Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________
The English Colonies
Section 4
MAIN IDEAS
1. Colonial governments were influenced by political changes in England.
2. English trade laws limited free trade in the colonies.
3. The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment led to ideas of political equality
among many colonists.
4. The French and Indian War gave England control of more land in North
America.
Key Terms and People
town meeting an assembly in which colonists decided issues and made laws
English Bill of Rights an act passed in 1689 that reduced the powers of the English
monarch and gave Parliament more power
triangular trade indirect trade between the American colonies and Britain
Jonathan Edwards important leader of the Great Awakening
Great Awakening an awakening in the religious lives of colonists
Enlightenment a movement during the 1700s that focused on the use of reason and
logic to improve society
Pontiac Native American leader who led a rebellion in the Ohio Valley in 1763
Section Summary
COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS
The House of Burgesses helped make laws in
Virginia. In New England, colonists at town
meeting decided local issues. The middle colonies
used both county courts and town meetings.
King James II of England thought the colonies
were too independent. He united the northern
colonies and limited their powers. In 1689 the
English Bill of Rights shifted power from the
monarch to Parliament, the British governing body.
These rights were not extended to the colonists.
How were laws made in
Virginia and New England?
_______________________
_______________________
Did the colonists benefit
from the English Bill of
Rights?
_______________________
ENGLISH TRADE LAWS
England controlled its American colonies partly to
earn money. Parliament passed Navigation Acts that
required colonists to trade only with Britain.
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Guided Reading Workbook
Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________
Section 4, continued
However, some colonists wanted to buy and sell
goods at the market offering the best prices.
In a deadly version of triangular trade, New
England colonists traded rum for slaves from the
African coast. The slave trade forced 10 million
Africans across the Atlantic Ocean. In the Middle
Passage thousands of them died.
GREAT AWAKENING AND ENLIGHTENMENT
During the Great Awakening talk of spiritual
equality made some people, such as Jonathan
Edwards, think about political equality.
Enlightenment thinker John Locke said people
should obey their rulers only if the state protected
life, liberty, and property.
In 1675 a war erupted between New England
colonists and some American Indians. Metacomet,
who was also known as King Philip, led the
Wampanoag. Each side killed men, women, and
children. The fighting ended in 1676.
THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
The British and the French both wanted to control
certain territory in North America. The French and
Indian War was about the British wanting to settle
in the Ohio Valley and the French wanting it for the
fur trade. After the war Britain won Canada and all
French lands east of the Mississippi River.
The Ohio Valley proved good for farming, but
Native American leaders opposed British
settlements. American Indian Chief Pontiac led
followers against the British. He later gave up, but
King George III banned colonists from settling on
Indian lands. Many settlers ignored the ban.
What is the name given to
the voyage of slaves from
Africa to America?
_______________________
What was King Philip’s real
name?
_______________________
How did many Americans
react to the king’s ban on
settling on Indian lands?
_______________________
CHALLENGE ACTIVITY
Critical Thinking: Drawing Inferences Imagine
you live during the Enlightenment. Write a short
journal entry describing the time.
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Guided Reading Workbook
Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________
Section 4, continued
DIRECTIONS Look at each set of four terms. On the line provided,
write the letter of the term that does not relate to the others.
_____ 1. a. House of Burgesses
b. town meetings
c. governors
d. Great Awakening
______ 4. a. revivals
b. Jonathan Edwards
c. Great Awakening
d. colonial courts
_____ 2. a. Navigation Acts
b. English Bill of Rights
c. mercantilism
d. free enterprise
______ 5. a. triangular trade
b. Proclamation of 1763
c. French and Indian War
d. Pontiac’s Rebellion
_____ 3. a. slavery
b. triangular trade
c. John Winthrop
d. Middle Passage
DIRECTIONS Write two adjectives or descriptive phrases that describe
each term.
6. House of Burgesses ________________________________________________
7. Jonathan Edwards _________________________________________________
8. French and Indian War ______________________________________________
9. English Bill of Rights _______________________________________________
10. Great Awakening __________________________________________________
Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
39
Guided Reading Workbook