Citations and Plagiarism
To make your case stronger, call in
Using Sources: EXPERTS to support your points.
TONIGHT’S HOMEWORK
1. Submit final definition essay on MyHCC/ Canvas and bring any hard copies (group discussion
notes, proofreaders' marked copies, and possibly
brainstorming, outline, and tutoring) to class,
2. read chapter on cause-effect (LR pp. 352-367
or “Rhetorical Modes: Cause and Effect”) AND
“The Ruling That Changed America” by
Juan Williams (LR pp. 387-392) (both are linked
on MyHCC / Canvas), AND
3. work on Grammar #3 (sentence types), due next
Thursday on Canvas
1. QUOTE A quote is the writing of information
exactly as it is given in the original. No change
is made in the information, its spelling, or its order.
2. SUMMARY A summary is a brief retelling of the
information from the original in your own words.
Here, the information is much shorter than in the
original.
3. PARAPHRASE A paraphrase is put in your own
words but is about the same length as the
original. The reason for making a paraphrase is
that the original is too difficult to follow and can be
put in simpler, easier-to-understand terms.
ALL THREE NEED CITATIONS!
Adapted from a site by William
Wade, West Kentucky Community and Technical College
involves putting the
main idea(s) into your
own words, including
only the main point(s).
point(s)
Once again, it is
necessary to attribute
summarized ideas to
the original source with
a citation. Summaries
are significantly shorter
than the original and
take a broad overview
of the source material.
they are better than quoting information from an undistinguished passage.
they help you control the temptation
to quote too much.
the mental process required for summarizing or paraphrasing helps you to
grasp the full meaning of the original.
involves putting a passage from
source material into your own words.
A paraphrase must also be attributed
to the original source with a citation.
Paraphrased material is sometimes
shorter than the original passage,
but often it is just put into language
that is easier to understand. It must
not echo the same sentence
structure as the original.
QUOTATIONS SHOULD NOT
MAKE UP MORE THAN
20 PERCENT OF YOUR PAPER,
AND SUMMARIES AND
PARAPHRASES SHOULD NOT
EXCEED 60 PERCENT.
A paper presents your ideas; the research you
collect merely supports your ideas.
From a site by William Wade,
West Kentucky Community and
Technical College
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Citations and Plagiarism
(In MLA style, each source is listed only once, no matter how
many parenthetical citations it has.)
1.
2.
Every time you use someone else’s
IDEA(s
IDEA(s),
(s), you need TWO things:
things:
A parenthetical citation
A corresponding listing on the works
cited page
WHEN YOU USE A QUOTE IN AN ESSAY:
When people think of a man, they generally
think of “an adult male human being” (“man,
n.1). However, some think they have to “[b]e
stupid, be unfeeling, obedient and soldierly, and
stop thinking” to be manly (Theroux, par. 2).
Put the words you have borrowed in quotation marks and
include the author’s last name and page number in
parentheses after the quote. Then you will also need a
works-cited page. (See the next slide, page 6 of the
syllabus, and the MLA section of LBCH.)
Three Ways to Get a Quote into a
Sentence Without Floating
1. Make it part of the grammar of your sentence:
With Brown v. Board of Education, “[a]n
irreversible shift had begun” (Williams 21).
2. Add a source phrase and a comma, and ID the source:
Historian and commentator Juan Williams
writes, “An irreversible shift had begun” (21).
“An irreversible shift had begun,” writes
historian and commentator Juan Williams (21).
3. Add a colon:
With Brown v. Board, America changed: “An
irreversible shift had begun” (Williams 21).
From a site by William Wade,
West Kentucky Community and
Technical College
A parenthetical citation in the text of the
research paper points to the works cited page,
where the reader is given the complete source
data.
The purpose of both the parenthetical citation
and the list of works cited is to provide the
reader with the source of the information so that
the reader might verify the material or gather
more information on the topic.
NOTE: The works-cited page, like the title and
header of the essay, is not included in the word
count.
Put the worksworks-cited page on its own page
Alphabetize by first word in each entry
Works Cited
Author’s Last Name, First. “Title of Source (article, short story, poem, etc.).”
Title of Container (book, journal, website) in Italics, Other Contributors, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication Date, Location.
“man, n.1 (and int.).” OED Online, Oxford University Press,
DoubleDouble-space
March 2016, www.oed.com.db11.linccweb.org/view/ Entry/113198.
Theroux, Paul. “The Male Myth.” The New York Times, Sunday, Late City
Use hanging indentation
1.
2.
3.
