ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
Revision: 4.03, Date: 2001-01-14
Abstract
This is an attempt to make an overview of SGML/XML character entities in
ISO 8879:1986 and their LATEX equivalents. It is also a handy reference to the ISO
character entities for non-LATEX users as it shows the visual appearance of the
character entities.
The latest version of this documentation and the source material resides at
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/.
If you find errors or have comments/suggestions of any kind, please email us
[email protected].
Permissions to use, copy, modify and distribute this document for any purpose and
without fee is hereby granted in perpetuity that the copyright notice below and this
paragraph appear in all copies. It is provided “as is” without expressed or implied
warranty.
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Contents
1 General and publishing symbols
1.1 Publishing (pub) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Numeric and special graphic (num) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Box and line drawing (box) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Mathematics and sciences
2.1 General technical (tech) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 Greek symbols (grk3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Alternative greek symbols (grk4) . . . . . . . . .
2.4 Added Math Symbols: Ordinary (amso) . . . . .
2.5 Added Math Symbols: Binary operators (amsb) .
2.6 Added Math Symbols: Relations (amsr) . . . . .
2.7 Added Math Symbols: Negated relations (amsn)
2.8 Added Math Symbols: Arrow Relations (amsa) .
2.9 Added Math Symbols: Delimiters (amsc) . . . .
3
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5
7
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9
9
11
12
13
14
15
18
20
21
3 Latin based alphabets
3.1 Added Latin 1 (lat1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Added Latin 2 (lat2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3 Diacritical marks (dia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
22
24
27
4 Non-Latin based alphabets
4.1 Russian Cyrillic (cyr1) . . .
4.2 Non-Russian Cyrillic (cyr2)
4.3 Greek letters (grk1) . . . .
4.4 Monotoniko Greek (grk2) .
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5 Notes
5.1 Mapping data (ent.xml) . . . . . . . .
5.2 The “Description” column . . . . . . .
5.3 Required LATEX packages and fonts . .
5.4 Characters unavailable to normal PDF
5.5 Displaying Cyrillic characters . . . . .
5.6 Latin 1 encoding . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.7 Numeric and publishing symbols . . .
6 References
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
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35
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
2
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Publishing (iso-pub)
1
1.1
General and publishing symbols
Publishing (pub)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
emsp
ensp
emsp13
emsp14
numsp
puncsp
thinsp
hairsp
mdash
ndash
dash
blank
hellip
nldr
frac13
frac23
frac15
frac25
frac35
frac45
frac16
frac56
incare
block
uhblk
lhblk
blk14
blk12
blk34
marker
cir
squ
\hspace{1em}
\hspace{0.5em}
\hspace{0.33em}
\hspace{0.25em}
\hphantom{0}
\hphantom{,}
\hspace{0.167em}
\hspace{1pt}
---\textvisiblespace
\ldots
\nldr
\sfrac{1}{3}
\sfrac{2}{3}
\sfrac{1}{5}
\sfrac{2}{5}
\sfrac{3}{5}
\sfrac{4}{5}
\sfrac{1}{6}
\sfrac{5}{6}
{^c\!/\!_o}
\block
\uhblk
\lhblk
\textcolor[gray]{.75}{\block}
\textcolor[gray]{.5}{\block}
\textcolor[gray]{.25}{\block}
\marker
\circ
\square
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
local
(math) local
(math) local
(math) local
(math) local
(math) local
(math) local
(math) local
(math) local
(math)
local
local
local
color,local
color,local
color,local
local
(math)
(math) amssymb
=em space
=en space (1/2-em)
=1/3-em space
=1/4-em space
=digit space (width of a number)
=punctuation space (width of comma)
=thin space (1/6-em)
=hair space
=em dash
=en dash
=hyphen (true graphic)
=significant blank symbol
=ellipsis (horizontal)
=double baseline dot (en leader)
=fraction one-third
=fraction two-thirds
=fraction one-fifth
=fraction two-fifths
=fraction three-fifths
=fraction four-fifths
=fraction one-sixth
=fraction five-sixths
=in-care-of symbol
=full block
=upper half block
=lower half block
=25% shaded block
=50% shaded block
=75% shaded block
=histogram marker
/circ B: =circle, open
=square, open
—
–
...
..
1/3
2/3
1/5
2/5
3/5
4/5
1/6
5/6
c
/o
◦
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
3
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Publishing (iso-pub)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
rect
utri
dtri
star
bull
squf
utrif
dtrif
ltrif
rtrif
clubs
diams
hearts
spades
malt
dagger
Dagger
check
cross
sharp
flat
male
female
phone
telrec
copysr
caret
lsquor
ldquor
fflig
filig
fjlig
ffilig
ffllig
fllig
mldr
rdquor
\fbox{~~}
\vartriangle
\triangledown
\ding{73}
\textbullet
\blacksquare
\blacktriangle
\blacktriangledown
\blacktriangleleft
\blacktriangleright
\ding{168}
\ding{169}
\ding{170}
\ding{171}
\maltese
\dag
\ddag
\checkmark
\ding{55}
\sharp
\flat
\male
\female
\phone
\recorder
\textcircledP
\mathchar"1356
,
,,
ff
fi
fj
ffi
ffl
fl
\mldr
‘‘
Glyph
LATEX requirements
M
O
✩
•
N
H
J
I
♣
♦
♥
♠
z
†
‡
X
✗
]
[
♂
♀
(math) amssymb
(math) amssymb
pifont
­
V
,
,,
ff
fi
fj
ffi
ffl
fl
...
“
(math) amssymb
(math) amssymb
(math) amssymb
(math) amssymb
(math) amssymb
pifont
pifont
pifont
pifont
amsfonts
amsfonts
pifont
(math)
(math)
wasysym
wasysym
wasysym
wasysym
textcomp
(math)
local
Description
=rectangle, open
/triangle =up triangle, open
/triangledown =down triangle, open
=star, open
/bullet B: =round bullet, filled
/blacksquare =sq bullet, filled
/blacktriangle =up tri, filled
/blacktriangledown =dn tri, filled
/blacktriangleleft R: =l tri, filled
/blacktriangleright R: =r tri, filled
/clubsuit =club suit symbol
/diamondsuit =diamond suit symbol
/heartsuit =heart suit symbol
/spadesuit =spades suit symbol
/maltese =maltese cross
/dagger B: =dagger
/ddagger B: =double dagger
/checkmark =tick, check mark
=ballot cross
/sharp =musical sharp
/flat =musical flat
=male symbol
=female symbol
=telephone symbol
=telephone recorder symbol
=sound recording copyright sign
=caret (insertion mark)
=rising single quote, left (low)
=rising dbl quote, left (low)
small ff ligature
small fi ligature
small fj ligature
small ffi ligature
small ffl ligature
small fl ligature
em leader
rising dbl quote, right (high)
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
4
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Numeric and special graphic (iso-num)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
rsquor
‘
vellip
hybull
loz
lozf
ltri
rtri
starf
natur
rx
sext
target
dlcrop
\vdots
\hybull
\lozenge
\blacklozenge
\triangleleft
\triangleright
\bigstar
\natural
\textrecipe
\ding{86}
\mathchar"2208
\dlcrop
‘
..
.
drcrop
LATEX requirements
Description
rising single quote, right (high)
(math)
local
(math) amssymb
(math) amssymb
(math)
(math)
(math) amssymb
(math)
textcomp
pifont
(math)
local
vertical ellipsis
rectangle, filled (hyphen bullet)
/lozenge - lozenge or total mark
/blacklozenge - lozenge, filled
/triangleleft B: l triangle, open
/triangleright B: r triangle, open
/bigstar - star, filled
/natural - music natural
pharmaceutical prescription (Rx)
sextile (6-pointed star)
register mark or target
downward left crop mark
\drcrop
local
downward right crop mark
ulcrop
\ulcrop
local
upward left crop mark
urcrop
\urcrop
local
upward right crop mark
1.2
♦
/
.
