WH07_te_ch14_Rev_MOD_s.fm Page 484 Thursday, March 15, 2007 12:12 PM
CHAPTER
14
Quick Study Guide
■
14
For: Self-test with vocabulary practice
Web Code: nba-2661
■ The Allies Fight the Central Powers
Cause and Effect
Long-Term Causes
• Rivalries among European powers
• European alliance system
Immediate Causes
• Austria-Hungary’s annexation of
Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Militarism and arms race
• Nationalist tensions in the Balkans
• Fighting in the Balkans
• Assassination of Archduke
Francis Ferdinand
Allies
Colonial possessions
of Allies
World War I
Long-Term Effects
• Economic impact of war debts
on Europe
• Stronger central governments
Immediate Effects
• Enormous cost in lives
and property
Key Events in the Russian Revolution
Section 5, pp. 477–481
• Revolution in Russia
• Creation of new nations in
Eastern Europe
• German reparations
Key Events of World War I
Section 1, p. 457; Section 2, p. 461,
Section 3, pp. 470–471; Section 4,
pp. 474–475
• Emergence of United States and
Japan as important powers
• Growth of nationalism in colonies
• German loss of overseas colonies
• Balfour Declaration
• League of Nations
■ Key Events in the Russian Revolution
• Rise of fascism
• Increased anti-Semitism
in Germany
• World War II
1914–1917 World War I pressures Russia.
March 1917 March Revolution causes tsar to abdicate; the
provisional government takes power.
November 1917 Bolsheviks under Lenin topple provisional
government (November Revolution).
For additional review, remind
students to refer to the
Reading and Note Taking
Study Guide
Note Taking Study Guide, pp. 148, 150,
152–153, 155, 157
Section Summaries, pp. 149, 151, 154,
156, 158
■
Have students access Web Code nbp2662 for this chapter’s
timeline, which includes expanded
entries and additional events.
■
If students need more instruction on
analyzing timelines have them read
the Skills Handbook, p. SH32.
When students have completed their
study of the chapter, distribute Chapter
Tests A and B.
Central Powers
Colonial possessions
of Central Powers
• Russian mobilization
• German invasion of Belgium
The Allies Fight the Central Powers
Section 1, pp. 455, 458–459; Section 2,
pp. 461, 463–465; Section 3, pp. 470–
471
■
Progress Monitoring Online
■ Causes and Effects of World War I
Have students use the Quick Study
Guide to prepare for this chapter’s
tests. Students may wish to refer to
the following pages as they review:
Causes and Effects of World War I
Section 1, pp. 454–459; Section 4,
pp. 472–476; Section 5, p. 480
■
Quick Study Guide
■ Key Events of World War I
June 1914
Archduke Francis
Ferdinand and his
wife are assassinated
in Sarajevo.
Chapter Events
Global Events
1914
1916
More than two million
soldiers are killed in the
battle of Verdun and
the battle of the Somme.
1915
August 1914
The Panama
Canal opens.
484
1916
January 1915
Japan tries to establish
a protectorate over
China with the
Twenty-One Demands.
Teaching Resources, Unit 4,
pp. 17–22
Solutions for All Learners
L1 Special Needs
For Progress Monitoring Online,
refer students to the Self-test with
vocabulary practice at Web Code
nba-2661.
484
L2 Less Proficient Readers
For students acquiring basic skills:
Adapted Reading and Note Taking
Study Guide
Adapted Note Taking, pp. 148, 150, 152–153, 155,
157
Adapted Summaries, pp. 149, 151, 154, 156, 158
L2 English Language Learners
For Spanish-speaking students:
Spanish Reading and Note Taking
Study Guide
Spanish Note Taking, pp. 148, 150, 152–153, 155, 157
Spanish Summaries, pp. 149, 151, 154, 156, 158
0484_wh09MODte_ch14Rev_s.fm Page 485 Wednesday, May 30, 2007 4:04 PM
■ Cumulative Review
■ Connections To Today
Record the answers to the questions below in your Concept
Connector worksheets.
1.
1.
2.
3.
Conflict Read about the 1814–1815 Congress of Vienna,
which met to decide the fate of Europe after the Napoleonic
wars. Write one paragraph comparing this meeting to the
Paris Peace Conference of 1919 at the end of World War I.
