be the pressure of the gas if ethylene is
supplied by a 250.0 L tank?
a. 0.231 atm
c. 38.4 atm
b. 2.34 atm
d. 45.4 atm
____ 28. Gas is confined in a metal tank in the figure. At 20.20C, the gas exerts a pressure of 8.532 atm. After heating
the tank, the pressure of the gas increases to 10.406 atm. What is the temperature of the heated gas?
____ 29.
____ 30.
____ 31.
____ 32.
____ 33.
____ 34.
____ 35.
____ 36.
a. -32.60C
c. 84.59C
b. 24.63C
d. 92.64C
Four liters of gas at atmospheric pressure is compressed into a 0.85L cylinder. What is the pressure of the
compressed gas if its temperature remains constant?
a. 0.15 atm
c. 3.4 atm
b. 0.21 atm
d. 4.7 atm
The _____ in a balanced equation specify volume ratios for gaseous reactants and products.
a. constants
c. masses
b. coefficients
d. variables
A sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 150.0 mL when its pressure is .947 atm. What will the volume of the
gas in Figure 13.8 be if the temperature remains constant?
a. 72 mL
c. 216 mL
b. 144 mL
d. 288 mL
A sample of neon gas occupies a volume of 752 mL at 25°C. What volume will the gas occupy at 50°C if the
pressure remains constant?
a. 204 mL
c. 815 mL
b. 408 mL
d. 8150 mL
A helium-filled balloon has a volume of 50.0 L at 25°C and 1.08 atm. What volume will it have at .855 atm
and 10.0°C?
a. 15.0 L
c. 60.0 L
b. 30.0 L
d. 120.0 L
What quantity of gas, in moles, is contained in 2.21 L at STP?
a. .0454 mol
c. .1974 mol
b. .0987 mol
d. .2948 mol
What volume does .0685 mol of gas occupy at STP?
a. .3707 mol
c. 1.53 L
b. .7515 mol
d. 3.06 L
What principle is illustrated in the figure?
____ 37.
____ 38.
____ 39.
____ 40.
____ 41.
____ 42.
____ 43.
a. Boyle’s Law
c. Ideal Gas Law
b. Charles’s Law
d. Scientific Theory
According to Gay-Lussac’s law:
a. pressure is inversely proportional to volume at constant temperature.
b. pressure is directly proportional to temperature at constant volume.
c. volume is inversely proportional to temperature at constant pressure.
d. volume is directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure.
Why is a gas easier to compress than a liquid or a solid?
a. Its volume increases more under pressure than an equal volume of liquid does.
b. Its volume increases more under pressure than an equal volume of solid does.
c. The space between gas particles is much less than the space between liquid or solid
particles.
d. The volume of a gas’s particles is small compared to the overall volume of the gas.
Why does the pressure inside a container of gas increase if more gas is added to the container?
a. There is an increase in the number of collisions between particles and the walls of the
container.
b. There is an increase in the temperature of the gas.
c. There is a decrease in the volume of the gas.
d. There is an increase in the force of the collisions between the particles and the walls of the
container.
How does the gas propellant move when an aerosol can is used?
a. from a region of high pressure to a region of lower pressure
b. from a region of high pressure to a region of equally high pressure
c. from a region of low pressure to a region of higher pressure
d. from a region of low pressure to a region of equally low pressure
If the volume of a container of gas is reduced, what will happen to the pressure inside the container?
a. The pressure will increase.
b. The pressure will not change.
c. The pressure will decrease.
d. The pressure depends on the type of gas.
If a balloon is squeezed, what happens to the pressure of the gas inside the balloon?
a. It increases.
b. It stays the same.
c. It decreases.
d. The pressure depends on the type of gas in the balloon.
What happens to the temperature of a gas when it is compressed?
____ 44.
____ 45.
____ 46.
____ 47.
____ 48.
____ 49.
____ 50.
____ 51.
____ 52.
____ 53.
a. The temperature increases.
b. The temperature does not change.
c. The temperature decreases.
d. The temperature becomes unpredictable.
As the temperature of the gas in a balloon decreases, which of the following occurs?
a. The volume of the balloon increases.
b. The average kinetic energy of the gas decreases.
c. The gas pressure inside the balloon increases.
d. all of the above
What happens to the pressure of a gas inside a container if the temperature of the gas decreases?
a. The pressure increases.
c. The pressure decreases.
b. The pressure does not change.
d. The pressure cannot be predicted.
If 4 moles of gas are added to a container that already holds 1 mole of gas, how will the pressure change
inside the container?
a. The pressure will be five times higher.
b. The pressure will double.
c. The pressure will be four times higher.
d. The pressure will not change.
Why does air escape from a tire when the tire valve is opened?
a. The pressure outside the tire is lower than the pressure inside the tire.
b. The pressure outside the tire is greater than the pressure inside the tire.
c. The temperature is higher outside the tire than inside the tire.
d. There are more particles of air outside the tire than inside the tire.
Which of these changes would NOT cause an increase in the pressure of a contained gas?
a. The volume of the container is increased.
b. More of the gas is added to the container.
c. The temperature is increased.
d. The average kinetic energy of the gas in increased.
When the Kelvin temperature of an enclosed gas doubles, the particles of the gas ____.
a. move faster
b. strike the walls of the container with less force
c. decrease in average kinetic energy
d. decrease in volume
The volume of a gas is doubled while the temperature is held constant. How does the gas pressure change?
a. It is reduced by one half.
b. It does not change.
c. It is doubled.
d. It varies depending on the type of gas.
The volume of a gas is reduced from 4 L to 0.5 L while the temperature is held constant. How does the gas
pressure change?
a. It increases by a factor of four.
c. It increases by a factor of eight.
b. It decreases by a factor of eight.
d. It increases by a factor of two.