F
\
“
✶
⊕
Numeric and special graphic (num)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
half
frac12
frac14
frac34
frac18
frac38
frac58
frac78
sup1
sup2
sup3
plus
plusmn
\sfrac{1}{2}
\sfrac{1}{2}
\sfrac{1}{4}
\sfrac{3}{4}
\sfrac{1}{8}
\sfrac{3}{8}
\sfrac{5}{8}
\sfrac{7}{8}
^1
^2
^3
+
\pm
1/2
1/2
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
=fraction one-half
=fraction one-half
=fraction one-quarter
=fraction three-quarters
=fraction one-eighth
=fraction three-eighths
=fraction five-eighths
=fraction seven-eighths
=superscript one
=superscript two
=superscript three
=plus sign
/pm B: =plus-or-minus sign
1/4
3/4
1/8
3/8
5/8
7/8
1
2
3
+
±
local
local
local
local
local
local
local
local
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
5
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Numeric and special graphic (iso-num)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
lt
equals
gt
divide
times
curren
pound
dollar
cent
yen
num
percnt
amp
ast
commat
lsqb
bsol
rsqb
lcub
horbar
verbar
rcub
micro
ohm
deg
ordm
ordf
sect
para
middot
larr
rarr
uarr
darr
copy
reg
trade
\textless
=
\textgreater
\div
\times
\textcurrency
\pounds
\$
\textcent
\textyen
\#
\%
\&
\ast
@
[
\textbackslash
]
\{
--\vert
\}
\textmu
\textohm
\textdegree
\textordmasculine
\textordfeminine
\S
\P
\textperiodcentered
\leftarrow
\rightarrow
\uparrow
\downarrow
\copyright
\textregistered
\texttrademark
<
=
>
÷
×
¤
LATEX requirements
(math)
(math)
(math)
textcomp
£
$
¢
¥
#
%
&
∗
@
[
\
]
{
—
|
}
µ
W
textcomp
textcomp
(math)
(math)
textcomp
textcomp
◦
º
ª
§
¶
·
←
→
↑
↓
c
r
TM
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
Description
=less-than sign R:
=equals sign R:
=greater-than sign R:
/div B: =divide sign
/times B: =multiply sign
=general currency sign
=pound sign
=dollar sign
=cent sign
/yen =yen sign
=number sign
=percent sign
=ampersand
/ast B: =asterisk
=commercial at
/lbrack O: =left square bracket
/backslash =reverse solidus
/rbrack C: =right square bracket
/lbrace O: =left curly bracket
=horizontal bar
/vert =vertical bar
/rbrace C: =right curly bracket
=micro sign
=ohm sign
=degree sign
=ordinal indicator, masculine
=ordinal indicator, feminine
=section sign
=pilcrow (paragraph sign)
/centerdot B: =middle dot
/leftarrow /gets A: =leftward arrow
/rightarrow /to A: =rightward arrow
/uparrow A: =upward arrow
/downarrow A: =downward arrow
=copyright sign
/circledR =registered sign
=trade mark sign
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
6
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Box and line drawing (iso-box)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
brvbar
not
sung
excl
iexcl
quot
apos
lpar
rpar
comma
lowbar
hyphen
period
sol
colon
semi
quest
iquest
laquo
raquo
lsquo
rsquo
ldquo
rdquo
nbsp
shy
\textbrokenbar
\lnot
\textmusicalnote
!
!‘
"
’
(
)
,
\underline{\space\space}
.
/
:
;
?
?‘
\guillemotleft
\guillemotright
‘
’
‘‘
’’
~
\-
¦
textcomp
(math)
textcomp
=broken (vertical) bar
/neg /lnot =not sign
=music note (sung text sign)
=exclamation mark
=inverted exclamation mark
=quotation mark
=apostrophe
O: =left parenthesis
C: =right parenthesis
P: =comma
=low line
=hyphen
=full stop, period
=solidus
/colon P:
=semicolon P:
=question mark
=inverted question mark
=angle quotation mark, left
=angle quotation mark, right
=single quotation mark, left
=single quotation mark, right
=double quotation mark, left
=double quotation mark, right
=no break (required) space
=soft hyphen
1.3
¬
n
!
¡
”
’
(
)
,
.
/
:
;
?
¿
fontenc:T1
fontenc:T1
‘
’
“
”
Box and line drawing (box)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
boxh
boxv
boxur
boxul
boxdl
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
\boxh
local
horizontal line
\boxv
\boxur
\boxul
\boxdl
local
local
local
local
vertical line
upper right quadrant
upper left quadrant
lower left quadrant
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
7
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Box and line drawing (iso-box)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
boxdr
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
\boxdr
local
lower right quadrant
boxvr
boxhu
\boxvr
\boxhu
local
local
upper and lower right quadrants
upper left and right quadrants
boxvl
boxhd
\boxvl
\boxhd
local
local
upper and lower left quadrants
lower left and right quadrants
boxvh
\boxvh
local
all four quadrants
boxvR
boxhU
\boxvR
\boxhU
local
local
upper and lower right quadrants
upper left and right quadrants
boxvL
boxhD
\boxvL
\boxhD
local
local
upper and lower left quadrants
lower left and right quadrants
boxvH
boxH
\boxvH
\boxH
local
local
all four quadrants
horizontal line
boxV
boxUR
boxUL
boxDL
boxDR
\boxV
\boxUR
\boxUL
\boxDL
\boxDR
local
local
local
local
local
vertical line
upper right quadrant
upper left quadrant
lower left quadrant
lower right quadrant
boxVR
boxHU
\boxVR
\boxHU
local
local
upper and lower right quadrants
upper left and right quadrants
boxVL
boxHD
\boxVL
\boxHD
local
local
upper and lower left quadrants
lower left and right quadrants
boxVH
\boxVH
local
all four quadrants
boxVr
boxHu
\boxVr
\boxHu
local
local
upper and lower right quadrants
upper left and right quadrants
boxVl
boxHd
\boxVl
\boxHd
local
local
upper and lower left quadrants
lower left and right quadrants
boxVh
boxuR
boxUl
boxdL
\boxVh
\boxuR
\boxUl
\boxdL
local
local
local
local
all four quadrants
upper right quadrant
upper left quadrant
lower left quadrant
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
8
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
General technical (iso-tech)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
boxDr
boxUr
boxuL
boxDl
boxdR
\boxDr
\boxUr
\boxuL
\boxDl
\boxdR
2
2.1
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
local
local
local
local
local
lower right quadrant
upper right quadrant
upper left quadrant
lower left quadrant
lower right quadrant
Mathematics and sciences
General technical (tech)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
Dot
fnof
Verbar
permil
prime
Prime
tprime
tdot
DotDot
hamilt
lagran
angst
bernou
phmmat
order
aleph
lArr
rArr
iff
forall
part
exist
nabla
isin
\ddot{}
¨
f
f
\Vert
k
\textperthousand
‡
0
^\prime
00
{’’}
000
{’’’}
\ddot{}\kern 3pt\dot{ }
¨˙
\ddot{}\kern4.5pt\ddot{ } ¨¨
H
H
L
L
\AA
Å
B
B
M
M
\mathit{o}
o
\aleph
ℵ
\Leftarrow
⇐
\Rightarrow
⇒
\iff
⇐⇒
\forall
∀
\partial
∂
\exists
∃
\nabla
∇
\in
∈
LATEX requirements
Description
(math)
(math)
(math)
textcomp
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math) mathrsfs
(math) mathrsfs
=dieresis or umlaut mark
=function of (italic small f)
/Vert =dbl vertical bar
=per thousand
/prime =prime or minute
=double prime or second
triple prime
three dots above
four dots above
Hamiltonian (script capital H)
Lagrangian (script capital L)
Angstrom =capital A, ring
Bernoulli function (script capital B)
physics M-matrix (script capital M)
order of (script small o)
/aleph =aleph, Hebrew
/Leftarrow A: =is implied by
/Rightarrow A: =implies
/iff =if and only if
/forall =for all
/partial =partial differential
/exists =at least one exists
/nabla =del, Hamilton operator
/in R: =set membership
(math) mathrsfs
(math) mathrsfs
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
9
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
General technical (iso-tech)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
notin
ni
minus
mnplus
lowast
compfn
radic
prop
infin
ang90
angsph
par
and
or
cap
cup
int
conint
there4
becaus
sim
sime
cong
ap
wedgeq
ne
equiv
le
ge
sub
sup
sube
supe
bottom
perp
square
\not\in
\ni
\mp
_\ast
\circ
\surd
\propto
\infty
\sqangle
\sphericalangle
\parallel
\wedge
\vee
\cap
\cup
\int
\oint
\therefore
\because
\sim
\simeq
\cong
\approx
\stackrel{\wedge}{=}
\not=
\equiv
\leq
\geq
\subset
\supset
\subseteq
\supseteq
\bot
\perp
\square
6∈
3
−
∓
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
N: negated set membership
/ni /owns R: =contains
B: =minus sign
/mp B: =minus-or-plus sign
low asterisk
B: composite function (small circle)
/surd =radical
/propto R: =is proportional to
/infty =infinity
=right (90 degree) angle
/sphericalangle =angle-spherical
/parallel R: =parallel
/wedge /land B: =logical and
/vee /lor B: =logical or
/cap B: =intersection
/cup B: =union or logical sum
/int L: =integral operator
/oint L: =contour integral operator
/therefore R: =therefore
/because R: =because
/sim R: =similar
/simeq R: =similar, equals