Every time you use someone else’s
WORD(s),
WORD(s), you need THREE things:
Quotation marks
A parenthetical citation
A corresponding listing on the works
cited page
Final Edition, 27 Nov. 1983, p. 116. LexisNexis Academic, www.
lexisnexis.com.db11.linccweb.org/ lnacui2api/api/version1/getDoc
Cui?lni=3S8G-HPY0-0008-Y1KC&csi=270944,270077,11059,
8411&hl=t&hv=t&hnsd=f&hns=t&hgn=t&oc=00240&perma=true.
Include only works actually cited in the essay
A Tip When Quoting
From a site by William Wade,
West Kentucky Community
and Technical College
• When introducing a quote or expert source,
identify who the person is and why the
reader should pay attention to that person
as an authority.
Example: Michael Witmore, Ph.D., director of the Folger ShakeExample:
Michael
Witmore writes,
the things
speare Library
in Washington,
D.C.,“One
writes,of“One
of the things
that
Shakespearedoes
does
best
is make
to make
life more
that Shakespeare
best
is to
life more
vivid”vivid.”
(62).
• Then a name in the parenthetical citation
may not even be necessary unless Witmore
wrote more than one work in your works
cited list.
2
Citations and Plagiarism
Titles: Italics or Quotation Marks?
Titles of standalone works get italicized; titles of
shorter works get put in quotation marks. (When
writing by hand, underline to indicate italics.)
Thriller (the album)
“Thriller” (the song or video)
Frankenstein (a novel) “The Raven” (a poem)
Macbeth (a play)
“The Male Myth” (an article)
Making Your Life Easier?
Using MS Word’s citation tool or an Internet site like EasyBib.com, BibMe.org, or
CitationMachine.net may seem to make
citations easier, but
DO NOT RELY SOLELY ON SUCH A
TOOL OR SITE! YOU ARE WISER THAN
A COMPUTER!
Computers are only as good as the information you put into them. They can (and do)
make mistakes. You are responsible!
What is plagiarism?
Understanding Plagiarism …
with some help from Dr. Seuss
A plagiarism prevention
presentation
by
Rosiana (Nani) L. Azman, Ph.D.
University of Hawai‘i Maui College
Stephen H. Fox, Ph.D.
Hawai‘i Pacific University
University of Hawai‘i Maui College
http://classguides.lib.uconn.edu/content.php?pid=50827&sid=38624
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© 2013 Azm an & Fox and used with perm ission.
Examples of plagiarism
turning in someone else's work as your own
copying words or ideas from someone else without
giving credit
failing to put a quote in quotation marks
giving incorrect information about the source of a
quotation
changing words but copying the sentence structure
of a source without giving credit
copying so many words or ideas from a source that it
makes up the majority of your work, whether you
give credit or not.
© 2013 Azman & Fox and used with permission.
We will use Green Eggs and Ham,
written by Theodor Seuss Geisel (a.k.a. Dr. Seuss) in 1960,
to help us understand plagiarism.
We will use MLA (Modern Language Association) citation
style.
For the following examples, imagine that your assignment
is to write a paper about perception of unfamiliar food.
Green Eggs and Ham is one of your sources. Take a look
at each sentence and decide whether or not it is
plagiarism.
© 2013 Azman & Fox and used with permission.
3
Citations and Plagiarism
Example #1
Many people do not like green eggs and ham.
Example #2
Many people “do not like green eggs and
ham.”
Is this plagiarism?
Is this plagiarism?
YES! YES! The phrase “do not like green eggs and ham” is
taken directly from someone else’s work, word for
word, and is not cited appropriately.
© 2013 Azman & Fox and used with permission.
Example #3
Many people do not like green eggs and ham
(Geisel 12).
Is this plagiarism?
The phrase “do not like green eggs and ham” is in
quotes, showing that it is in fact someone else’s
work, but there is no reference listed as a citation.
© 2013 Azm an & Fox and used with perm ission.
Example #4
Many people “do not like green eggs and
ham” (Geisel 12).
Is this plagiarism?
No! ☺
YES! The phrase “do not like green eggs and ham” is in
Though a citation is given, the phrase “do not like
green eggs and ham” is still taken word for word
from Geisel’s work. The lack of quotation marks
implies that these are your words, which they are not.
© 2013 Azm an & Fox and used with perm ission.
quotes, showing that it is someone else’s work, and
the correct citation is in place. However, many instructors would prefer that you paraphrase a quote
this short and convey the meaning of the source.
© 2013 Azm an & Fox and used with perm ission.
https://youtu.be/LnLRpPD7aus
https://youtu.be/E5SRaf7LkNw
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