Prepared by Yipsir First 100 Common Word Roots Root Meaning Examples 1. ambul- walk 走 ambulance, ambulatory, somnambulist 2. am-, amat- love 愛 amateur, amiable, amicable 3. audi- hear 聽 audience, auditorium, audit 4. auto- self 自己, 自動 automobile, automatic, autonomous 5. bio- life 生命, 生物 biology, biography, antibiotic 6. ced-, ceed-, cess- go 行走 proceed, exceed, recession 7. cap-, cept- take 拿取 except, accept, incept 8. chron- time 時間 chronic, chronology 9. cid-, cis- cut, kill 切斷，殺 decide, concise, suicide, homicide, patricide 10. cid-, fall 降落 accident, incident, coincide 11. claim-, clam- shout, cry 喊叫 exclaimation, proclaim, acclaim 12. clud-, clus- close, shut 關閉 include, exclude, conclude 13. cogn- know 知 cognition, recognize 14. contra, counter against, opposite contradict, contrary, counterfeit 15. cred- believe 相信, trust 信任 credible, credit, credential 16. cur- curs- cour- run 跑 cursor, occur, current, courier 17. cycl- circle, wheel 圓,輪 bicycle, cycle, cyclone 18. dict- say 言, 說 dictionary, dictate, dictator 19. dit- give 給 tradition, edit, editorial 20. doc-, doct teach 教 doctor, doctrine, document 21. don- give 給 donate, pardon 22. duc-, duct- lead 引導 educate, introduce, abduct, seduce, conduct 23. fabl-, fabul- speak 言, 說 fable, fabulous, effable 24. fact- make, do 做 factory, manufacture, factitious 25. fer- bring, carry 帶, 拿 confer, differ, prefer www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 1 Root 26. fid- Meaning trust 信任, faith 信仰 Examples confide, confidence, confidant 27. flat- blow 吹 inflation, deflation 28. flect- bend 彎曲 refect, deflect, inflection, 29. flict- strike 打擊 conflict, inflict, afflict 30. flu-, flux- flow 流 influence, fluctuate, influx 31. flect-, flex- to bend 彎曲,折曲 flexible, reflection, deflect 32. glot-, gloss- tongue 舌, 語言 glossal, polyglot, glossary 33. graph-, gram- write 寫 grammar, biography, autograph 34. gress- go 行走 progress, retrogress, agress, congress 35. hal- breathe 呼吸 inhale, exhale, inhalator 36. habit- dwell 居住 inhabit, cohabit, inhabitant 37. hibit- hold 拿, 持 exhibit, inhibit, prohibit 38. horr- fear 怕 horrible, horrify, horror 39. ject- throw 投擲 project, eject, reject 40. lat- bring, carry 帶, 拿 translate, collate, superlative 41. lect- (lig-) choose 選擇, gather 收集 elect, collect, elegant, eligible 42. leg- read 讀 legible, legend 43. leg-, legis- law 法 legal, legislate, privilege 44. lev- raise 舉, 升 lever, elevator, relieve 45. liter- letter 文字, 字母 literate, literature 46. log, logu- speak 言, 說 dialogue, apology, logic, colloquial 47. man- dwell,stay 居住,停留 mansion, permanent, remain 48. manu- hand 手 manual, manuscript, manufacture, maintain 49. magn(i)- great, big 大 manify, manifier, magnitude 50. migr- remove 遷移 migrate, emigrant, immigrate www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 2 Root Meaning Examples 51. mir- wonder 驚奇, 驚嘆 mirror, admire, mirage 52. mis(o)- hate 恨, 厭惡 misanthropy, misogamy, misogynist 53. miss-, mit- send 投, 發, 送 missile, promise, emit 54. mon- warn 告誡 monument, monitor 55. mort- death 死 mortal, mortality, immortal, mortuary 56. nov- new 新 novel, innovation, renovation 57. oper- work 工作 operate, cooperate, opera 58. parl- speak 言, 說 parliament, parlour, parlance 59. past- feed 餵, 食 pasture, pastor, pastoral 60. pel- push, drive 推, 逐, 驅 propel, repel, expel hang 懸掛 depend, append, pending 62. pet- seek 追求 competition, appetite, peition 63. phil(o)- love 愛 philanthropy, philanthropist 64. phobia- fear 驚怕 