/cong R: =congruent with
/approx R: =approximate
R: corresponds to (wedge, equals)
/ne /neq R: =not equal
/equiv R: =identical with
/leq /le R: =less-than-or-equal
/geq /ge R: =greater-than-or-equal
/subset R: =subset or is implied by
/supset R: =superset or implies
/subseteq R: =subset, equals
/supseteq R: =superset, equals
/bot B: =perpendicular
/perp R: =perpendicular
/square B: =square
∗
◦
√
∝
∞
^
k
∧
∨
∩
∪
R
H
∴
∵
∼
'
∼
=
≈
∧
=
6
=
≡
≤
≥
⊂
⊃
⊆
⊇
⊥
⊥
local
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
10
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Greek symbols (iso-grk3)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
lang
rang
\langle
\rangle
h
i
(math)
(math)
/langle O: =left angle bracket
/rangle C: =right angle bracket
2.2
Greek symbols (grk3)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
alpha
beta
gamma
Gamma
gammad
delta
Delta
epsi
epsiv
epsis
zeta
eta
thetas
Theta
thetav
iota
kappa
kappav
lambda
Lambda
mu
nu
xi
Xi
pi
piv
Pi
rho
rhov
\alpha
\beta
\gamma
\Gamma
\digamma
\delta
\Delta
\epsilon
\varepsilon
\epsilon
\zeta
\eta
\theta
\Theta
\vartheta
\iota
\kappa
\varkappa
\lambda
\Lambda
\mu
\nu
\xi
\Xi
\pi
\varpi
\Pi
\rho
\varrho
α
β
γ
Γ
z
δ
∆
ε
ζ
η
θ
Θ
ϑ
ι
κ
κ
λ
Λ
µ
ν
ξ
Ξ
π
$
Π
ρ
%
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math) amssymb
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math) amssymb
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
=small alpha, Greek
=small beta, Greek
=small gamma, Greek
=capital Gamma, Greek
/digamma
=small delta, Greek
=capital Delta, Greek
=small epsilon, Greek
/varepsilon
/straightepsilon
=small zeta, Greek
=small eta, Greek
straight theta
=capital Theta, Greek
/vartheta - curly or open theta
=small iota, Greek
=small kappa, Greek
/varkappa
=small lambda, Greek
=capital Lambda, Greek
=small mu, Greek
=small nu, Greek
=small xi, Greek
=capital Xi, Greek
=small pi, Greek
/varpi
=capital Pi, Greek
=small rho, Greek
/varrho
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
11
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Alternative greek symbols (iso-grk4)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
sigma
Sigma
sigmav
tau
upsi
Upsi
phis
Phi
phiv
chi
psi
Psi
omega
Omega
\sigma
\Sigma
\varsigma
\tau
\upsilon
\Upsilon
\phi
\Phi
\varphi
\chi
\psi
\Psi
\omega
\Omega
σ
Σ
ς
τ
υ
Υ
φ
Φ
ϕ
χ
ψ
Ψ
ω
Ω
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
=small sigma, Greek
=capital Sigma, Greek
/varsigma
=small tau, Greek
=small upsilon, Greek
=capital Upsilon, Greek
/straightphi - straight phi
=capital Phi, Greek
/varphi - curly or open phi
=small chi, Greek
=small psi, Greek
=capital Psi, Greek
=small omega, Greek
=capital Omega, Greek
2.3
Alternative greek symbols (grk4)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
b.alpha
b.beta
b.gamma
b.Gamma
b.gammad
b.delta
b.Delta
b.epsi
b.epsiv
b.epsis
b.zeta
b.eta
b.thetas
b.Theta
b.thetav
b.iota
b.kappa
\alpha
\beta
\gamma
\Gamma
\digamma
\delta
\Delta
\epsilon
\varepsilon
\epsilon
\zeta
\eta
\theta
\Theta
\vartheta
\iota
\kappa
α
β
γ
Γ
z
δ
∆
ε
ζ
η
θ
Θ
ϑ
ι
κ
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
=small alpha, Greek
=small beta, Greek
=small gamma, Greek
=capital Gamma, Greek
/digamma
=small delta, Greek
=capital Delta, Greek
=small epsilon, Greek
/varepsilon
/straightepsilon
=small zeta, Greek
=small eta, Greek
straight theta
=capital Theta, Greek
/vartheta - curly or open theta
=small iota, Greek
=small kappa, Greek
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy,amssymb
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
12
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Added Math Symbols: Ordinary (iso-amso)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
b.kappav
b.lambda
b.Lambda
b.mu
b.nu
b.xi
b.Xi
b.pi
b.Pi
b.piv
b.rho
b.rhov
b.sigma
b.Sigma
b.sigmav
b.tau
b.upsi
b.Upsi
b.phis
b.Phi
b.phiv
b.chi
b.psi
b.Psi
b.omega
b.Omega
\varkappa
\lambda
\Lambda
\mu
\nu
\xi
\Xi
\pi
\Pi
\varpi
\rho
\varrho
\sigma
\Sigma
\varsigma
\tau
\upsilon
\Upsilon
\phi
\Phi
\varphi
\chi
\psi
\Psi
\omega
\Omega
κ
λ
Λ
µ
ν
ξ
Ξ
π
Π
$
ρ
%
σ
Σ
ς
τ
υ
Υ
φ
Φ
ϕ
χ
ψ
Ψ
ω
Ω
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
/varkappa
=small lambda, Greek
=capital Lambda, Greek
=small mu, Greek
=small nu, Greek
=small xi, Greek
=capital Xi, Greek
=small pi, Greek
=capital Pi, Greek
/varpi
=small rho, Greek
/varrho
=small sigma, Greek
=capital Sigma, Greek
/varsigma
=small tau, Greek
=small upsilon, Greek
=capital Upsilon, Greek
/straightphi - straight phi
=capital Phi, Greek
/varphi - curly or open phi
=small chi, Greek
=small psi, Greek
=capital Psi, Greek
=small omega, Greek
=capital Omega, Greek
2.4
amsbsy,amssymb
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
amsbsy
Added Math Symbols: Ordinary (amso)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
ang
angmsd
beth
bprime
comp
\angle
\measuredangle
\beth
^\backprime
\complement
∠
]
i
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
/angle - angle
/measuredangle - angle-measured
/beth - beth, Hebrew
/backprime - reverse prime
/complement - complement sign
8
{
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
13
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Added Math Symbols: Binary operators (iso-amsb)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
daleth
ell
empty
gimel
image
inodot
jnodot
nexist
oS
planck
real
sbsol
vprime
weierp
\daleth
\ell
\emptyset
\gimel
\Im
\imath
\jmath
\nexists
\circledS
\hbar
\Re
\smallsetminus
{’}
\wp
k
`
∅
‫ג‬
=
ı

@
s
~
<
r
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
/daleth - daleth, Hebrew
/ell - cursive small l
/emptyset /varnothing =small o, slash
/gimel - gimel, Hebrew
/Im - imaginary
/imath =small i, no dot
/jmath - small j, no dot
/nexists - negated exists
/circledS - capital S in circle
/hbar /hslash - Planck’s over 2pi
/Re - real
/sbs - short reverse solidus
/varprime - prime, variant
/wp - Weierstrass p
2.5
0
℘
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
Added Math Symbols: Binary operators (amsb)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
amalg
Barwed
barwed
Cap
Cup
cuvee
cuwed
diam
divonx
intcal
lthree
ltimes
minusb
oast
ocir
odash
odot
\amalg
\doublebarwedge
\barwedge
\Cap
\Cup
\curlyvee
\curlywedge
\diamond
\divideontimes
\intercal
\leftthreetimes
\ltimes
\boxminus
\circledast
\circledcirc
\circleddash
\odot
q
[
Z
e
d
g
f
>
|
h
n
~
}

(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
/amalg B: amalgamation or coproduct
/doublebarwedge B: log and, dbl bar
/barwedge B: logical and, bar above
/Cap /doublecap B: dbl intersection
/Cup /doublecup B: dbl union
/curlyvee B: curly logical or
/curlywedge B: curly logical and
/diamond B: open diamond
/divideontimes B: division on times
/intercal B: intercal
/leftthreetimes B:
/ltimes B: times sign, left closed
/boxminus B: minus sign in box
/circledast B: asterisk in circle
/circledcirc B: open dot in circle
/circleddash B: hyphen in circle
/odot B: middle dot in circle
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
14
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Added Math Symbols: Relations (iso-amsr)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
ominus
oplus
osol
otimes
plusb
plusdo
rthree
rtimes
sdot
sdotb
setmn
sqcap
sqcup
ssetmn
sstarf
timesb
top
uplus
wreath
xcirc
xdtri
xutri
coprod
prod
sum
\ominus
\oplus
\oslash
\otimes
\boxplus
\dotplus
\rightthreetimes
\rtimes
\cdot
\boxdot
\setminus
\sqcap
\sqcup
\smallsetminus
\star
\boxtimes
\top
\uplus
\wr
\bigcirc
\bigtriangledown
\bigtriangleup
\coprod
\prod
\sum
⊕
⊗
u
i
o
·
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
/ominus B: minus sign in circle
/oplus B: plus sign in circle
/oslash B: solidus in circle
/otimes B: multiply sign in circle
/boxplus B: plus sign in box
/dotplus B: plus sign, dot above
/rightthreetimes B:
/rtimes B: times sign, right closed
/cdot B: small middle dot
/dotsquare /boxdot B: small dot in box
/setminus B: reverse solidus
/sqcap B: square intersection
/sqcup B: square union
/smallsetminus B: sm reverse solidus
/star B: small star, filled
/boxtimes B: multiply sign in box
/top B: inverted perpendicular
/uplus B: plus sign in union
/wr B: wreath product
/bigcirc B: large circle
/bigtriangledown B: big dn tri, open
/bigtriangleup B: big up tri, open
/coprod L: coproduct operator
/prod L: product operator
/sum L: summation operator
2.6
\
u
t
r
?
