Biology Semester 1 Study Guide
1.
Draw a Carbon atom and label its three subatomic particles.
2.
Identify each substance as a element, compound or mixture: Br2, NaHCO3, C6H12O6 and H2O, Cu
and Zn, CO2, Al
3. Describe covalent and ionic bonding.
4. Draw a polar water molecule illustrating positive and negative charges located on the molecule.
5. Identify the solvent and the solute in salt water?
6. Which numbers on a pH scale are considered acids, bases, and neutral?
7. What is a chemical reaction? Provide an example of a chemical reaction and identify the
reactants and products in your reaction.
8. What is a catalyst?
9. What is the cell theory? What are the three tenants of the theory?
10. What are the differences between a Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cell?
11. Draw and label a cell with the following organelles, cell membrane, nucleus, cell wall,
ribosomes, mitochondria, golgi apparatus, and ER. Define each organelle and identify your cell
as a plant or animal cell.
12. The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the
other. What are these channels and pumps made of?
13. What is diffusion, osmosis , and active transport? What conditions will cause a cell to burst?
Explain and draw. In osmosis water moves from a __________concentration to a
___________concentration.
14. What is cell specialization and what are the levels of organization? List the levels from the
simplest to the most complex.
15. Draw the cell cycle, and label all the phases. Describe what is happening in each of the phases.
Also, draw mitosis and describe each of its phases. What do spindle fibers do during mitosis?
16. Define cancer.
17. What is a nucleotide and what are the three parts of a nucleotide. Draw a strand of DNA and
label the nucleotide and its three parts.
18. Explain how DNA is replicated? During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases
TTAGGC produces a strand with the bases
19. What is RNA and what are the differences between RNA and DNA? List the three types of RNA
and describe their roles.
20. Describe the processes of Transcription and Translation.
21. Genes contain instructions for assembling________.
22. What is the photosynthesis and aerobic respiration equations? Define aerobic. What is
fermentation and what are the two types of fermentation? How is food involved in aerobic
respiration?
23. What is ATP and how does it release energy?
24. What Protein regulates the cell cycle?
25. Using the genetic sequence ATCGGGTTA replicate, transcribe and translate the sequence.