photophobia, hydrophobia 65. phon- sound 聲音 microphone, telephone, symphony 66. pict- paint 繪, 畫 picture, pictorial, depict, pigment 67. port- carry 拿, 帶, 運 porter, portable, report, deport 68. pos- put 放置 expose, composition, dispose 69. rect- right, straight 正,直 correct, rectify, rectangle, erect climb 攀, 爬 ascend, descend know 知 science, conscious, subconscious write 寫 describe, prescribe, manuscript 73. sec-, sect- cut 切割 section, intersect, dissect 74. sen- old 老 senior, seniority, senate 75. sent-, sens- feel 感覺 sentiment, consent, desensitize 61. 70. pend-, pens- scend-, scens- 71. sci72. scrib-, script- www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 3 Root Meaning Examples 76. sid- sit 坐 preside, reside, dissident 77. sist- stand 站立 resist, consist, assist, persist 78. son- sound 聲音 sonic, supersonic, resonance 79. spect- look 看 spectacle, spectator, inspect 80. sper- hope 希望 desperate, despair, prosperity 81. spers- scatter 散, 撒 disperse, asperse 82. spir- breathe 呼吸 conspire, inspire, expire 83. cert- sure 確實, 確信 certain, certify, certificate, ascertain 84. tail- cut 切, 割 tailor, detail, retail, curtail hold 握, 持 contain, obtain, maintain, tenant, continue 86. tect- cover 掩蓋 detect, detective, protect 87. tele- far 遠 telescope, telephone, telegram, television stretch 伸展 extent, attend, contend 89. terr- frighten 怕, 恐嚇 terrible, terrorism, deter 90. text- weave 編織 text, textile, texture, context, pretext 91. tort- twist 扭 toture, torturer, distort 92. tract- draw 拉, 抽, 引 tractor, attract, distract 93. trud-, trus- push 推, thrust 衝 intrude, extrude, intruder 94. vad- go 行走 invade, evade, pervade 95. vag- wander 漫步, 漫遊 vague, vagrant, extravagant, 96. ven- come 來 intervene, convene, event, revenue 97. vert-, vers- turn 轉 advertise, convert, revert, introvert 98. vit-, vita- life 生命 vital, vitamins, revitalize 99. viv- live 活 survive, revive, vivid, vivacious 100. vis- see 看 visible, visit, provident 85. 88. tain-, ten-, tin- tend-, tens-, tent- www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 4 Less Common Word Roots Root Meaning Examples 101. aer(o)- air 空氣,空中,航空 aerial, aeroplane 102. agri-, agro- field 田 agriculture, agrarian 103. anthrop(o)- man 人, humankind 人類 anthropology, philanthropic 104. aqu- water 水 aquatic, aqueduct, acqeous, aquarium 105. arch-, archy- ruler, rule 統治(者) anarchy, monarchy, triarchy, patriarch 106. astro-, aster- star 星 astrology, astronaut 107. avi- bird 鳥 aviary, aviation 108. cardi- heart 心 cardiac, carditis, cardiogram 109. circ- ring 環, 圓, 圈 circus, circle, circular, circuit 110. clar- clear 清楚, 明白 clarify, clarity, declare 111. clin- lean 傾 incline, decline 112. cord- heart 心 cordial, record, concord 113. corpor- body (身)體 corporation, corporal 114. cosm(o)- world 世界, 宇宙 cosmic, cosmopolis 115. cruc- cross 十字 crucial, crusader, cruiser, crucify 116. dem(o)- people 人民 democracy, demography, epidemic 117. dent- tooth 牙 dentist, dental 118. derm-, dermat- skin 皮 dermal, dermatitis, hypodermic 119. dom- home 屋, 家 domestic, domicile 120. dorm- sleep 睡眠 dormitory, dormant 121. drom- run 跑 syndrome 122. ed- eat 吃 edible, inedible 123. emper-, imper- command 命令,統帥 emperor, empire, imperative 124. fin- end, limit 尾, 界限 final, finish, infinite, define, 125. flu- flow 流 fluent, influence, influenza, fluid 126. foli- leaf 葉 foliar, portfolio 127. frag- break 破 fragile, fragment, fracture 128. frater- brother 兄弟 fraternal 129. fug- flee 逃, 散 refuge, refugee, fugitive, centrifugal 