>
]
o
5
4
`
Q
P
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
Added Math Symbols: Relations (amsr)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
ape
asymp
bcong
bepsi
bowtie
bsim
\approxeq
\asymp
\backcong
\backepsilon
\bowtie
\backsim
u
v
=

./
v
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
/approxeq R: approximate, equals
/asymp R: asymptotically equal to
/backcong R: reverse congruent
/backepsilon R: such that
/bowtie R:
/backsim R: reverse similar
amssymb
amssymb,local
amssymb
amssymb
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
15
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Added Math Symbols: Relations (iso-amsr)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
bsime
bump
bumpe
cire
colone
cuepr
cuesc
cupre
dashv
ecir
ecolon
eDot
esdot
efDot
egs
els
erDot
fork
frown
gap
gsdot
gE
gel
gEl
ges
Gg
gl
gsim
Gt
lap
ldot
lE
lEg
leg
les
lg
\backsimeq
\Bumpeq
\bumpeq
\circeq
:=
\curlyeqprec
\curlyeqsucc
\preccurlyeq
\dashv
\eqcirc
=:
\doteqdot
\doteq
\fallingdotseq
\eqslantgtr
\eqslantless
\risingdotseq
\pitchfork
\frown
\gtrapprox
\gtrdot
\geqq
\gtreqless
\gtreqqless
\geqslant
\ggg
\gtrless
\gtrsim
\gg
\lessapprox
\lessdot
\leqq
\lesseqqgtr
\lesseqgtr
\leqslant
\lessgtr
w
m
l
$
:=
2
3
4
a
P
=:
+
.
=
;
1
0
:
t
_
'
m
=
R
T
>
≫
≷
&
/
l
5
S
Q
6
≶
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
/backsimeq R: reverse similar, eq
/Bumpeq R: bumpy equals
/bumpeq R: bumpy equals, equals
/circeq R: circle, equals
/coloneq R: colon, equals
/curlyeqprec R: curly eq, precedes
/curlyeqsucc R: curly eq, succeeds
/curlypreceq R: curly precedes, eq
/dashv R: dash, vertical
/eqcirc R: circle on equals sign
/eqcolon R: equals, colon
/doteqdot /Doteq R: eq, even dots
/doteq R: equals, single dot above
/fallingdotseq R: eq, falling dots
/eqslantgtr R: equal-or-gtr, slanted
/eqslantless R: eq-or-less, slanted
/risingdotseq R: eq, rising dots
/pitchfork R: pitchfork
/frown R: down curve
/gtrapprox R: greater, approximate
/gtrdot R: greater than, single dot
/geqq R: greater, double equals
/gtreqless R: greater, equals, less
/gtreqqless R: gt, dbl equals, less
/geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted
/ggg /Gg /gggtr R: triple gtr-than
/gtrless R: greater, less
/gtrsim R: greater, similar
/gg R: dbl greater-than sign
/lessapprox R: less, approximate
/lessdot R: less than, with dot
/leqq R: less, double equals
/lesseqqgtr R: less, dbl eq, greater
/lesseqgtr R: less, eq, greater
/leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant
/lessgtr R: less, greater
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
16
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Added Math Symbols: Relations (iso-amsr)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
Ll
lsim
Lt
ltrie
mid
models
pr
prap
pre
prsim
rtrie
samalg
sc
scap
sccue
sce
scsim
sfrown
smid
smile
spar
sqsub
sqsube
sqsup
sqsupe
ssmile
Sub
subE
Sup
supE
thkap
thksim
trie
twixt
vdash
Vdash
vDash
\lll
\lesssim
\ll
\trianglelefteq
\mid
\models
\prec
\precapprox
\preceq
\precsim
\trianglerighteq
\amalg
\succ
\succapprox
\succcurlyeq
\succeq
\succsim
\smallfrown
\shortmid
\smile
\shortparallel
\sqsubset
\sqsubseteq
\sqsupset
\sqsupseteq
\smallsmile
\Subset
\subseteqq
\Supset
\supseteqq
\thickapprox
\thicksim
\triangleq
\between
\vdash
\Vdash
\vDash
≪
.
E
|
|=
≺
w
D
q
v
<
%
a
p
^
q
<
v
=
w
`
b
j
c
k
≈
∼
,
G
`
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
/Ll /lll /llless R: triple less-than
/lesssim R: less, similar
/ll R: double less-than sign
/trianglelefteq R: left triangle, eq
/mid R:
/models R:
/prec R: precedes
/precapprox R: precedes, approximate
/preceq R: precedes, equals
/precsim R: precedes, similar
/trianglerighteq R: right tri, eq
/smallamalg R: small amalg
/succ R: succeeds
/succapprox R: succeeds, approximate
/succcurlyeq R: succeeds, curly eq
/succeq R: succeeds, equals
/succsim R: succeeds, similar
/smallfrown R: small down curve
/shortmid R:
/smile R: up curve
/shortparallel R: short parallel
/sqsubset R: square subset
/sqsubseteq R: square subset, equals
/sqsupset R: square superset
/sqsupseteq R: square superset, eq
/smallsmile R: small up curve
/Subset R: double subset
/subseteqq R: subset, dbl equals
/Supset R: dbl superset
/supseteqq R: superset, dbl equals
/thickapprox R: thick approximate
/thicksim R: thick similar
/triangleq R: triangle, equals
/between R: between
/vdash R: vertical, dash
/Vdash R: dbl vertical, dash
/vDash R: vertical, dbl dash
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
17
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Added Math Symbols: Negated relations (iso-amsn)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
veebar
vltri
vprop
vrtri
Vvdash
\veebar
\vartriangleleft
\varpropto
\vartriangleright
\Vvdash
Y
C
∝
B
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
/veebar R: logical or, bar below
/vartriangleleft R: l tri, open, var
/varpropto R: proportional, variant
/vartriangleright R: r tri, open, var
/Vvdash R: triple vertical, dash
2.7
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
Added Math Symbols: Negated relations (amsn)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
gnap
gne
gnE
gnsim
gvnE
lnap
lnE
lne
lnsim
lvnE
nap
ncong
nequiv
ngE
nge
nges
ngt
nle
nlE
nles
nlt
nltri
nltrie
nmid
npar
npr
\gnapprox
\gneq
\gneqq
\gnsim
\gvertneqq
\lnapprox
\lneqq
\lneq
\lnsim
\lvertneqq
\not\approx
\not\cong
\not\equiv
\ngeqq
\not\geq
\ngeqslant
\not>
\not\leq
\nleqq
\nleqslant
\not<
\ntriangleleft
\ntrianglelefteq
\nmid
\nparallel
\not\prec
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
/gnapprox N: greater, not approximate
/gneq N: greater, not equals
/gneqq N: greater, not dbl equals
/gnsim N: greater, not similar
/gvertneqq N: gt, vert, not dbl eq
/lnapprox N: less, not approximate
/lneqq N: less, not double equals
/lneq N: less, not equals
/lnsim N: less, not similar
/lvertneqq N: less, vert, not dbl eq
/napprox N: not approximate
/ncong N: not congruent with
/nequiv N: not identical with
/ngeqq N: not greater, dbl equals
/ngeq N: not greater-than-or-equal
/ngeqslant N: not gt-or-eq, slanted
/ngtr N: not greater-than
/nleq N: not less-than-or-equal
/nleqq N: not less, dbl equals
/nleqslant N: not less-or-eq, slant
/nless N: not less-than
/ntriangleleft N: not left triangle
/ntrianglelefteq N: not l tri, eq
/nmid
/nparallel N: not parallel
/nprec N: not precedes
6≈
∼
6=
6≡
6
≥
6
>
6
≤
6
<
6
5
∦
6
≺
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
18
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Added Math Symbols: Negated relations (iso-amsn)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
npre
nrtri
nrtrie
nsc
nsce
nsim
nsime
nsmid
nspar
nsub
nsube
nsubE
nsup
nsupE
nsupe
nvdash
nvDash
nVDash
nVdash
prnap
prnE
prnsim
scnap
scnE
scnsim
subne
subnE
supne
supnE
vsubnE
vsubne
vsupne
vsupnE
\not\preceq
\ntriangleright
\ntrianglerighteq
\not\succ
\not\succeq
\not\sim
\not\simeq
\nshortmid
\nshortparallel
\not\subset
\not\subseteq
\nsubseteqq
\not\supset
\nsupseteqq
\not\supseteq
\nvdash
\nvDash
\nVDash
\nVdash
\precnapprox
\precneqq
\precnsim
\succnapprox
\succneqq
\succnsim
\subsetneq
\subsetneqq
\supsetneq
\supsetneqq
\varsubsetneqq
\varsubsetneq
\varsupsetneq
\varsupsetneqq
6
7
4
6
6
6
∼
6
'
.
