Name
Class
Date
Southern Europe
Section 1
MAIN IDEAS
1. Southern Europe’s physical features include rugged mountains and narrow
coastal plains.
2. The region’s climate and resources support such industries as agriculture,
fishing, and tourism.
Key Terms and Places
sea that borders Southern Europe
Pyrenees mountain range separating Spain and France
Apennines mountain range running along the whole Italian Peninsula
Alps Europe’s highest mountains, located in northern Italy
Mediterranean climate type of climate found across Southern Europe, with warm,
sunny days and mild nights for most of the year
Mediterranean Sea
Section Summary
PHYSICAL FEATURES
Southern Europe is composed of three peninsulas—
the Iberian, the Italian, and the Balkan—and some
large islands. All of the peninsulas have coastlines
on the Mediterranean Sea.
These peninsulas are largely covered with rugged
mountains. The Pyrenees form a boundary between
Spain and France. The Apennines run along the
Italian Pensinsula. The Alps—Europe’s highest
mountains—are in northern Italy. The Pindus
Mountains cover much of Greece. The region also
has coastal plains and river valleys, where most of
the farming is done and where most of the people
live. Crete, which is south of Greece, and Sicily,
at the southern tip of Italy, are two of the larger
islands in the region.
In addition to the Mediterranean Sea, the
Adriatic, Aegean, and Ionian seas are important to
Southern Europe. They give the people food and an
easy way to travel around the region. The Po and
the Tagus are two important rivers in Southern
What are the three peninsulas of
southern Europe?
Circle the four mountain ranges in
southern Europe.
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Name
Class
Date
Section 1, continued
Europe. The Po flows across northern Italy. The
Tagus, the region’s longest river, flows across the
Iberian Peninsula.
CLIMATE AND RESOURCES
The climate in southern Europe is called a
Mediterranean climate. The climate is warm and
sunny in the summer and mild and rainy in the
winter. Southern Europe’s climate is one of its most
valuable resources. It supports the growing of many
crops, and it attracts tourists.
The seas are another important resource in
Southern Europe. Many of the region’s cities are
ports, shipping goods all over the world. In addition, the seas support profitable fishing industries.
What are the characteristics of a
Mediterranean climate?
CHALLENGE ACTIVITY
Critical Thinking: Analyzing Explain how southern Europe’s climate
supports the region’s economy.
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Answer Key
SECTION 2
3. The North has more industry, better
Call-Out Boxes
1. They raised crops in stone terraces built
farmlands, and more popular tourist
attractions than the South.
4. They relied on gold from their colonies
instead of building industries. When they
lost their colonies, their gold revenue
dried up.
into the steep mountainsides.
2. about 12 million people
3. The new Inca ruler ordered a room to be
filled with gold and silver objects, thinking
it was to be his ransom.
4. Bolivia
5. In June, for example, they participate in a
sun worship festival that was celebrated by
the Incas.
SECTION 1
Call-Out Boxes
1. Iberian, Italian, Balkan
2. Pyrenees, Apennines, Alps, Pindus
3. summer—warm and sunny; winter—mild
Challenge Activity
and rainy
Essays should mention that the Inca Empire
was an advanced civilization and home to
millions of people. After the Spanish
conquest, Incas were forced to work in mines
or on plantations and to follow Spanish laws
and customs.
Challenge Activity
Students should mention tourism and
agriculture in their explanations.
SECTION 2
Call-Out Boxes
1. statues, paintings, new forms of history
SECTION 3
Call-Out Boxes
1. In 2005 the president was forced out of
2.
3.
4.
5.
office because reforms had not improved
conditions for the citizens of Ecuador.
Sucre and La Paz
However, many people in Lima are poor,
living in slums around the city center.
Often they cannot get water or electricity.
the Shining Path
farming, fishing, forestry, copper mining
2.
3.
4.
5.
and drama, advances in geometry, system
of reason that is the basis of modern
science, democracy
Romans, Byzantines, Ottoman Turks
Orthodox Church
the family
shipping and tourism
Challenge Activity
possible answer—Nearly everyone in Greece
belongs to the Orthodox Church, whose
religious holidays include family gatherings
and celebrations.
Challenge Activity
Students’ letters will vary but should draw
upon information in the section about Lima.
SECTION 3
Call-Out Boxes
1. art, architecture, literature, law,
Southern Europe
COMPREHENSION AND CRITICAL
THINKING
government
2. Trade merchants became rich and started
supporting artists, which helped lead to a
period of great creativity.
3. Roman Catholic Church, local traditions,
contemporary art forms
4. It has major industrial centers,
productive farmland, and popular tourist
destinations.
1. The seas support the fishing industry. The
climate is ideal for attracting tourists.
2. Art—realistic paintings and statues;
Writing—new forms of history and
drama; Math—advances in geometry;
Philosophy—reasoning that is the basis
of modern science; Government—
democracy
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