130. gam- marriage 婚姻 monogamy, bigamy, polygamy www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 5 Root Meaning Examples 131. geo- earth 大地 geography, geology 132. glaci- ice 冰 glacier 133. gon- angle 角 trigonometry, pentagon, hexagon, octagon 134. hes-, her- stick 黏著 adhere, hesitate, cohesive 135. hypn(o)- sleep 睡眠 hypnotic 136. hydro- water 水 carbohydrate, dehydrate, hydrant 137. ign- fire 火 ignite, ignition 138. insul- island 島 peninsula, insulate, insulator 139. junct- connect 連接 junction, juncture, conjunction 140. liber- free 自由 liberate, liberal 141. lumin- light 光, 照 illuminate, illuminator, illuminant 142. loc- place 地方 locate, local, relocate 143. lun- moon 月亮 lunar 144. mar- sea 海 marine, submarine 145. matr(i)-, mater-, metro mother 母 maternal, maternity, metropolitian 146. mens-, mensur- measure 測量 immense, commensurate 147. merg-, mers- sink, dip 沉, 浸 emergent, immerse 148. min- project,jut 伸出,突出 prominent, eminent, imminent 149. mob-, mot- move 動 mobile, mob, motor, motion, promote 150. mut- change 變(換) mutable, immutable, mutual, permute 151. nav- ship 船 navy, navigate, circumnavigate 152. nect-, nex bind 結, 繫, 束 connect, annex 153. neur(o)- nerve 神經 neural, neuritis, neurology 154. nomin- name 名 nominal, nominate 155. ocul- eye 眼 monocular, binocular 156. onym- name 名 anonymous, antonym 157. ori- rise 升起 orient, orientation, origin, originate 158. par- equal 相等 parity, compare, comparative 159. patr(k)-, pater- father 父, 祖 patriarchy, paternal, patron, patriot 160. ped- child 兒童 pedology, pedagogy www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 6 Root Meaning Examples 161. ped- foot 腳 pedal, uniped, biped, centipede, expedition 162. petr(o)- stone 石 petroleum 163. photo- light 光 photograph, photographer 164. pod- foot 腳 apod, tripod, tetrapod, decapod, polypod 165. polis- city 城市 metropolis, cosmopolis 166. popul- people 人民 population, popular, popularity 167. pun-, pen- punish 罰 punish, impunity, penalty 168. radic- root 根 eradicate, radical 169. ras- scrape 擦, 刮 razor, erase, abrase 170. rid-, ris- laugh 笑 ridiculous 171. rupt- break 破 interrupt, bankrupt, corrupt, erupt 172. rur-, rus- countryside 農村 rural 173. simil-, simul- like 相似, 相同 similar, assimilate, dissimilate, facsimile 174. sol- sun 太陽 solar, insolation 175. sper- hope 希望 desperate, despair, prosperity 176. tact-, tag touch (接)觸 contact, tactile, intact, contagion 177. terr- earth,land 土地,陸地 territory, terrace 178. the(o)- god 神 theism, theology, atheism 179. tim- fear 怕 timid, intimidate 180. tir- draw 拉, 引 retire 181. tom-, tomy- cut 切, 割 atom, anthropotomy 182. tox- poison 毒 toxin, toxic, detoxify 183. urb- city 城市 urban, suburb, urbanization 184. ut- use 用 utilize, utility, utensil 185. vol-, volunt- will 意志, 意願 volition, benevolent, volunteer 186. zo(o)- animal 動物 zoo, zoology www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 7 General Prefixes Prefix Meaning Examples 1. a- 無、不、非 amoral, asexual, asocial 2. ab- 相反、不、離開 abnormal, absent, abstain 3. ac- at, to, 或加強意義 accustom, accredit, accompany 4. ad- at, to, 或加強意義 adjust, adventure, admire 5. af- at, to, 或加強意義 affix, afforest, affirm 6. ag- at, to, 或加強意義 aggrandize,aggravate, aggrieve 7. amphi- 兩、雙 amphicar, amphibian 8. an- 無、不, 或加強意義 anharomonic, anarchism, anounce 9. ante- 前、先 antenna, antelope, anteroom 10. anti- 反對、相反、防止 antiwar, anticlockwise, anticrime 11. ap- 加強或引申意義 appoint, appraise, appease 12. apo- 離開 apology, apostasy 13. ar- at, to, 或加強意義 