/
6
⊂
6
⊆
"
6
⊃
#
6
⊇
0
2
3
1
(
$
)
%
&
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
/npreceq N: not precedes, equals
/ntriangleright N: not rt triangle
/ntrianglerighteq N: not r tri, eq
/nsucc N: not succeeds
/nsucceq N: not succeeds, equals
/nsim N: not similar
/nsimeq N: not similar, equals
/nshortmid
/nshortparallel N: not short par
/nsubset N: not subset
/nsubseteq N: not subset, equals
/nsubseteqq N: not subset, dbl eq
/nsupset N: not superset
/nsupseteqq N: not superset, dbl eq
/nsupseteq N: not superset, equals
/nvdash N: not vertical, dash
/nvDash N: not vertical, dbl dash
/nVDash N: not dbl vert, dbl dash
/nVdash N: not dbl vertical, dash
/precnapprox N: precedes, not approx
/precneqq N: precedes, not dbl eq
/precnsim N: precedes, not similar
/succnapprox N: succeeds, not approx
/succneqq N: succeeds, not dbl eq
/succnsim N: succeeds, not similar
/subsetneq N: subset, not equals
/subsetneqq N: subset, not dbl eq
/supsetneq N: superset, not equals
/supsetneqq N: superset, not dbl eq
/subsetneqq N: subset not dbl eq, var
/subsetneq N: subset, not eq, var
/supsetneq N: superset, not eq, var
/supsetneqq N: super not dbl eq, var
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
!
'
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
19
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Added Math Symbols: Arrow Relations (iso-amsa)
2.8
Added Math Symbols: Arrow Relations (amsa)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
cularr
curarr
dArr
darr2
dharl
dharr
lAarr
Larr
larr2
larrhk
larrlp
larrtl
lhard
lharu
hArr
harr
lrarr2
rlarr2
harrw
rlhar2
lrhar2
lsh
map
mumap
nearr
nlArr
nlarr
nhArr
nharr
nrarr
nrArr
nwarr
olarr
orarr
\curvearrowleft
\curvearrowright
\Downarrow
\downdownarrows
\downharpoonleft
\downharpoonright
\Lleftarrow
\twoheadleftarrow
\leftleftarrows
\hookleftarrow
\looparrowleft
\leftarrowtail
\leftharpoondown
\leftharpoonup
\Leftrightarrow
\leftrightarrow
\leftrightarrows
\rightleftarrows
\leftrightsquigarrow
\rightleftharpoons
\leftrightharpoons
\Lsh
\mapsto
\multimap
\nearrow
\nLeftarrow
\nleftarrow
\nLeftrightarrow
\nleftrightarrow
\nrightarrow
\nRightarrow
\nwarrow
\circlearrowleft
\circlearrowright
x
y
⇓
W
⇔
←"
)
(
⇔
↔
!
7
→
(
%
:
8
<
=
9
;
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
/curvearrowleft A: left curved arrow
/curvearrowright A: rt curved arrow
/Downarrow A: down dbl arrow
/downdownarrows A: two down arrows
/downleftharpoon A: dn harpoon-left
/downrightharpoon A: down harpoon-rt
/Lleftarrow A: left triple arrow
/twoheadleftarrow A:
/leftleftarrows A: two left arrows
/hookleftarrow A: left arrow-hooked
/looparrowleft A: left arrow-looped
/leftarrowtail A: left arrow-tailed
/leftharpoondown A: l harpoon-down
/leftharpoonup A: left harpoon-up
/Leftrightarrow A: l&r dbl arrow
/leftrightarrow A: l&r arrow
/leftrightarrows A: l arr over r arr
/rightleftarrows A: r arr over l arr
/leftrightsquigarrow A: l&r arr-wavy
/rightleftharpoons A: r harp over l
/leftrightharpoons A: l harp over r
/Lsh A:
/mapsto A:
/multimap A:
/nearrow A: NE pointing arrow
/nLeftarrow A: not implied by
/nleftarrow A: not left arrow
/nLeftrightarrow A: not l&r dbl arr
/nleftrightarrow A: not l&r arrow
/nrightarrow A: not right arrow
/nRightarrow A: not implies
/nwarrow A: NW pointing arrow
/circlearrowleft A: l arr in circle
/circlearrowright A: r arr in circle
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
20
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Added Math Symbols: Delimiters (iso-amsc)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
rAarr
Rarr
rarr2
rarrhk
rarrlp
rarrtl
rarrw
rhard
rharu
rsh
drarr
dlarr
uArr
uarr2
vArr
varr
uharl
uharr
xlArr
xhArr
xharr
xrArr
\Rrightarrow
\twoheadrightarrow
\rightrightarrows
\hookrightarrow
\looparrowright
\rightarrowtail
\rightsquigarrow
\rightharpoondown
\rightharpoonup
\Rsh
\searrow
\swarrow
\Uparrow
\upuparrows
\Updownarrow
\updownarrow
\upharpoonleft
\upharpoonright
\Longleftarrow
\Longleftrightarrow
\longleftrightarrow
\Longrightarrow
V
⇒
,→
#
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
/Rrightarrow A: right triple arrow
/twoheadrightarrow A:
/rightrightarrows A: two rt arrows
/hookrightarrow A: rt arrow-hooked
/looparrowright A: rt arrow-looped
/rightarrowtail A: rt arrow-tailed
/squigarrowright A: rt arrow-wavy
/rightharpoondown A: rt harpoon-down
/rightharpoonup A: rt harpoon-up
/Rsh A:
/searrow A: downward rt arrow
/swarrow A: downward l arrow
/Uparrow A: up dbl arrow
/upuparrows A: two up arrows
/Updownarrow A: up&down dbl arrow
/updownarrow A: up&down arrow
/upleftharpoon A: up harpoon-left
/uprightharpoon A: up harp-r
/Longleftarrow A: long l dbl arrow
/Longleftrightarrow A: long l&r dbl arr
/longleftrightarrow A: long l&r arr
/Longrightarrow A: long rt dbl arr
2.9
+
*
&
.
⇑
m
l
⇐=
⇐⇒
←→
=⇒
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
amssymb
Added Math Symbols: Delimiters (amsc)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
rceil
rfloor
rpargt
urcorn
drcorn
lceil
lfloor
lpargt
ulcorn
dlcorn
\rceil
\rfloor
\rlap{$>$}\,)
\urcorner
\lrcorner
\lceil
\lfloor
\rlap{$>$}\,(
\ulcorner
\llcorner
e
c
>
)
q
y
d
b
>
(
p
x
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
(math)
/rceil C: right ceiling
/rfloor C: right floor
/rightparengtr C: right paren, gt
/urcorner C: upper right corner
/lrcorner C: downward right corner
/lceil O: left ceiling
/lfloor O: left floor
/leftparengtr O: left parenthesis, gt
/ulcorner O: upper left corner
/llcorner O: downward left corner
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
amsfonts
amsfonts
amsfonts
amsfonts
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
21
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Added Latin 1 (iso-lat1)
3
3.1
Latin based alphabets
Added Latin 1 (lat1)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
aacute
Aacute
acirc
Acirc
agrave
Agrave
aring
Aring
atilde
Atilde
auml
Auml
aelig
AElig
ccedil
Ccedil
eth
ETH
eacute
Eacute
ecirc
Ecirc
egrave
Egrave
euml
Euml
iacute
Iacute
icirc
Icirc
igrave
\’{a}
\’{A}
\^{a}
\^{A}
\‘{a}
\‘{A}
\aa
\AA
\~{a}
\~{A}
\"{a}
\"{A}
\ae
\AE
\c{c}
\c{C}
\dh
\DH
\’{e}
\’{E}
\^{e}
\^{E}
\‘{e}
\‘{E}
\"{e}
\"{E}
\’{\i}
\’{I}
\^{\i}
\^{I}
\‘{\i}
á
Á
â
Â
à
À
å
Å
ã
Ã
ä
Ä
æ
Æ
ç
Ç
ð
Ð
é
É
ê
Ê
è
È
ë
Ë
ı́
Í
ı̂
Î
ı̀
LATEX requirements
fontenc:T1
fontenc:T1
Description
=small a, acute accent
=capital A, acute accent
=small a, circumflex accent
=capital A, circumflex accent
=small a, grave accent
=capital A, grave accent
=small a, ring
=capital A, ring
=small a, tilde
=capital A, tilde
=small a, dieresis or umlaut mark
=capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark
=small ae diphthong (ligature)
=capital AE diphthong (ligature)