Think about the following:
• key negotiators
• goals
• treatment of the defeated country or countries
• outcomes
The Balkans, 2007
GERMANY
AUSTRIA
ITALY
UKRAIN
SLOVAKIA
SLOVENIA
Revolution Compare the Russian Revolution and the
French Revolution. How were they similar and different?
Create a chart comparing the two revolutions in the
following categories:
• causes
• duration/phases
• leaders
• world reaction
• results
Cooperation The League of Nations, established after
World War I, was an important step toward a new type of
international cooperation. It was intented to maintain peace
so that a conflict like World War I would never happen again.
Conduct research on the League of Nations and write a paragraph summarizing your findings. Consider the following:
• factors that contributed to its establishment
• key goals
• significant accomplishments
• reasons for its ultimate failure
Conflict: The Balkan Powder Keg The formation of
Yugoslavia after World War I fulfilled the dream of a South
Slav state in the Balkans. Yet unrest continued, erupting as
recently as 1999. Conduct research and create a timeline of
major events in the Balkans from 1918 to 2000.
A
MOLDOV
HUNGARY
ROMANIA
CROATIA
BOSNIA &
HERZEGOVINA SERBIA
Kosovo
ALBANIA
MACEDONIA
Conic Projection
0
1. Paragraphs should mention key leaders, goals, treatment of the defeated
countries, and outcomes. Answers
might compare restoring legitimacy to
European monarchs after the Napoleonic wars with the reparations required
of Germany after World War I.
TU RK EY
GREECE
0
Cumulative Review
a
Black Se
BULGARIA
MONTENEGRO
40° N
E
N
E
W
300 mi
S
300 km
M
2.
Tell students that the main concepts for
this chapter are Conflict, Revolution, and
Cooperation, and then ask them to
answer the Cumulative Review questions on this page. Discuss the Connections to Today topics and ask students to
answer the questions that follow.
Genocide: Memory and the Armenian Genocide
The Republic of Turkey still maintains that the deportation of
the Turkish Armenian population during World War I was a
result of civil unrest, not a genocide. Armenian advocacy
groups disagree and wage an ongoing campaign for recognition of the Armenians’ experience as a planned genocide.
Find out where the campaign stands now. Summarize your
findings in an essay.
2. Charts should reflect a thorough understanding of the elements of both revolutions and include social unrest as a
catalyst for both revolutions, the
phases of both revolutions, key leaders,
world reaction, and the different outcomes of each conflict.
3. Responses should include key information about the League of Nations such
as the role of the Paris Peace Conference and the United States, as well as
the idea of collective security.
Connections to Today
April 1917
The United
States joins
the Allies.
November 1918
Armistice with
Germany ends
the war.
1917
1918
1918–1919
A deadly influenza
pandemic sweeps across
the world, killing more
than 20 million people.
April–May 1919
Delegates to the
Paris Peace Conference draft the Treaty
of Versailles.
1919
February 1919
The first PanAfrican Congress
meets in Paris.
2. Findings should include a current summary of the campaign for Armenian
recognition as well as a summary of
Turkey’s position on the issue.
For: Interactive timeline
Web Code: nbp-2662
485
Solutions for All Learners
L1 Special Needs
L2 Less Proficient Readers
Use the following study guide resources to help
students acquiring basic skills:
Adapted Reading and Note Taking
Study Guide
Adapted Concept Connector, pp. 238, 244, 304
1. Timelines should include accurate
information about people and events in
the Balkans through the present and
include the creation of the separate
states, the role of ethnic cleansing, Slobodan Milosevic, and the role of NATO.
L2 English Language Learners
For additional review of this
chapter’s core concepts, remind
students to refer to the
L3
Reading and Note Taking
Study Guide
Concept Connector, pp. 237, 241, 287
Use the following study guide resources to help
Spanish-speaking students:
Spanish Reading and Note Taking
Study Guide
Spanish Concept Connector, pp. 238, 244, 304
485
WH07_te_ch14_Rev_MOD_s.fm Page 486 Thursday, March 8, 2007 3:01 PM
_ _
_
_
g
y,
y
,
Chapter Assessment
Chapter Assessment
Terms, People, and Places
Terms, People, and Places
1. the Dardanelles
4. propaganda
2. stalemate
5. mandates
3. contraband
6. proletariat
Choose the italicized term in parentheses that best completes each sentence.
1. The Allies tried to regain access to (Alsace and Lorraine/the
Dardanelles) in the Battle of Gallipoli.
2. After the first battle of the Marne, the war on the Western
Front turned into a/an (entente/stalemate) until 1918.
