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International Journal of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry
Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
ISSN 2249-8540
Original Article
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS IN TOOTH
POWDER, GEL AND PASTE
1
DR.D.GOPALA KRISHNA*, 2 MARYAM MOHAMED ALRASHDI, &3 EMAN ALI ALGHAFIR
Department of Applied Sciences, Section-Chemistry, Higher College of Technology,
Muscat-Post box no 74, PIN-133, Sultanate of Oman
[email protected]
Received 25 June 2015; accepted 08 July 2015
Abstract
Commercial toothpastes, Powder and Gel, randomly sampled from the open market were analyzed for fluoride, phosphate,
Nitrate, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, moisture content, Alkalinity, Ash, Benzoic Acid and pH. Moisture
content was 20-39%, with 85% of the samples having water levels > 29 wt %. The pH of the toothpastes ranged from 4-8,
with 60% of them having a neutral pH. The levels of constituents depend on the method of solubilization of toothpaste,
with concentrated nitric acid digestion giving the best results. The health implications for tooth care and of assimilation of
the elements during the mouth cleansing process, especially when present at unacceptable levels, was discussed.
© 2015 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
Key words: Fluoride, Phosphate, Mouth Cleaning, Toothpaste.
Introduction: Toothpaste is a preparation for cleaning and
polishing the surfaces of teeth. Dentifrices Dental decay, a
common human (toothpastes & toothpowders) usually
contain mild disorder affecting more than 95 per cent
population of abrasives for polishing, binding agents,
sudsier, is caused by the formation of acid by (foaming
agents), flavourings and humectants to certain mouth
bacteria. It is directly related to the prevent hardening on
exposure to air. Some eating of sweet or starchy foods.
Foods articles that toothpastes, especially for children,
contain remain in the mouth are acted on by bacteria to
fluorides to prevent dental decay.
Ingredients of Toothpaste
Water: Toothpaste contain between 20–42 % water to help
keep it from drying out.
Abrasives: Abrasives constitute at least 50% of typical
toothpaste. These insoluble particles help remove plaque
from the teeth. The removal of plaque and calculus helps
minimize cavities and periodontal disease.
Fluorides: Fluoride in various forms is the most popular
active ingredient in toothpaste to prevent cavities. The
fluoride in toothpaste has beneficial effects on the
formation of dental enamel and bones. Sodium fluoride
(NaF) is the most often type of fluoride used in toothpaste.
Stannous fluoride (SnF2). This type may stain the tooth
surface yellow. Mono fluoro phosphate (Na2PO3F).
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Surfactants: Typically sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is used
as the surfactant. This is a detergent that also acts as the
foaming agent in the toothpaste. It is a harsh ingredient and
it's better to find and use SLS free toothpaste.
Antibacterial agents: Triclosan is one of the antibacterial
medications used in toothpaste. Long-term use of any
antibacterial ingredient may cause more problems than
benefits by promoting antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Flavorants: Toothpaste comes in a variety of colors, and
flavors intended to encourage use of the product. Three
most common flavorants are peppermint, spearmint, and
wintergreen. Toothpaste flavored with peppermint-anise oil
is popular in the Mediterranean region. These flavors are
provided by the respective oils, e.g. peppermint oil
Remineralization: some toothpaste is formulated to help
strengthen enamel (outer surface of the tooth). Calcium
phosphate is typically the ingredient used.
Preservatives: to help prevent microorganisms from
growing in toothpaste, certain preservatives are added.
These may include sodium benzoate, methyl paraben, and
ethyl paraben. Between the three common preservatives,
sodium benzoate is the safest. Some “natural” toothpaste
use citric acid.
Sweeteners: to improve the taste of toothpaste, the best
form is xylitol, since it does have many benefits for a
healthy mouth, as stated earlier.
International Journal of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry 2015; 5(3): 65-66
Coloring agents: Titanium dioxide may also be used to
make toothpaste white. It’s best to avoid toothpaste with
artificial dyes and coloring.
Table 1: Results of Inorganic constituents
Tooth
Parameter
Gel
powder
pH
6.72
9.62
Paste
6.63
EC (µs/cm)
210.5
72.9
52.95
Ash (%)
Alkalinity (ppm)
K (ppm)
Benzoic Acid (ppm)
Phosphate (ppm)
Nitrate (ppm)
Na (ppm)
Ca (ppm)
Fluoride (mg/g)
Magnesium (mg/g)
9.96
14.25
3.47
7.415
3.81
15.01
8.36
10.6
1.0
1.2
14.6
14.87
6.79
6.245
3.28
8.99
6.047
17.91
1.55
2.3
5.85
12.05
9.23
5.026
2.06
5.26
7.37
11.90
2.03
2.50
Fig.1: Physico-Chemical parameters
Conclusion
1. The investigated toothpastes help to increase the level of
oral hygiene significantly, in case of regular use.
2. Due to its ability to inhibit growth of dental plaque, the
dentifrice ROCS allows to achieve good hygiene level in a
week.
3. As a result of this study, the dentifrice ROCS with
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and without fluoride, can
increase caries-resistance at least such effectively.
4. The toothpaste ROCS can significantly increase the rate
of remineralization after acidic exposure.
Acknowledgements: Authors thank to Higher College of
Technology, Muscat, and Ministry of man power Sultanate
of Oman, for providing research facilities to the research
scholar.
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Source of support: Nil; Conflict of interest: None declared
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International Journal of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry 2015; 5(3): 65-66