=small c, cedilla
=capital C, cedilla
=small eth, Icelandic
=capital Eth, Icelandic
=small e, acute accent
=capital E, acute accent
=small e, circumflex accent
=capital E, circumflex accent
=small e, grave accent
=capital E, grave accent
=small e, dieresis or umlaut mark
=capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark
=small i, acute accent
=capital I, acute accent
=small i, circumflex accent
=capital I, circumflex accent
=small i, grave accent
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
22
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Added Latin 1 (iso-lat1)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
Igrave
iuml
Iuml
ntilde
Ntilde
oacute
Oacute
ocirc
Ocirc
ograve
Ograve
oslash
Oslash
otilde
Otilde
ouml
Ouml
szlig
thorn
THORN
uacute
Uacute
ucirc
Ucirc
ugrave
Ugrave
uuml
Uuml
yacute
Yacute
yuml
\‘{I}
\"{\i}
\"{I}
\~{n}
\~{N}
\’{o}
\’{O}
\^{o}
\^{O}
\‘{o}
\‘{O}
\o
\O
\~{o}
\~{O}
\"{o}
\"{O}
\ss
\th
\TH
\’{u}
\’{U}
\^{u}
\^{U}
\‘{u}
\‘{U}
\"{u}
\"{U}
\’{y}
\’{Y}
\"{y}
Ì
ı̈
Ï
ñ
Ñ
ó
Ó
ô
Ô
ò
Ò
ø
Ø
õ
Õ
ö
Ö
ß
þ
Þ
ú
Ú
û
Û
ù
Ù
ü
Ü
ý
Ý
ÿ
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
LATEX requirements
fontenc:T1
fontenc:T1
Description
=capital I, grave accent
=small i, dieresis or umlaut mark
=capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark
=small n, tilde
=capital N, tilde
=small o, acute accent
=capital O, acute accent
=small o, circumflex accent
=capital O, circumflex accent
=small o, grave accent
=capital O, grave accent
=small o, slash
=capital O, slash
=small o, tilde
=capital O, tilde
=small o, dieresis or umlaut mark
=capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark
=small sharp s, German (sz ligature)
=small thorn, Icelandic
=capital THORN, Icelandic
=small u, acute accent
=capital U, acute accent
=small u, circumflex accent
=capital U, circumflex accent
=small u, grave accent
=capital U, grave accent
=small u, dieresis or umlaut mark
=capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark
=small y, acute accent
=capital Y, acute accent
=small y, dieresis or umlaut mark
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
23
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Added Latin 2 (iso-lat2)
3.2
Added Latin 2 (lat2)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
abreve
Abreve
amacr
Amacr
aogon
Aogon
cacute
Cacute
ccaron
Ccaron
ccirc
Ccirc
cdot
Cdot
dcaron
Dcaron
dstrok
Dstrok
ecaron
Ecaron
edot
Edot
emacr
Emacr
eogon
Eogon
gacute
gbreve
Gbreve
Gcedil
gcirc
Gcirc
gdot
\u{a}
\u{A}
\={a}
\={A}
\k{a}
\k{A}
\’{c}
\’{C}
\v{c}
\v{C}
\^{c}
\^{C}
\.{c}
\.{C}
\v{d}
\v{D}
\dj
\DJ
\v{e}
\v{E}
\.{e}
\.{E}
\={e}
\={E}
\k{e}
\k{E}
\’{g}
\u{g}
\u{G}
\c{G}
\^{g}
\^{G}
\.{g}
ă
Ă
ā
Ā
¡

LATEX requirements
fontenc:T1
fontenc:T1
ć
Ć
č
Č
ĉ
Ĉ
ċ
Ċ
ď
Ď
ž
Ð
fontenc:T1
fontenc:T1
ě
Ě
ė
Ė
ē
Ē
¦
†
ǵ
ğ
Ğ
Ģ
ĝ
Ĝ
ġ
fontenc:T1
fontenc:T1
Description
=small a, breve
=capital A, breve
=small a, macron
=capital A, macron
=small a, ogonek
=capital A, ogonek
=small c, acute accent
=capital C, acute accent
=small c, caron
=capital C, caron
=small c, circumflex accent
=capital C, circumflex accent
=small c, dot above
=capital C, dot above
=small d, caron
=capital D, caron
=small d, stroke
=capital D, stroke
=small e, caron
=capital E, caron
=small e, dot above
=capital E, dot above
=small e, macron
=capital E, macron
=small e, ogonek
=capital E, ogonek
=small g, acute accent
=small g, breve
=capital G, breve
=capital G, cedilla
=small g, circumflex accent
=capital G, circumflex accent
=small g, dot above
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
24
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Added Latin 2 (iso-lat2)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
Gdot
hcirc
Hcirc
hstrok
Hstrok
Idot
Imacr
imacr
ijlig
IJlig
inodot
iogon
Iogon
itilde
Itilde
jcirc
Jcirc
kcedil
Kcedil
kgreen
lacute
Lacute
lcaron
Lcaron
lcedil
Lcedil
lmidot
Lmidot
lstrok
Lstrok
nacute
Nacute
eng
ENG
napos
\.{G}
\^{h}
\^{H}
\hstrok
\Hstrok
\.{I}
\={I}
\={\i}
i\kern -.15em j
I\kern -.15em J
\i
\k{i}
\k{I}
\~{\i}
\~{I}
\^{\j}
\^{J}
\c{k}
\c{K}
\textsc{k}
\’{l}
\’{L}
\v{l}
\v{L}
\c{l}
\c{L}
\lmidot
\Lmidot
\l
\L
\’{n}
\’{N}
\ng
\NG
n\kern-.2em\textsf{’}
Ġ
ĥ
Ĥ
-h
–
H
İ
Ī
ı̄
ij
IJ
ı
i
I
ı̃
Ĩ
̂
Ĵ
ķ
Ķ
k
ĺ
Ĺ
ľ
Ľ
ļ
Ļ
l.
L.
l
L
ń
Ń
­

n’
LATEX requirements
local
local
fontenc:T1
fontenc:T1
local
local
fontenc:T1
fontenc:T1
Description
=capital G, dot above
=small h, circumflex accent
=capital H, circumflex accent
=small h, stroke
=capital H, stroke
=capital I, dot above
=capital I, macron
=small i, macron
=small ij ligature
=capital IJ ligature
=small i without dot
=small i, ogonek
=capital I, ogonek
=small i, tilde
=capital I, tilde
=small j, circumflex accent
=capital J, circumflex accent
=small k, cedilla
=capital K, cedilla
=small k, Greenlandic
=small l, acute accent
=capital L, acute accent
=small l, caron
=capital L, caron
=small l, cedilla
=capital L, cedilla
=small l, middle dot
=capital L, middle dot
=small l, stroke
=capital L, stroke
=small n, acute accent
=capital N, acute accent
=small eng, Lapp
=capital ENG, Lapp
=small n, apostrophe
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
25
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Added Latin 2 (iso-lat2)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
ncaron
Ncaron
ncedil
Ncedil
odblac
Odblac
Omacr
omacr
oelig
OElig
racute
Racute
rcaron
Rcaron
rcedil
Rcedil
sacute
Sacute
scaron
Scaron
scedil
Scedil
scirc
Scirc
tcaron
Tcaron
tcedil
Tcedil
tstrok
Tstrok
ubreve
Ubreve
udblac
Udblac
umacr
Umacr
\v{n}
\v{N}
\c{n}
\c{N}
\H{o}
\H{O}
\={O}
\={o}
\oe
\OE
\’{r}
\’{R}
\v{r}
\v{R}
\c{r}
\c{R}
\’{s}
\’{S}
\v{s}
\v{S}
\c{s}
\c{S}
\^{s}
\^{S}
\v{t}
\v{T}
\c{t}
\c{T}
\tstrok
\Tstrok
\u{u}
\u{U}
\H{u}
\H{U}
\={u}
\={U}
ň
Ň
ņ
Ņ
ő
Ő
Ō
ō
œ
Œ
ŕ
Ŕ
ř
Ř
ŗ
Ŗ
ś
Ś
š
Š
ş
Ş
ŝ
Ŝ
ť
Ť
ţ
Ţ
t–
T
ŭ
Ŭ
ű
Ű
ū
Ū
LATEX requirements
local
local
Description
=small n, caron
=capital N, caron
=small n, cedilla
=capital N, cedilla
=small o, double acute accent
=capital O, double acute accent
=capital O, macron
=small o, macron
=small oe ligature
=capital OE ligature
=small r, acute accent
=capital R, acute accent
=small r, caron
=capital R, caron
=small r, cedilla
=capital R, cedilla
=small s, acute accent
=capital S, acute accent
=small s, caron
=capital S, caron
=small s, cedilla
=capital S, cedilla
=small s, circumflex accent
=capital S, circumflex accent
=small t, caron
=capital T, caron
=small t, cedilla
=capital T, cedilla
=small t, stroke
=capital T, stroke
=small u, breve
=capital U, breve
=small u, double acute accent
=capital U, double acute accent
=small u, macron
=capital U, macron
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
26
