TECHNICAL TRANSACTIONS
CIVIL ENGINEERING
CZASOPISMO TECHNICZNE
BUDOWNICTWO
5-B/2014
AGNIESZKABUCKA*
“ASECONDCHANCE”–THECONCEPTOF
REVITALIZINGTHE“JAWISZOWICE”STATECOALMINE
„DRUGASZANSA”–KONCEPCJAREWITALIZACJI
PAŃSTWOWEJKOPALNIWĘGLAKAMIENNEGO
„JAWISZOWICE”
Abstract
ThepaperpresentstheproblemofdegradationoftheformerindustrialcomplexPKWK“Jawiszowice”
inBrzeszczewithitsbuildingsandtechnicalinfrastructure,andexaminesthepossibilityofitsre-use.It
emphasizes the benefits of the area revitalization in the broad sense that seems to be the most sensible
decisionwhichmaybemadeaftertheterminationofextractionoftherawmaterial.Themainaspectis
the implementation of innovative and creative solutions which consequently enable the creation of the
developmentnotonlyforthecityofBrzeszczebutfortheentireregion.Thisexample–whichisthesubject
ofthepresentdiscussion–wasalsothesubjectofauthor’spreviousstudiesconductedintheframework
ofthemasters’thesis.
Keywords: revitalization, post-industrial areas, Jawiszowice
Streszczenie
WartykuleprzedstawionoproblemdegradacjidawnegokompleksuprzemysłowegoPKWK1„Jawiszowice”wBrzeszczachwrazzjegozabudowąiinfrastrukturątechniczną,atakżerozpatrzonomożliwościponownegoichwykorzystania.Podkreślonokorzyścipłynącezrozumianejsensu largorewitalizacjiobszaru
poprzemysłowego,zdającejsiębyćnajrozsądniejsządecyzją,jakąmożnapodjąćwzwiązkuzzakończeniemeksploatacjisurowca.Głównyaspektstanowiwdrożenieinnowacyjnychikreatywnychrozwiązań,
którewkonsekwencjiumożliwiąstworzenieprzestrzenirozwojunietylkodlamiastaBrzeszcze,aleicałegoregionu.Przykładbędącytematemrozważańjestrównieżprzedmiotemwcześniejszychstudiówautorki
prowadzonychwramachpracymagisterskiej.
Słowa kluczowe: rewitalizacja, obszary poprzemysłowe, Jawiszowice
M.Sc. ofArchitectureAgnieszka Bucka, Department of Civil Engineering and Building Physics,
FacultyofCivilEngineering,CracowUniversityofTechnology.
1
ForthepurposeofthisarticleIfollowK.Lenartowiczterminology[2]:TheStateCoalMineJawiszowice(PKWKJawiszowice).OriginallythecomplexwascalledJawiszowiceMine,whilethe
currentnameisKWKBrzeszczeSilesia–RuchII.
*
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1. Introduction
1.1.Revitalizationofpost-industrialareas
1.1.1.WesternEuropeexample–“Zollverein”mineinEssen
“Zollverein”mineisoneofthemostvaluableexamplesofindustrialconstruction.Itis
worthmentioningthatatthetimeofitsheyday,itwasthelargestandmostmodernmining
facilityintheworld.Thearchitectureofthecomplexconsistsofsimplegeometricsolids,
slammedintocubesofsteelframeconstruction,filledwithredbrick.
In1986,coalextractionhasbeensuspended[4],andabroadspectrumofsocialandspatial
activities that was later performed, opened a new chapter in the history of the mine.At the
moment,theZollvereinindustrialcomplexisamodelexampleofrevitalizationofpost-industrial
structures, and is being mentioned alongside such projects as the revival of the steelworks in
DuisburgandotherindustrialRuhrarea.Notwithoutsignificanceisthefactthaton14December
2001,thegroupofZollvereinCoalMinebuildingshasbeeninscribedintotheUNESCOlistof
WorldHeritageunderthename“ZollvereinCoalMineIndustrialComplex”[3].
Fig.1.Mineandcokingplant
ZollvereininEssen[10]
Fig.2.Mineandcokingplant
ZollvereininEssen[10]
1.1.2.AnexamplefromPoland–“Julia”mineinWałbrzych
In2014,therevitalizationofthe“Julia”mineinWalbrzychistobecompleted[7],remade
–inaccordancewiththedraftzoningmadebytheNizio Design International studio–into
acenterofculturalandcreativeindustries,aswellasasportsandleisurecomplex.Designers
workingonthenewlook,intendtouselarge-scalemultimediatechnologiesthathaverecently
beengainingpopularity[7].
Fig.3.“Julia”
mineinWałbrzych
–conditionof
buildingsbefore
renovation[9]
Fig.4.„Julia”mineinWałbrzych–visualization[8]
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2. The Idea
2.1.PKWK„Jawiszowice”revitalization
2.1.1.Historydraft
Themininghistoryoftheareadatesbacktotheeighteenthcentury,however,theactual
dateoffacilityconstructionisthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.Theestablishmentofthe
mineresultedintherapidgrowthofJawiszowice,turningitintoathrivingindustrialcenter.