3. The British blockade kept both (contraband/conscription) and
goods like food and clothing from reaching Germany.
4. Both sides used (reparations/propaganda) to influence public
opinion as a part of total war.
5. After World War I, parts of the Middle East became (soviets/
mandates) of Britain and France.
6. Lenin wanted to set up a “dictatorship of the (Fourteen
Points/proletariat)” in Russia.
Main Ideas
7. Many of the Great Powers were drawn
into the war because of their alliances.
Germany gave Austria-Hungary a
“blank check” of support. Russia mobilized troops in order to support its ally,
Serbia. France supported Russia
because of its alliance. Britain declared
war on Germany when Germany violated Belgian neutrality.
8. Troops dug miles of trench networks to
protect themselves from fierce enemy
fire. Occasionally, one side would
attack the other. Many people were
killed or wounded for very small gains.
9. Modern weapons were very deadly;
submarines enabled the German navy
to hurt British shipping; zeppelins,
airplanes, and tanks were signs of
warfare to come.
10. the United States; Russia; Russia’s
collapse allowed Germany to concentrate on the Western Front. The entry
of the United States reinforced Allied
positions on the Western Front.
Section 1 (pp. 454–459)
7. How did the alliance system that developed in the early
1900s help cause World War I?
Section 2 (pp. 460–465)
8. Describe trench warfare.
9. How did technology affect the way the war was fought?
Section 3 (pp. 467–471)
10. What nation joined the Allied war effort in 1917? What
nation dropped out of the war in 1918? How did these two
changes affect the war?
Section 4 (pp. 472–476)
11. How did the Treaty of Versailles punish Germany?
Section 5 (pp. 477–483)
12. How did World War I contribute to the collapse of the Russian
monarchy?
13. How did the Bolsheviks take power in Russia?
17. Analyze Visuals How did the poster above appeal to the
emotions of its intended audience?
18. Draw Inferences What do you think Woodrow Wilson
meant by “peace without victory”? Why do you think the
European Allies were unwilling to accept this idea?
19. Make Comparisons In what ways did Soviet communism
conform to the teachings of Marx? In what ways did it differ?
Writing a Cause-and-Effect Essay World War I was a
definitive event of the 1900s. Write an essay in which
you analyze the causes and effects of an event that took
place during the World War I era. Consider using one of the
following topics: Archduke Francis Ferdinand’s assassination
or Russia’s March Revolution.
Prewriting
• Choose the topic listed above that interests you
most, or choose another topic that appeals to
you.
• Consider multiple causes and immediate
and long-term effects of the event you’ve
chosen. Create a cause-and-effect chart to
identify your essay’s most important points.
13. The Bolsheviks took power through an
armed overthrow of the provisional
government in November 1917.
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15. Geography and History What role did geography play in
Germany’s war plans?
16. Synthesize Information Describe how World War I was a
global war.
● Writing About History
12. Millions of Russian soldiers died; the
tsar, away at the front, neglected
domestic affairs; popular discontent
spread after battlefield defeats; and
domestic shortages grew.
14. World War I broke out because of rising international tensions and the
European alliance system. It changed
the nature of warfare and the map of
Europe, and contributed to the downfall of tsarist Russia. Germany took on
a burden of guilt and debt. The
League of Nations was born. Radical
Bolshevik changes turned Russia into
the Soviet Union and transformed the
international landscape.
Critical Thinking
Main Ideas
11. It made Germany take blame for the
war, ordered it to pay heavy reparations, limited the size of its military,
stripped land from its borders, and
took away its overseas colonies.
Chapter Focus Question
Chapter Focus Question
14. What caused World War I and the Russian Revolution, and
what effect did they have on world events?
Drafting
• Develop a thesis and find information to support it.
• Choose an organizational structure for your essay.
• Write an introduction, several body paragraphs, and a
conclusion. State the cause-and-effect relationship you
are focusing on clearly in your introduction, and follow up
your points in the conclusion.
Revising
• As you review your essay, make sure that each body
paragraph supports or develops the cause-and-effect
relationship you laid out in your thesis statement.
• Use the guidelines for revising your essay on page
SH12 of the Writing Handbook.
486
Critical Thinking
15. Germany’s location in between Russia
and France led to a two-front war.
16. It involved people from countries all over
the world. Colonial and dominion soldiers
fought in Europe, and fighting went on in
some colonies as well.
