Name: _________________________________________________ Date: _______________ Period: ________ Biology Notes: Evidence of Evolution Directions: Fill in the blanks as we cover the topic in the PowerPoint. 1. Fossil Record • Defined: ____________________ of every known fossil • Most fossils found in _____________________ rock • ______________ determined by ___________________ – Law of Superposition: ____________ rock forms on _________of older rock – A.k.a: ________________________________________ • Evidence Conclusions: – 1) Newer fossils are more ________________________ – 2) ___________________ ancestors: similarities between ancient & modern life Missing Link Fossils • AKA: ____________________________ Fossils – Archaeopteryx: shares both ______________ & _____________________ features – Basilosaurus: shares _________________& ________________ mammal features – Tiktaalik: shares fish & amphibian features • Evidence Conclusion : Indicates ___________________ ancestry Radiometric (Carbon) Dating • Helps_________________________________of fossils. More • ____________________: atoms of the same element with ______________________ neutrons – Ex: 12C and 14C 12
C = 6 protons + 6 neutrons 14
C = 6 protons + 8 neutrons • Organisms _________________ carbon throughout their lifetime. – When organism _________: 14C starts to decay into 14 N • Fossil age determined by ____________________ratio of C to N – Wider ratio = older sample 2. Geography • The study of geography provides _________________ of evolution. • island species most _______________________resemble nearest _______________________ species • populations can show __________________ from one island to another Provide examples for each type of evidence below: 3. Embryology • Different _________________________ show similar __________________________patterns • Different ________________________ become noticeable later in ____________________________ • Evidence Conclusion : Indicates _____________________ancestry 4. Homologous Structures Defined: __________________ body ________________________with very different ____________________________ Different ________________________ lead to __________________ o
Ex: The forelimbs of animals Evidence _______________________ : Indicates common ancestry Analogous Structures Analogous structures have similar _____________________ but _________________structures Analogous structures are ______ evidence of a common ancestor. 5. Vestigial Structures • Defined: __________________ or structures which have ________ most or all their ____________________________________. Vestigial ___________________________ Parts: o
Gill slits = once used to _____________oxygen in water o
Yolk sac = once used to ________________ developing embryo o
Tailbone = once used for ___________________________ o
Appendix = once used to _________________ plants o
Wisdom teeth = once used to _______________ plant tissue • Evidence Conclusion : Indicates______________________________ 6. Biochemical Evidence • ______________________, RNA, ____________________ compared • _________________ code is the ____________________for most life • More _________________________ species have more similar ________________________________. • Evidence Conclusion : ______________________________________ Examples/additional info.: Resistant Organisms • Constant creation of ________________ for human use is ___________________ the “unfit” or invading organisms – Ex: Antibiotics eliminating unfit/invading bacteria – Ex: Pesticides eliminating unfit/invading pests – Ex: Antivirals… – Ex: Fungicides… • Allows _________________________________ to survive and _______________________ Review 1. How does antibiotic and pesticide resistance show natural selection? 2. How do the following lines of evidence show change over time? a. Fossils b. Homologous structures c. Vestigial structures d. Resistant organisms e. Embryo development f. Biochemical (molecular) evidence 3. Fossil age can be determined two ways. What are they? 4. Which type of anatomical structures do not show evidence of common ancestry?