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Diacritical marks (iso-dia)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
uogon
Uogon
uring
Uring
utilde
Utilde
wcirc
Wcirc
ycirc
Ycirc
Yuml
zacute
Zacute
zcaron
Zcaron
zdot
Zdot
\k{u}
\k{U}
\r{u}
\r{U}
\~{u}
\~{U}
\^{w}
\^{W}
\^{y}
\^{Y}
\"{Y}
\’{z}
\’{Z}
\v{z}
\v{Z}
\.{z}
\.{Z}
3.3
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
u
fontenc:T1
fontenc:T1
=small u, ogonek
=capital U, ogonek
=small u, ring
=capital U, ring
=small u, tilde
=capital U, tilde
=small w, circumflex accent
=capital W, circumflex accent
=small y, circumflex accent
=capital Y, circumflex accent
=capital Y, dieresis or umlaut mark
=small z, acute accent
=capital Z, acute accent
=small z, caron
=capital Z, caron
=small z, dot above
=capital Z, dot above
U
ů
Ů
ũ
Ũ
ŵ
Ŵ
ŷ
Ŷ
Ÿ
ź
Ź
ž
Ž
ż
Ż
Diacritical marks (dia)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
acute
breve
caron
cedil
circ
dblac
die
uml
dot
grave
macr
ogon
ring
tilde
\’{}
\u{}
\v{}
\c{}
\^{}
\H{}
\"{}
\"{}
\.{}
\‘{}
\={}
\k{}
\r{}
\~{}
´
˘
ˇ
¸
ˆ
˝
¨
¨
˙
`
¯
˚
˜
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
LATEX requirements
fontenc:T1
Description
=acute accent
=breve
=caron
=cedilla
=circumflex accent
=double acute accent
=dieresis
=umlaut mark
=dot above
=grave accent
=macron
=ogonek
=ring
=tilde
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
27
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Russian Cyrillic (iso-cyr1)
4
Non-Latin based alphabets
4.1
Russian Cyrillic (cyr1)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
acy
Acy
bcy
Bcy
vcy
Vcy
gcy
Gcy
dcy
Dcy
iecy
IEcy
iocy
IOcy
zhcy
ZHcy
zcy
Zcy
icy
Icy
jcy
Jcy
kcy
Kcy
lcy
Lcy
mcy
Mcy
ncy
Ncy
ocy
Ocy
a
A
b
B
v
V
g
G
d
D
e
E
\"{e}
\"{E}
zh
Zh
z
Z
i
I
\u{i}
\u{I}
k
K
l
L
m
M
n
N
o
O
a
A
b
B
v
V
g
G
d
D
e
E
ë
Ë
z
Z
i
I
i
$
$
I
k
K
l
L
m
M
n
N
o
O
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
=small a, Cyrillic
=capital A, Cyrillic
=small be, Cyrillic
=capital BE, Cyrillic
=small ve, Cyrillic
=capital VE, Cyrillic
=small ghe, Cyrillic
=capital GHE, Cyrillic
=small de, Cyrillic
=capital DE, Cyrillic
=small ie, Cyrillic
=capital IE, Cyrillic
=small io, Russian
=capital IO, Russian
=small zhe, Cyrillic
=capital ZHE, Cyrillic
=small ze, Cyrillic
=capital ZE, Cyrillic
=small i, Cyrillic
=capital I, Cyrillic
=small short i, Cyrillic
=capital short I, Cyrillic
=small ka, Cyrillic
=capital KA, Cyrillic
=small el, Cyrillic
=capital EL, Cyrillic
=small em, Cyrillic
=capital EM, Cyrillic
=small en, Cyrillic
=capital EN, Cyrillic
=small o, Cyrillic
=capital O, Cyrillic
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
28
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Russian Cyrillic (iso-cyr1)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
pcy
Pcy
rcy
Rcy
scy
Scy
tcy
Tcy
ucy
Ucy
fcy
Fcy
khcy
KHcy
tscy
TScy
chcy
CHcy
shcy
SHcy
shchcy
SHCHcy
hardcy
HARDcy
ycy
Ycy
softcy
SOFTcy
ecy
Ecy
yucy
YUcy
yacy
YAcy
numero
p
P
r
R
s
S
t
T
u
U
f
F
kh
Kh
ts
Ts
ch
Ch
sh
Sh
shch
Shch
\cdprime
\Cdprime
y
Y
\cprime
\Cprime
\‘{e}
\‘{E}
yu
Yu
ya
Ya
N0
p
P
r
R
s
S
t
T
u
U
f
F
h
H
c
C
q
Q
x
X
w
W

_
y
Y
~
^
}
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
=small pe, Cyrillic
=capital PE, Cyrillic
=small er, Cyrillic
=capital ER, Cyrillic
=small es, Cyrillic
=capital ES, Cyrillic
=small te, Cyrillic
=capital TE, Cyrillic
=small u, Cyrillic
=capital U, Cyrillic
=small ef, Cyrillic
=capital EF, Cyrillic
=small ha, Cyrillic
=capital HA, Cyrillic
=small tse, Cyrillic
=capital TSE, Cyrillic
=small che, Cyrillic
=capital CHE, Cyrillic
=small sha, Cyrillic
=capital SHA, Cyrillic
=small shcha, Cyrillic
=capital SHCHA, Cyrillic
=small hard sign, Cyrillic
=capital HARD sign, Cyrillic
=small yeru, Cyrillic
=capital YERU, Cyrillic
=small soft sign, Cyrillic
=capital SOFT sign, Cyrillic
=small e, Cyrillic
=capital E, Cyrillic
=small yu, Cyrillic
=capital YU, Cyrillic
=small ya, Cyrillic
=capital YA, Cyrillic
=numero sign
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
29
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Greek letters (iso-grk1)
4.2
Non-Russian Cyrillic (cyr2)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
djcy
DJcy
gjcy
GJcy
jukcy
Jukcy
dscy
DScy
iukcy
Iukcy
yicy
YIcy
jsercy
Jsercy
ljcy
LJcy
njcy
NJcy
tshcy
TSHcy
kjcy
KJcy
ubrcy
Ubrcy
dzcy
DZcy
dj
Dj
\’g
\’G
\=e
\=E
\dz
\Dz
\=\i
\=I
\"\i
\"I
j
J
lj
Lj
nj
Nj
\’c
\’C
\’k
\’K
\u{u}
\u{U}
\dzh
\Dzh
ǵ
Ǵ
ı̈
¨
j
J
lj
Lj
nj
Nj
ḱ
Ḱ
u
$
$
U
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
cyracc,amsfonts
=small dje, Serbian
=capital DJE, Serbian
=small gje, Macedonian
=capital GJE Macedonian
=small je, Ukrainian
=capital JE, Ukrainian
=small dse, Macedonian
=capital DSE, Macedonian
=small i, Ukrainian
=capital I, Ukrainian
=small yi, Ukrainian
=capital YI, Ukrainian
=small je, Serbian
=capital JE, Serbian
=small lje, Serbian
=capital LJE, Serbian
=small nje, Serbian
=capital NJE, Serbian
=small tshe, Serbian
=capital TSHE, Serbian
=small kje Macedonian
=capital KJE, Macedonian
=small u, Byelorussian
=capital U, Byelorussian
=small dze, Serbian
=capital dze, Serbian
4.3
Greek letters (grk1)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
agr
Agr
a
A
a
rgr
A
=small alpha, Greek
=capital Alpha, Greek
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
30
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Greek letters (iso-grk1)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
bgr
Bgr
ggr
Ggr
dgr
Dgr
egr
Egr
zgr
Zgr
eegr
EEgr
thgr
THgr
igr
Igr
kgr
Kgr
lgr
Lgr
mgr
Mgr
ngr
Ngr
xgr
Xgr
ogr
Ogr
pgr
Pgr
rgr
Rgr
sgr
Sgr
sfgr
tgr
Tgr
b
B
g
G
d
D
e
E
z
Z
h
H
j
J
i
I
k
K
l
L
m
M
n
N
x
X
o
O
p
P
r
P
s
S
c
t
T
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
b
rgr
g
G
d
D
e
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
z
rgr
h
rgr
j
J
i
rgr
rgr
rgr
k
rgr
l
L
m
rgr
rgr
rgr
n
rgr
x
X
rgr
rgr
p
P
r
rgr
rgr
rgr
s
S
c
t
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
=small beta, Greek
=capital Beta, Greek
=small gamma, Greek
=capital Gamma, Greek
=small delta, Greek
=capital Delta, Greek
=small epsilon, Greek
=capital Epsilon, Greek
=small zeta, Greek
=capital Zeta, Greek
=small eta, Greek
=capital Eta, Greek
=small theta, Greek
=capital Theta, Greek
=small iota, Greek
=capital Iota, Greek
=small kappa, Greek
=capital Kappa, Greek
=small lambda, Greek
=capital Lambda, Greek
=small mu, Greek
=capital Mu, Greek
=small nu, Greek
=capital Nu, Greek
=small xi, Greek
=capital Xi, Greek
=small omicron, Greek
=capital Omicron, Greek
=small pi, Greek
=capital Pi, Greek
=small rho, Greek
=capital Rho, Greek
=small sigma, Greek
=capital Sigma, Greek
=final small sigma, Greek
=small tau, Greek
=capital Tau, Greek
B
E
Z
H
I
K
M
N
o
O
P
T
continued on next page. . .