arrange, arrear, arrive 14. as- at, to, 或加強意義 assimilate, assort, assure 15. at- at, to, 或加強意義 attract, attest, attack 16. auto- 自己、自動 automate, autoalarm 17. be- 使……、使成為…… befool, befriend, becalm 18. bene- 善、好 benevolent, benediction 19. bi- 兩、二 biweekly, bicolor, bimonthly 20. by- 旁、側、非正式、副 byroad, bywork, byname www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 8 Prefix Meaning Examples 周圍、環繞 circumplantetary, circumaviate co- 共同 cooperation, coagent,coaction 23. col- 共同 collaboration, collinear, collocate 24. com- 共同、加強或引申意義 compatriot, compress, commix 25. con- 共同、加強或引申意義 concolorous, confirm, condense 26. contra- 反對、相反 contraclockwise, contradict 27. cor- 21. circum- 22. 28. 共同、互相、加強或引申意義 correlation, correct, corrupt counter- 反對、相反 counterrevolution, countercurrent 否定、除去、離開、 製作 destruction, desalt,deplane,design 29. de- 30. deca- 十 decameter, decagram 31. deci- 十分之一 decigram, decimeter 32. demi- 半 demigod, demiwolf, demidevil 33. di- 二、雙 diatomic, dioxide 34. dia- 貫通、對穿 diagonal, dialogue,diameter 35. dif- 分開、否定、不 differ, diffident, diffuse 36. dis- 不、除去、分開 dislike, disroot, dispel 37. dys- 不良、困難 dysfunction, dyspathy 38. e- 加強或引申意義、 39. ef- 上…、配以…、作為… 40. en- 登上…、配以…、致使…、in entain,enchain,enable,enclose www.yipsir.com.hk 出、外 evaluate, estop, eject embus, embar, embody 葉錦熙 9 Prefix Meaning Examples 內 endolymph, endogen eu- 優、善、好 eugenics, eupepsia, euphemism 43. ex- 出外、前任的、做… export, exmayor, exalt 44. exo- 外、外部 exobiology, exogamy 45. extra- 以外、超過 extralegal, extrasolar 46. fore- 前、先、預先 foretell, foreword, forerun 47. hecto- 百 Hectowatt, hectometer 48. hemi- 半 hemicycle, hemisphere 49. hepta- 七 heptahon, heptode, heptarchy 50. hetero- 異 heteropolar, heterodoxy 51. hexa- 六 hexagon, hexode, hexangular 52. holo- 全 hologram, holographt, holophone 53. homo- 同 homotype, homopolar 54. hyper- 超過、過多 hyperslow, hyperactive 55. hypo- 下、低、次、少 hyposensitize, hypothermia 56. il- 不、無、加強或引申意思 illegal, illocal, illustrate 57. im- 不、向內、加以…… impossible, import, impel 58. in- 不、內、使…… incorrect, inside, intone 59. infra- 下、低 infrared, infrahuman 60. inter- 在……之間、互相 international, interchange 41. endo- 42. www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 10 Prefix Meaning Examples 61. intra- 在內、內部 intraparty, intracity, intraday 62. intro- 向內、入內 introduce, intromit 63. ir- 不、無、向內 irregular, irrelative, irruption 64. iso- 等、同 isogon, isotope,isotherm 65. kilo- 千 kilogram, kilometer, kilocycle 66. macro- 大、宏、長 macroplan, macroscale 67. mal- 惡、不良、不 maltreat, malcontent, malformation 68. meta- 超、變化 metaphysical, metamorphosis 69. micro- 微 microscope, microworld, microbus 70. milli- 千分之一、千 milligram, millimeter, millipede 71. mini- 小 ministate, miniskirt, minipark 72. mis- 誤、錯、惡、不 misspell, misread, misuse 73. mono- 單一、獨 monodrama, monotone 74. multi- 多 multiparty, multicentric 75. neo- 新 neorealism, neonatal, neolithic 76. non- 不、非、無 nonsmoker, nonmetal, nonparty 77. octa- 八 octagon, octachord, octavalent 78. omni- 全、總、公、都 omnipresent, omnibus, omniform 79. out- 勝過、過度、外、除去 outdo, outsize, outdoor, outroot 80. over- 過度、在上、反轉 overstudy, overcoat,overturn www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 metaculture, 11 Prefix Meaning Examples 81. palei- 古、舊 paleozoology, paleobotany 82. pan- 全、泛 pantheism, pansophic 83. para- 半、副、旁、錯誤 parastatal, paradox 84. para- 防、避開、保護 parachute, parasol, parawing 85. pen- 幾乎、相似、差不多 peninsula, peneplain 86. penta- 五 pentagon, pentode, pentoxide 87. per- 貫穿、通、加強意義、過、高 