17. Viewers might pity the mother and child,
fueling anger against the Germans who
were blamed for causing such suffering.
18. Wilson did not want the losers punished
or the winners to gain any greater power.
Nations such as France and Britain had
suffered heavily and wanted to be compensated for their losses and remove the
threat of further German attacks.
19. The abolition of private property and
businesses conformed with Marxist
theory, but the rise of the Communist
Party as an elite group violated it.
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WH07MOD_se_CH14_rev_s.fm Page 487
Tuesday,
January 30, 2007
10:44
Document-Based Assessment
Document-Based
Assessment
The United States Enters the War
Document C
The entry of the United States into the war in April 1917 was a
turning point in World War I. The documents below describe different ways that the United States affected the war.
Winston Churchill, who served in Britain’s navy and army during
World War I, wrote about the effect American troops had on their
tired Allies.
Document A
“The impression made upon the hard-pressed French by this
seemingly inexhaustible flood of gleaming youth in its first
maturity of health and vigour was prodigious [amazing]. None
were under twenty, and few were over thirty . . . the French
Headquarters were thrilled with the impulse of new life. . . .
Half trained, half organized, with only their courage, their
numbers and their magnificent youth behind their weapons, they
were to buy their experience at a bitter price. But this they were
quite ready to do.“
Number of troops
American Soldiers Arrive in Europe, 1918
2,400,000
2,000,000
1,600,000
1,200,000
800,000
400,000
0
Jan.
Document D
Mar.
May
July
Sept.
Loans From the United States to Allies
Nov.
Loans (in billions of dollars)
Month in 1918
SOURCE: The First World War: An Eyewitness History, Joe H. Kirchberger
Document B
“British shipping losses, especially since the declaration of unrestricted submarine warfare, had risen dangerously. . . . But the
entry of the United States into the war made the German submarine warfare an evident failure, because thereafter the number of ships convoyed and the number of ships protecting the
convoys was increased steadily. Convoys of ships transporting
food, war materials, and troops arrived safely in Britain, and the
rate of shipping construction soon exceeded the rate of loss.“
■
To help students understand the documents on this page, give them the following TIP: Write down the main
idea of each graph or quote as you
study it.
■
To provide students with further
practice in answering DocumentBased Assessment Questions, go to
Document-Based Assessment,
pp. 80–94
■
If students need more instruction on
analyzing graphic data, have them
read the Skills Handbook, p. SH30.
5
4
3
2
1
0
Britain
France
Country
Italy
SOURCE: The End of the European Era, 1890 to the Present,
Felix Gilbert and David Clay Large
—From The End of the European Era, 1890 to the Present,
by Felix Gilbert and David Clay Large
Analyzing Documents
Use your knowledge of World War I and Documents A, B, C, and D to answer questions 1–4.
1.
How would you describe the arrival of American troops in
Europe in 1918?
A slow at first, but rapid after March
B steady throughout the year
C rapid at first, but slow after March
D No American troops arrived in Europe in 1918.
2.
How did the United States navy help break Germany’s submarine blockade of Britain?
A by completely destroying the German submarine fleet
B by finding new routes around the German submarine fleet
C by strengthening the convoys
D by sending supplies to France rather than Britain
3.
Based on Document C, how did Churchill feel about American
soldiers?
A They were experienced, but had a poor attitude towards
the war.
B They were energetic and willing to fight, although not
experienced.
C They were well-trained and energetic.
D They were neither energetic nor experienced.
4.
Writing Task How did the United States help bring about
the Allied victory in 1918? Use your knowledge of World War I
and specific evidence from the documents to support your
points.
Answers
● Writing About History
As students begin the assignment, refer them to
page SH10 of the Writing Handbook for help in
writing a cause-and-effect essay. Remind them of
the steps they should take to complete their assignment, including prewriting, drafting, and revising.
For help in revising, remind them to use the guidelines on page SH12 of the Writing Handbook.
Students’ cause-and-effect essays should state
the factors that caused the event they’ve written
about and the effects that followed. They should be
organized either in chronological order or order of
relative importance, and should use supporting facts
and details to illustrate causes and effects. For scoring rubrics for writing assignments see Assessment
Rubrics, p. 8.
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. Responses should show a clear understanding of
how the United States’ military contributions,
both on land and on sea, financial support, and
morale boost helped the Allies triumph over the
Central Powers. They also should use specific
evidence from the documents and the chapter to
support their conclusions.
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