When the temperature and number of particles of a gas are constant, which of the following is also constant?
a. the sum of the pressure and volume
b. the difference of the pressure and volume
c. the product of the pressure and volume
d. the ratio of the pressure and volume
If a balloon is heated, what happens to the volume of the air in the balloon if the pressure is constant?
a. It increases.
c. It decreases.
____ 54.
____ 55.
____ 56.
____ 57.
____ 58.
____ 59.
____ 60.
____ 61.
____ 62.
____ 63.
____ 64.
b. It stays the same.
d. The change cannot be predicted.
When the pressure and number of particles of a gas are constant, which of the following is also constant?
a. the sum of the volume and temperature in kelvins
b. the difference of the volume and temperature in kelvins
c. the product of the volume and temperature in kelvins
d. the ratio of the volume and temperature in kelvins
If a balloon is heated, what happens to the pressure of the air inside the balloon if the volume remains
constant?
a. It increases.
c. It decreases.
b. It stays the same.
d. The change cannot be predicted.
When the volume and number of particles of a gas are constant, which of the following is also constant?
a. the sum of the pressure and temperature in kelvins
b. the difference of the pressure and temperature in kelvins
c. the product of the pressure and temperature in kelvins
d. the ratio of the pressure and temperature in kelvins
If a sealed syringe is plunged into cold water, in which direction will the syringe piston slide?
a. in
c. No movement will occur.
b. out
d. The direction cannot be predicted.
What happens when a piston is used to decrease the volume of a contained gas?
a. Fewer gas particles exert a force on the piston.
b. The piston’s pressure on the gas becomes greater than the pressure exerted by the gas on
the piston.
c. Gas particles become compressed.
d. Gas particles leak out of the container.
If a sealed syringe is heated, in which direction will the syringe plunger move?
a. out
c. The plunger will not move.
b. in
d. The direction cannot be predicted.
In general, for a gas at a constant volume, ____.
a. the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to its temperature in kelvins
b. the volume of the gas is inversely proportional to its temperature in kelvins
c. the volume of the gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins
d. the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins
The combined gas law relates which of the following?
a. pressure and volume only
c. volume and temperature only
b. temperature and pressure only
d. temperature, pressure, and volume
What does the ideal gas law allow a scientist to calculate that the other gas laws do not?
a. number of moles
c. volume
b. pressure
d. temperature
At a certain temperature and pressure, 0.20 mol of carbon dioxide has a volume of 3.1 L. A 3.1-L sample of
hydrogen at the same temperature and pressure ____.
a. has the same mass
b. contains the same number of atoms
c. has a higher density
d. contains the same number of molecules
How is the ideal gas law usually written?
a.
c. PV = nRT
=R
b.
= nR
d.
P=
____ 65. Which law can be used to calculate the number of moles of a contained gas?
a. Boyle’s law
c. ideal gas law
b. combined gas law
d. Charles’s law
____ 66. Which of the following is constant for 1 mole of any ideal gas?
a. PVT
c.
b.
d.
____ 67. At high pressures, how does the volume of a real gas compare with the volume of an ideal gas under the same
conditions?
a. It is much greater.
c. There is no difference.
b. It is much less.
d. It depends on the type of gas.
____ 68. At low temperatures and pressures, how does the volume of a real gas compare with the volume of an ideal
gas under the same conditions?
a. It is greater.
c. There is no difference.
b. It is less.
d. It depends on the type of gas.
____ 69. An ideal gas CANNOT be ____.
a. condensed
c. heated
b. cooled
d. compressed
____ 70. Under what conditions of temperature and pressure is the behavior of real gases most like that of ideal gases?
a. low temperature and low pressure
c. high temperature and low pressure
b. low temperature and high pressure
d. high temperature and high pressure
____ 71. If the atmospheric pressure on Mt. Everest is one-third the atmospheric pressure at sea level, the partial
pressure of oxygen on Everest is ____.
a. one-sixth its pressure at sea level
c. one-half its pressure at sea level
b. one-third its pressure at sea level
d. equal to its pressure at sea level
____ 72. What happens to the partial pressure of oxygen in a sample of air if the temperature is increased?
a. It increases.
c. It decreases.
b. It stays the same.
d. The change cannot be determined.
____ 73. If oxygen is removed from a sample of air as iron rusts, what happens to the partial pressure of oxygen in the
air?
a. It increases.
c. It decreases.
b. It stays the same.
d. The change cannot be determined.
____ 74. If oxygen is removed from a sample of air as iron rusts, what happens to the total pressure of the air?
a. It increases.
c. It decreases.
b. It stays the same.
d. The change cannot be determined.
____ 75. A box with a volume of 22.4 L contains 1.0 mol of nitrogen and 2.0 mol of hydrogen at 0 C. Which of the
following statements is true?
a. The total pressure in the box is 101 kPa.
b. The partial pressures of N and H are equal.
c. The total pressure is 202 kPa
d. The partial pressure of N is 101 kPa.
____ 76. If the volume of a container of air is reduced by one-half, what happens to the partial pressure of oxygen
within the container?
a. It is reduced by one-half.
c. It is doubled.
b. It does not change.
d. It is reduced by one-fourth.
____ 77. Which of the following gases will effuse the most rapidly?
a. bromine
c. ammonia
b. chlorine
d. hydrogen
____ 78. Which of the following atoms would have the greatest velocity if each atom had the same kinetic energy?
a. bromine
c. ammonia
b. chlorine
d. hydrogen
____ 79. Which of the following gases is the best choice for inflating a balloon that must remain inflated for a long
period of time?
a. argon
c. hydrogen
b. oxygen
d. neon