perfect, persist, perplex, peracid 88. peri- 周圍、外層 perigon, perigee, period, perimeter 89. poly- 多 polycentric, polygon, polyarchy 90. post- 後 postwar, postdate, postpone 91. pre- 前、預先 prewar, prefix, prepay, premade 92. pro- 向前、代替 progress, prolong, pronoun 93. proto- 原始 protohuman, protohistory paralegal, parasite, 94. pseudo- 假 95. quadri- 四 quadrisyllable, quadruped 96. quasi- 類似、準、半 quasi-war, quasi-public 97. re- 回、重新、相反 return, reprint, resist 98. retro- 向後、回、反 retrograde, retroact,retroflex 99. se- 離開、分開 seduce, select, secern 100. semi- 半 semiweekly, semicircle www.yipsir.com.hk pseudonym, pseudology 葉錦熙 12 Prefix Meaning Examples 101. sept- 七 septangle, septuple 102. sex- 六 sexangle, sexisexfoil 103. sino- 中國 sinophile, Sinophobe 104. step- 後、繼 stepfather, stepsister 105. stereo- 立體 stereosonic, stereograph. 106. 下、次、稍、副、接近、再、 subway, subcollegem subacid, subworker, subteen, sublet, sublet 化學名詞 sub- 107. super- 超、超級、上、過度 superspeed, supervise, superheat 108. supra- 超、上 supra-class, suprarenal 109. sur- 上、外、超 surface, surpass, surcharge 110. sym- 共同、相同 sympathy, symphony 111. syn- 共同、相同 synactic, synoym, synthesis 112. tetra- 四 tetrode, tetrachord, tetroxide 113. trans- 橫、變換 transport, transship 114. tri- 三 tricolour, tricar, trijet 115. twi- 二、兩 twilight, twifold, twiforked 116. ultra- 極端、超 ultrapure, ultrared, ultrashort 117. un- 不、無、非、未、除去 unreal, unconditional,unject, unchanged, unlock, unearth 118. under- 下、內、不足、副 underground, undershirt, underproduction, undersized 119. vice- 副 vice-governor, vice-manager 120. with- 向後、相反 withdraw, withhold, withstand www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 13 General Suffixes Suffix Function 1. -en Adjective => Verb 2. -ify Adjective/Noun => Verb 3. -ise/-ise Adjective => Verb 4. -al Verb => Noun 5. -er/-or/-aut/ -eur Verb => Noun 6. -ion/-ation/ -ition/-ision Verb => Noun 7. -ism Adjective/Noun => Noun 8. -ist Adjective/Noun => Noun 9. -ity Adjective => Noun 10. -ment Verb => Noun 11. -ness Adjective => Noun 12. -able/-ible Verb => Adjective 13. -al Noun => Adjective 14. -ful Verb/Noun => Adjective having the stated quality to a high degree，or causing it fearful 15. -ly Adjective => Adverb in the stated way loudly www.yipsir.com.hk Meaning to cause to have or increase the stated quality to cause an increase in the stated quality; to become to cause to become the action described by the verb the person or device that does the activity the process or condition associated with the verb social，political or religious beliefs or ways of behaving a person with a particular set of beliefs or way of behaving，or with a knowledge of an area of study the state or quality referred to by the adjective the action or process described by the verb，or its result the quality or condition described by the adjective used to add the meaning 'that can be' or 'worth being' connected with the stated thing 葉錦熙 Examples blacken simplify modernise arrival daughter, collector, astronaut, amateur education modernism extremist sincerity government illness desirable national 14 Suffixes – most common Suffix Meaning Examples 1. -ability (n.) 可…性 lovability, readability 2. -able (adj.) 可….的, 某種性質 knowable, useable, movable 3. -ably (adv.) ……地 peaceably, suitably, lovably 4. -aceous (adj.) 具有….的 rosaceous, herbaceous 5. -acious (adj.) 多….的 6. -acity (n.) 性質, 情況 rapacity, capacity, audacity 7. -acle (n.) 構成實質名詞 manacle, miracle, tentacle 8. -acy (n.) 行為, 職權 determinacy, literacy, privacy 9. -ade (n.) 