Table of Contents
Indicators
Letter to the Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Letter to the Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Ohio Academic Content Standards Correlation Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Investigation 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Chapter 1
Earth and Space Sciences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Lesson 1
Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
ESS.1, 2
Lesson 2
Weathering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
ESS.3
Lesson 3
Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
ESS.4, 5, 6
Chapter 1 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Chapter 2
Life Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Lesson 4
Animal Life Cycles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
LS.1
Lesson 5
How Animals’ Bodies Help
Them Survive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
LS.2
Lesson 6
Grouping Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
LS.3
Lesson 7
Living Things of Long Ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
LS.4, 5
Lesson 8
When Habitats Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
LS.5, 6
Chapter 2 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Chapter 3
Physical Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Lesson 9
Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
PS.1
Lesson 10
Forces and Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
PS.2, 3, 4
Lesson 11
Gravity, Friction, and Magnetism . . . . . . . . 68
PS.3, 4
Chapter 3 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Chapter 4
Science and Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Lesson 12
Using Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
ST.1, 2, 3
Lesson 13
Solving Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
ST.4, 5
Chapter 4 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
104OH_Sci_G3_SE_PDF.indb 3
3
2/16/08 5:17:41 PM
Ohio Achievement Test Coach, Science, Grade 3
Chapter 5
Scientific Inquiry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Lesson 14
Science Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
SI.4
Lesson 15
Measuring Length and Weight . . . . . . . . . . 92
SI.1, 2
Lesson 16
Thinking like a Scientist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
SI.5, SWK.1
Lesson 17
Organizing and Understanding Data . . . . . 99
SI.3, 5
Lesson 18
Sharing Scientific Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
SI.2, 6
Chapter 5 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Chapter 6
Scientific Ways of Knowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Lesson 19
Science Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
SWK.1, 2
Lesson 20
Men and Women of Science . . . . . . . . . . 120
SWK.3
Lesson 21
Careers in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
SWK.4, 5
Chapter 6 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Investigation 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
4
104OH_Sci_G3_SE_PDF.indb 4
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
2/16/08 5:17:42 PM
6
Grouping Animals
LS.3
Getting the Idea
Key Words
backbone
skeleton
fish
amphibian
reptile
bird
mammal
When you put your clothes away, you sort them
into groups. You may put T-shirts in one drawer
and socks in a different drawer. Shoes may go in a
closet. You put clothes that are alike in certain ways into
the same group. Scientists do the same thing with living
things. Scientists put animals into a few big groups. Then
scientists sort each big group into smaller groups.
Backbone or No Backbone?
The first way that scientists group animals is by whether
they have backbones. A backbone, or spine, is a row
of connected bones down the middle of the back. You
have a backbone. Animals with backbones have a frame
of bones inside their bodies. It is called a skeleton. It
supports their bodies and helps them move.
You might expect snakes and worms to be in the same
group. They are both long and wiggly. They do not have
legs. But snakes have backbones, and worms do not. So
snakes and worms are in different groups.
Earthworm
Snake
Animals with soft bodies, such as jellyfish and slugs, do
not have backbones. Clams and snails have a hard shell
but no backbone. Insects and spiders are also in the
no-backbone group. They have a hard covering on the
outside of their bodies, but they do not have bones.
42
104OH_Sci_G3_SE_PDF.indb 42
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
2/16/08 5:18:10 PM
Lesson 6: Grouping Animals
Grouping Animals with Backbones
Many different kinds of animals have backbones.
Scientists have sorted them into five large groups.
The chart below shows the groups.
Animals with Backbones
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Fish are the biggest group of animals with backbones.
Fish spend their whole lives underwater. They breathe
underwater through body parts called gills. Most fish have
fins and scales. Most fish reproduce by laying eggs.
Amphibians are animals that live part of their lives in
water and part on land. Frogs, toads, and salamanders
are amphibians. They have smooth skin that is always wet
or damp. They lay eggs in water. The young that come
out of the eggs live underwater. The young have tails for
swimming and gills for breathing. As the animals grow,
their bodies change shape. Most amphibians grow legs
for walking on land. They grow lungs for breathing air. You
learned about a frog’s life cycle in Lesson 4.
Snakes and lizards are reptiles. Like fish, reptiles have
bodies covered with scales. But reptiles breathe air and
live mostly on land. Most reptiles lay eggs on land. Some,
such as rattlesnakes, do not lay their eggs. The eggs stay
inside the mother until they hatch. Then the babies come
out of the mother’s body.
Birds are the only animals with feathers. All birds have
feathers and wings. Most birds use their wings to fly. But
some kinds of birds, such as ostriches and penguins,
cannot fly. Birds breathe air and lay eggs on land.
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
104OH_Sci_G3_SE_PDF.indb 43
43
2/16/08 5:18:11 PM
Ohio Achievement Test Coach, Science, Grade 3
Did You Know
Whales have very
little hair. Some
adult whales have
no hair at all. But
all whales have
some hair at least
when they are
babies.
Mammals all have fur or hair and feed their young with
milk. Most mammals give birth to live young. Cats, dogs,
mice, horses, and humans are all mammals. The largest
animals on Earth are in the mammal group. The blue
whale, which lives in the ocean, is the biggest animal.
The elephant is the biggest animal that lives on land.
Scientists divide all these animal groups into many smaller
groups. Grouping animals helps scientists understand
how different kinds of animals are related to each other.
Grouping also helps scientists understand how animals
that live on Earth today are related to animals that lived
long ago.
DISCUSSION QUESTION
Suppose you find an animal that has four legs. It does not have
hair or fur. Which two groups could it belong to? How can
you decide which is the correct group?
44
104OH_Sci_G3_SE_PDF.indb 44
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
2/16/08 5:18:11 PM
Lesson 6: Grouping Animals
LESSON REVIEW
1.
Bats have wings and can fly. Bats also have hair and feed
their young with milk. Which animal group do bats
belong to?
A.
birds
B.
insects
C. mammals
D. amphibians
2.
Which animals have skeletons?
A.
animals with backbones
B.
jellyfish
C. spiders
D. animals without backbones
3.
Which group of animals has scales and lays eggs in water?
A.
reptiles
B.
birds
C. amphibians
D. fish
4.
Which animal is an amphibian?
A.
turtle
B.
snake
C. salamander
D. snail
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
104OH_Sci_G3_SE_PDF.indb 45
45
2/16/08 5:18:11 PM