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
31
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
Monotoniko Greek (iso-grk2)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
ugr
Ugr
phgr
PHgr
khgr
KHgr
psgr
PSgr
ohgr
OHgr
u
Y
f
F
q
X
y
Y
w
W
4.4
Glyph
LATEX requirements
Description
u
rgr
f
F
q
rgr
rgr
rgr
y
Y
w
W
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
=small upsilon, Greek
=capital Upsilon, Greek
=small phi, Greek
=capital Phi, Greek
=small chi, Greek
=capital Chi, Greek
=small psi, Greek
=capital Psi, Greek
=small omega, Greek
=capital Omega, Greek
LATEX requirements
Description
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
rgr
=small alpha, accent, Greek
=capital Alpha, accent, Greek
=small epsilon, accent, Greek
=capital Epsilon, accent, Greek
=small eta, accent, Greek
=capital Eta, accent, Greek
=small iota, dieresis, Greek
=capital Iota, dieresis, Greek
=small iota, accent, Greek
=capital Iota, accent, Greek
=small iota, dieresis, accent, Greek
=small omicron, accent, Greek
=capital Omicron, accent, Greek
=small upsilon, dieresis, Greek
=capital Upsilon, dieresis, Greek
=small upsilon, accent, Greek
=capital Upsilon, accent, Greek
=small upsilon, dieresis, accent, Greek
=small omega, accent, Greek
=capital Omega, accent, Greek
Y
X
Monotoniko Greek (grk2)
ISO entity
LATEX equivalent
aacgr
Aacgr
eacgr
Eacgr
eeacgr
EEacgr
idigr
Idigr
iacgr
Iacgr
idiagr
oacgr
Oacgr
udigr
Udigr
uacgr
Uacgr
udiagr
ohacgr
OHacgr
’a
’A
’e
’E
’h
’H
"i
"I
’i
’I
"’i
’o
’O
"u
"U
’u
’U
"’u
’w
’W
Glyph
'A
$
'E
'H
'I
C
'O
'U
'W
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
32
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
5
5.1
Notes
5.3
Mapping data (ent.xml)
The table is produced from a data file tagged with XML using XSL
scripts. This approach makes it easy to do different queries.
The table compromises equivalent character encodings, positions, and
descriptive texts.
Character sets covered so far are: LATEX, known SGML/XML entity sets
(ISO 8879, ISO 9573-13, HTML-4, MathML aliases/long names that are
adapted from AMS and Mathematica from Wolfram Research), Unicode,
and ISO 8859-1.
Multiply defined entities in ISO 8879: The inodot is defined both in amso
and lat2. The glyphs are different!
5.2
The “Description” column
The Description column may contain three information fields, e.g:
/nsimeq
1
N:
2
not similar, equals
3
The first field (a name preceded by a slash) is an identifier of a visual
depiction of the character in MathSci, an expansion of mathfile, appendix
D, 1/90, published by the American Mathematical Society.
The second field (a single uppercase letter, followed by a colon) indicates
that the character belongs to a class who’s glyphs are given special
treatment in conventional mathematical typesetting. The classes are:
A
B
C
L
N
O
P
R
relation (arrow)
binary operator
closing delimiter
large operator
relation (negate)
opening delimiter
punctuation
relation
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Required LATEX packages and fonts
We have tried to use packages that come with “common” LATEX
distributions. Unfortunately, not all characters entities defined in
ISO 8879:1986 are covered by these. To produce these character entities,
we have assembled some of the macros written by Taco Hoekwater,
thereby avoiding long and nasty LATEX control sequences (marked local).
The comma separated entries in the LATEX requirement column refer to
font packages that provide the character. math indicates that the symbol
only are available in a math environment.
The following font packages are required:
Package
Version
amssymb
amsfonts3
amsbsy
pifont4
color5
textcomp
fontenc:T1
cyracc6
wasysym
mathrsfs
rgr7
stmaryrd8
1996-11-03
1997-09-17
1996-10-28
1999-03-29
1995-12-01
1999-06-12
1994-06-01
1995-01-04
1997-11-01
1996-01-01
1990-05-30
1994-03-03
Count
189
99
43
7
3
10
19
93
4
4
54
.
Distr.1
PS-Type12
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
no
no
no
no
no
.
.
.
.
.
no
no
.
.
.
no
.
All packages and fonts can be found and downloaded from the
“Comprehensive TEX Archive Network” http://www.ctan.org/find.html.
Packages used for typesetting/preparing this document: hyperref,
graphicx, inputenc, longtable, fancyhdr, geometry, and sectsty.
1 Part
of the standard LATEX distribution? (This is MikTeX 1.20e.)
PS-Type1 fonts available? (Needed for pretty PDF output.)
3 AMSFonts is loaded by AMS symbols.
4 pifont (ZapfDingbats) is part of the PSNFSS package.
5 Part of the graphics bundle
6 cyracc.def is included in the AMSFonts collection (plain T X).
E
7 Modern Greek fonts by Yannis Haralambous.
8 St Mary’s Road symbol font is needed for ISO 9573-13 entities.
2 Adobe
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
33
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
5.4
5.6
Characters unavailable to normal PDF output
These are produced or manipulated separately and inserted as graphics.
Box drawings Not displayed at all in a tabular environment.
T1 font encoding eth, ETH, thorn, THORN (lat1), dstrok, Dstrok, eng,
ENG, aogon, Aogon, eogon, Eogon, iogon, Iogon, uogon, Uogon (lat2),
ogon (dia), laquo, raquo (num).
When loaded, the T1 encoding causes dcaron, lcaron, tcaron (lat2) to be
displayed with an apostrophe instead of the caron above.
Missing PS-Type1 font(s) for T1 encoding causes the document output
(PDF) to use Type3 (bitmap) fonts.
rgr package idigr, Idigr, idiagr, udigr, Udigr, udiagr (grk2).
The diacritical marks should be above the character. Font bug?
5.5
LATEX 2ε has the capability of processing 8-bit characters. Put the
following line in the preamble of your LATEX file:
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
and LATEX will accept the complete ISO 8859-1 (Latin 1) character set.
This will make typing LATEX much easier (i.e you don’t have to use the
codes shown in section 3).
The Icelandic characters also need the T1 font encoding.
5.7
Lowercase script font order (tech) is displayed in italic because we are
short of a font with a small script character o.
Displaying Cyrillic characters
There are two possibilities for displaying Cyrillic characters:
Use the T2A font encoding part of the standard LATEX “Cyrillic bundle”.
But there are no PS-Type1 fonts available. See cyrguide.dvi.
Or use the cyrillic alphabet (wncyr fonts) made available from the
AMSFonts package using plain TEX, by defining a new environment called
cyr:
\input cyracc.def
\font\tencyr=wncyr10
\def\cyr{\tencyr\cyracc}
Latin 1 encoding
Numeric and publishing symbols
The “standard” way of writing fractions in LATEX is $\frac{a}{b}$.
However, this does not look good in running text. We have therefore
defined a “slashed” way of displaying fractions: $\sfrac{a}{b}$ (defined
in isoent.sty). So, instead of ab , we prefer a/b. This is also consistent
with the character overview in “Developing SGML DTDs” by Eve Maler.
LATEX formats the ff, fi, fj, fl, ffi and ffl as ligature characters by
default. \textcompwordmark is used to separate the characters.
Alternative glyphs for the suit symbols are:
\clubsuit
\diamondsuit
\heartsuit
\spadesuit
♣
♦
♥
♠
club
diamond
heart
spades
They all require a math environment.
For details on using this cyrillic environment, see the AMSFonts User’s
Guide (amsfndoc.dvi).
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
34
ISO character entities and their LATEX equivalents
6
References
Acknowledgements
Maler, Eve and Jeanne El Andaloussi. Developing SGML DTDs : from
text to model to markup. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1996.
Lamport, Leslie. LATEX users guide and reference manual.
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1994.
We would like to thank:
Eli Toftøy-Andersen [email protected] and Steve Pepper
[email protected] for proof-reading and suggestions.
Taco Hoekwater [email protected] for providing us with the
sgmlent package.
LAT
Goossens, Mittelbach and Samarin. The
EX Companion.
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1994.
Sebastian Rahtz [email protected] and Barbara Beeton
[email protected] has provided us with mapping tables that we have used for
proof reading.
LAT
Wilkins, David R. Getting Started with
EX.
http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwilkins/LaTeXprimer/
Stefan Ulrich [email protected] for informing us about the
rsfs fonts.
LATEX 2ε for authors. LATEX 3 Project Team, 1997, pp. 20–22,27.
AMSFonts User’s Guide
http://www.ams.org/tex/
Relevant standards and specifications
ISO 8879:1986 (see Appendix D)
Information processing — Text and office systems — Standard
Generalized Markup Language (SGML)
ISO/IEC 9573-13:1991
Information processing — SGML support facilities — Techniques for
using SGML; Part 13: Public entity sets for mathematics and science
HTML 4.01 (see Chapter 24. Character entity references in HTML 4)
http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/
MathML (see Chapter 6. Entities, Characters and Fonts)
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-MathML/
STIX project
http://www.ams.org/STIX/
Unicode
http://www.unicode.org/
c
2000
Vidar Bronken Gundersen, Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/
Revision: 4.02, Date: 2000-12-14
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