行為 decade, blockade, cannonade 10. -age (n.) 場所, 費用, 情況 cottage, postage, dotage 11. -ain (n.) 表示人 captain, chaplain, villain 12. -aire (n.) 表示人 solitaire, millionaire, doctrinaire 13. -al (adj.) 具有……性質的 personal, national, natural 14. -al (n.) 行為, 表示人或物 refusal, criminal, mural, hospital 15. -ality (n.) 情況, 性質, 狀態 personality, nationality 16. -ally (adv.) 方式, 程度 dramatically, naturally, artistically 17. -an (adj.) 屬於某地方的 urban, American, African 18. -an (n.) 表示人 partisan, publican, artisan 19. -ance (n.) 狀態, 情況, 行為 resistance, guidance, attendance 20. -ancy (n.) 狀態, 情況, 行為 compliancy, constancy 21. -aneity (n.) 性質, 狀態, 情況 spontaneity, instantaneity 22. -aneous (adj.) 屬於……..的 instantaneous, extraneous 23. -ant (adj.) 具有…….性質的 assistant, resistant, attendant 24. -ant (n.) 表示人或物 examinant, servant, coolant 25. -ar (adj.) 如……的 linear, solar, consular, similar www.yipsir.com.hk rapacious, sagacious, vivacious 葉錦熙 15 Suffix Meaning Examples 26. -ar (n.) 表示人或物 scholar, beggar, cellar, altar 27. -ard (n.) 表示人 (眨) dullard, dotard, coward, wizard 28. -arian (n.) 表示人,………主義 antiquarian, humanitarian 29. -arium (n.) 場所, 地點 planetarium, 30. -ary (adj.) 屬於……的 secondary, elementary, honorary 31. -ary (n.) 表示場所, 人或物 rosary, notary, dictionary 32. -ast (n.) 表示人 gymnast, encomiast, scholiast 33. -aster (n.) 表示人 (眨) poetaster, medicaster 34. -ate (v.) 造成, 做…..事 orientate, maturate, luxuriate 35. -ate (adj.) 具有……..的 lineate, roseate, private 36. -ate (n.) 表示人,職位 graduate, electorate 37. -atic (adj.) 具有………..的 thematic, axiomatic, problematic 38. -ation (n.) 行為, 結果 interpretation, information 39. -ative (adj.) 與………有關 talkative, fixative, formative 40. -ator (n.) 做….工作的人或物 designator, comparator 41. -atory (adj.) 具有……..的 excitatory, explanatory, 42. -atory (n.) 場所, 地點 observatory, laboratory, 43. -ce (adv.) 自………, 從…….. once, twice, thrice, hence, whence 44. -cy (n.) 性質, 狀態 normalcy, colonelcy, idiocy 45. -dom (n.) 情況, 領域, …….界 freedom, wisdom, kingdom, 46. -ean (adj.) 屬於………的 gigantean, adamantean 47. -ed (adj.) 有….的, …..了的 colored, booted, failed, returned 48. -ee (n.) 表示人或物 employee, meetee, coatee 49. -eer (n.) 從事某種職業的人 weaponeer, volunteer www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 ovarium 16 Suffixes – Less common Suffix Meaning Examples 50. -el (n.) 表示小,人,物,場所 runnel, personnel, roundel, hotel 51. -en (v.) 使變成…… shorten , deepen, richen 52. -en (adj.) 似…….的 wooden ,leaden , golden 53. -en (n.) 表示人或小稱 warden , maiden , kitten 54. -ence (n.) 性質, 狀態, 行為 existence, insistence, difference 55. -ency (n.) 性質, 狀態, 行為 urgency, insistency, innocency 56. -end (n.) 數學術語 dividend , errand, addend 57. -enne(n.) 女性 comedienne, tragedienne 58. -ent (adj.) 關於…..的 existent, insistent, emergent, 59. -ent (n.) 表示人或物 student, president, corrodent 60. -eous (adj.) 關於……的 righteous, beauteous, gaseous 61. -er (n.) 表示人或物 islander, hatter, singer, boiler 62. -er (v.) 動作 waver, batter, chatter, patter 63. -ern (adj.) 方向的 eastern , southern , western 64. -ern (n.) 場所, 地點 saltern, cavern, lectern 65. -ery (n.) 場所, 行為, 行業 printery, robbery, fishery 66. -ese (adj./n.) 某地的, 某地的人和語言 Chinese, Japanese, Cantonese 67. -ese (n.) 某派的文體或語言 computerese, translationese 68. -esque (adj.) 如……的 picturesque, robotesque 69. -ess (n.) 女性或雌性 poetess, mayoress, lioness 70. -est (adj./adv.) 最…….. smallest, largest, hardest 71. -et (n.) 小 floweret, lionet, eaglet 72. -eth (adj./n.) 第…….十 thirtieth, sixtieth, fortieth 73. -etic (adj.) 關於…….的 theoretic, energetic, uretic 74. -ette (n.) 小, 女性, 仿造物 roomette, typette, rosette 75. -ety (n.) 性質, 狀態, 情況 gayety, anxiety, propriety 76. -eur (n.) 人 amateur, farceur, saboteur 77. -faction (n.) 情況, 狀態, 行為 satisfaction, stupefaction 78. -fic (adj.) 產生………的 colorific, honorific, pacific 79. -fication (n.) 做………….. pacification, classification 80. -fier (n.) 做…….的人或物 glorifier, pacifier, classifier www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 17 Suffix Meaning Examples 81. -fold (adj./adv.) ………倍 twofold, threefold, manifold 82. -form (adj.) 有……形狀的 gasiform, uniform, cubiform 83. -ful (n.) 充滿時的量 handful, spoonful, houseful 84. -ful (adj.) 富有……..的 useful, hopeful, dreamful 85. -fy (v.) 變成……….. beautify, citify, glorify 86. -hood (n.) 時期, 情況, 狀態 childhood, boyhood, manhood 87. -i (adj./n.) 某國的 Iraki, Yemeni, Bengali 88. -ia (n.) 情況, 狀態 suburbia, battalia, ataxia 89. -ial (adj.) 具有……..的 managerial, adverbial, partial 90. -ian (adj.) 某國/地/人/宗教的 Arabian, Mongolian, Christian 91. -ian (n.) 某種職業,地位的人 grammarian, civilian, comedian 92. -ibility (n.) 易…….性 sensibility, producibility 93. -ible (adj.) 可……的 sensible, resistible, perfectible 94. -ibly (adv.) 可…………地 sensibly, receptibly, resistibly 95. -ic (adj.) ………..的 atomic, electronic, organic 96. -ic (n.) 人, ………學 critic, classic, logic, magic 97. -ical (adj.) ……..的 atomical, typical, organical 98. -ice (n.) 行為, 情況, 人 service, justice, apprentice 99. -ician (n.) 專家或從事某種職業的人 musician, physician, electrician 100. -icity (n.) 性質, 情況, 狀態 simplicity, periodicity, centricity 101. -ics (n.) ……..學 informatics, electronics, politics 102. -id (adj.) 具有……性質的 florid, placid, stupid, placid 103. -ie (n.) 小稱, 與…..有關的人/物 birdie, roomie, oldie, movie 104. -ier (n.) 人, 物 cashier, clothier, barrier, gaselier 105. -ile (adj) 易於…….的 servile, fertile, retractile 106. -ile (n.) 物 missile, automobile, projectile 107. -ility (n.) 性質, 狀態, 情況 servility, agility, mobility 108. -in (n.) 醫學(….素) insulin, toxin, fibrin 109. -ine(adj.) 屬於……的 infantine, nervine, riverine 110. -ine (n.) 女性, 藥物名稱 heroine, libertine, concubine www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 18 Suffix Meaning Examples 111. -ing (n.) 行為, ….學, 總稱 learning, tailoring, clothing 112. -ing (adj.) 正在……的 charging, burning, growing 113. -ion (n.) 行為, 結果, 情況 discussion, election, correction 114. -ior (n.) 人, 屬於……..的 warrior, senior, posterior 115. -ious (adj.) 屬於…….的 laborious, spacious, anxious 116. -ish (adj.) 如……的, 某種程度的, 某國 的 childish, coldish, English 117. -ish (v.) 做……., 致使……. vanish, publish, nourish 118. -ism (n.) …..主義, 宗教, 語言, 風格, 行為, 學術上, …..學,特性, 情 況, 制度, 疾病名 tailism, Lamaism, Turcism, orientalism, criticism, historicism, futurism, humanism, gigantism, multipartism, iodism 119. -ist (n.) 某種主義, 從事某種職業的人 materialist, artist, violinist 120. -ister (n.) 人 palmister, sophister, magister 121. -istic (adj.) 屬於……….的 colouristic, artistic, realistic 122. -it (n.) 人 bandit, hermit 123. -ite (n.) 人 socialite, favorite, bedlamite 124. -ite (adj.) 具有…….性質的 partite, composite, polite 125. -ite (v.) 做………… unite, ignite, expedite 126. -ition (n.) 行為, 情況 supposition, audition 127. -itious (adj.) 有…..性質 suppositious, cementitious 128. -itis (n.) ……..炎 arthritis, carditis, cerebritis 129. -itive (adj.) ………..的 compositive, partitive 130. -itor (n.) 人 competitor, servitor, expositor www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 19 Suffix Meaning Examples 131. -itude (n.) 情況, 性質, 狀態 correctitude, exactitude 132. -ity (n.) 性質, 情況, 狀態 speciality, humanity, popularity 133. -ive (adj.) 有……..作用的 educative, protective, amusive 134. -ive (n.) 人, 物 detective, native, explosive 135. -ivity (n.) 情況, 狀態 selectivity, activity, captivity 136. -ization (n.) 過程, 結果 modernization, realization 137. -ize (v.) 照…..樣子做 organize, popularize, normalize 138. -kin (n.) 小 ladykin, lambkin, manikin 139. -le (v.) 反覆的動作 winkle, joggle 140. -le (n.) 做某個動作時所使用的物品 thimble, spindle, handle 141. -less (adj.) 無……的 homeless, useless, colorless 142. -let (n.) 小 booklet, leaflet, piglet, starlet 143. -like (adj.) 如……..的 dreamlike, childlike, warlike 144. -ling (n.) 小, 具有某種性質的人 birdling, starveling, weakling 145. -ling (adj, adv) 狀態 darkling, sideling 146. -logical (adj.) ……...學的 biological, oceanological 147. -logist (n.) ……….學家 biologist, musicologist 148. -logy (n.) ……….學 biology, zoology, musicology 149. -ly (adj.) 如…..的, 每…….的 friendly, homely, hourly, daily 150. -ly (adv.) 每…….地, 狀態 hourly, namely, truly, greatly 151. -ment (n.) 行為, 物, 組織 movement, pavement, department 152. -most (adj.) 最……的 headmost, inmost, outmost 153. -ness (n.) 性質, 情況, 狀態 greatness, darkness, darkness 154. -nik (n.) …….的人 protestnik, citynik, peacenik 155. -o (n.) 音樂術語, 人, 物 solo, alto, politico, bravo, studio 156. -oid (adj.) 如…….的 humanoid, spheroid, asteroid 157. -on (n.) 人, 物, 物理學名詞 southron, automation, electron 158. -oon (n.) 物 spittoon, cartoon, festoon 159. -or (n.) 人, 物 actor, elector, tractor, conductor 160. -orium (n.) 場所, 地點 auditorium, sanatorium www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 20 Suffix Meaning Examples 161. -ory (adj.) 有…..性質 advisory, dictatory, revisory 162. -ory (n.) 場所, 地點, 物 factory, armory, directory 163. -ose (adj.) …….的 globose, operose, verbose 164. -osity (n.) 性質, 狀態, 情況 curiosity, globosity 165. -ot (n.) 人, 物 patriot, zealot, chariot, carrot 166. -ous (adj.) 有……性質 dangerous, glorious 167. -proof (adj.) 防…..的 fireproof, waterproof, rainproof 168. -ress (n) 女性 actress, waitress, interpretress 169. -ry (n.) 行為, …….學, 場所 banditry, forestry, gentry, pantry 170. -s (adv.) 時間, 地點, 方式, afternoons, outdoors, nights 171. -ship (n.) 情況, 身份, 技能 friendship, kingship, penmanship 172. -sion (n.) 結果, 情況, 性質 expansion, decision, division 173. -some (adj.) 易於……的 gladsome, playsome, fearsome 174. -ster (n.) 人 songster, gamester, mobster 175. -th (n.) 行為, 性質, 狀態 warmth, coolth, growth 176. -tic (adj.) 有….性質的 schematic, operatic, dramatic 177. -tion (n.) 行為, 結果, 狀態 intervention, attention, reduction 178. -trix (n.) 女性 aviatrix, executrix 179. -ture (n.) 行為, 結果 mixture, fixture, armature 180. -ty (n.) 性質, 情況, 狀態 safety, surety, novelty 181. -ual (adj.) ………..的 textual, sexual, spiritual 182. -ular (adj.) 有…….性質的 nodular, jocular, cellular 183. -ule (n.) 小 spherule, cellule, nodule 184. -ulous (adj.) 如……..形狀的 globulous, tubulous, tubulous 185. -um (n.) 場所, 地點 museum, forum, sanctum 186. -uous (adj.) 有……….性質的 conspicuous, sensuous 187. -ure (n.) 行為, 狀態, 情況 closure, disclosure, creature 188. -us (n.) 抽象名詞 quietus, flatus, stratus 189. -ward (adj.) 向………的 downward, upward, outward 190. -wards (adv.) 向…………. downwards, upwards, inwards 191. -ways (adv.) 方式, 狀態 crossways, cornerways, sideways 192. -wise (adv.) 方向, 狀態 crosswise, coastwise, sidewise 193. -y (adj.) 有…….的 rainy, windy, hilly, trusty, clayey 194. -y (n.) 性質, 人, 物, 小稱 soldiery, lefty, towny, doggy 195. -yer (n.) 人 lawyer, bowyer, sawyer - End -! www.yipsir.com.hk 葉錦熙 21
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