Exhaustionofdepositsinthe70’swasthereasonthatcoalminingbecameunprofitable.The
propertywasgraduallywithdrawnfromservice,andtheproductionwastotallydiscontinued
in1995.Inthenextyears,someofthebuildingsweresoldtoprivateinvestors,otherswere
demolished, and the rest gradually fell into ruin. The complex has also a rich historical
past–duringWorldWarIIitwasaprisoners’laborcamp[5].Accordingtotheauthorof
thearticle,AgnieszkaZaborska-Jagiello[6],someofthePKWK“Jawiszowice” buildings
clusteredaroundAndrewIIIShaftwereincludedintheprovincialregisterofmonumentsas
amodernistindustrybuildinggroup–butthis,inpractice,doesnotnecessarilytranslateinto
adequatemeasurestoprotectthemonument.
2.1.2.Mainassumptionsofrevitalizationconcept
The main idea of revitalization is to transform the industrial area into an educational
and cultural center, with the supplement in the form of numerous sports, recreational and
entertainment,tourismandmuseumfacilities.TheprojectfitsinwiththepopularinEurope–
andtestedintherevitalizationofotherminingobjects–trendofso-called“creativeindustries”,
while taking into account the economic and cultural needs of the region. Naming of the
buildingshasbeenchosentocombinetheiroldfunctionwiththenewone,whilemaintaining
thenomenclatureproperfortheminingindustry.Formanyexistingbuildingsthatundergone
revitalization and in different zones of the complex, new names have been adopted which
evokethecoalexploitation:forexample‘The Mine of Knowledge’(amuseum),‘The Theatre of
Coal-Black Humor’(atheater),‘SPA-lony Shift’2(aSPA)and‘CoalSketches’(anartgallery),
‘Excavation’(aculturalcentre),‘Extraction’(anactingschool),‘KOKS’(theOriginalArthouse
Cinemas Complex3), ‘The Processing Hall’ (a school of creative photography), ‘Tunnel’
(aschoolofinteriorandspacedesign),‘Headroom’(themanagementoffice).
Thearticledescribesthegeneralconceptofdevelopmentofthelandsurfaceofthemine
inthewesternpartoftheestablishmentwithitszoning:development,arts,culture,education,
museum, sports, shopping, the seat of the administrative staff and complex management,
and – in the eastern part – two zones combined: the outdoor and sports area (preserved
inthenaturalisticstyle,open-airstageonahill,anamphitheaterandareservoirequipped
withaportforraftsandboats).Theminebuildingsfitinwiththeplannedlarge-scalegreen
areas such as forests (the project includes the creation of spaces for undertakings such as
a rope course, paintball, quad and cross tracks, skate park, walking paths) and reservoirs
(Sołariverandpondscreatedwithminingsubsidies),whicharecommunicatedwitheach
2
3
Thisnameisawordplay:‘spalony’inPolishmeans‘burnt’(translator’snote).
Alsoawordplay:‘koks’means‘coke’andisatthesametimeanacronymforthePolishnameofthe
complex(translator’snote).
30
otherbymeansofarollersandbicycleroutesandawaterwayforboatsandrafts.Interms
ofcommunicationthefollowingareplanned:multipleentrypointsforcarsandconveniently
locatedcarparkssurroundedbyprotectivegreenery,aconnectionoftheestablishmenttothe
citybyarailcarlineusingexistingandunusedrailroadtracks.
Fig.6.Theconceptof
urbanrevitalization
ofthePKWK
“Jawiszowice”area
(author’sarchive)
Fig.5.Theenvironmentalanalysisofthesite
PKWK“Jawiszowice”anditssurrounding
areas(author’sarchive)
ThewholepremisecloseswiththenewlydesignedbuildingoftheArtSchoolsCentre
“ARTySZYB”(“ARTySHAFT”).TheschoolinitsideareferstotheassumptionsofWalter
GropiusimplementedattheBauhaus.Thenameitselfcombinestheformerplaceofworkof
hundredsofpeopleintheundergroundofthe‘shafts’withthenewlyestablishedbuildingsof
artwhere,insteadofworkinghardintoughconditions,peoplearefocusingonintegration,
education,artisticcreationandactiveleisure.Itconstitutesadenialofthepastinrelationto
theinteriorform,thankstowidewalkingpaths,well-litandvastinteriors,thetransparencyof
thenewlydesignedpartsoftheobject,andalsotoitscharacter:fullofvitality.Thebuilding
is, at the same time, an integral part of both the premises and the greenery (in particular,
throughtheadoptionofagreenroof),anditconsistsacontrastingelementduetoitsmodern
form.Itisdesignedtorealizethechangethathasoccurredasaresultoftheforbearanceofits
industrialuseandofbuildingsadaptationforeducationalandartisticfunctions.
Fig.7.Art Schools Centre “ARTySZYB” –
positioning(author’sarchive)
Fig.8.CentrumSzkółArtystycznych
“ARTySZYB”–agroundfloorsketchwithits
environment(author’sarchive)
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Usingdifferentfinishingmaterials,resultedinacleardifferencebetweenthestructure
ofoldredbrickbuildingsandacontemporaryinterferenceintheformofwhite-plastered
concrete and large glazed surfaces, generating the impression of lightness that stands in
oppositiontothecharacterofthebuildingsbuiltinthetraditionaltechnology.Themainidea
oftheprojectistohighlighttheantagonismsintensifiedbythewordplaysinthenamingand
a game of illusion and allusion of two different worlds: the underground – full of gloom
andnarrowness,accompanyingtheminers–andthesurface,whichisreminiscentoflight
andspace.
Theentirecomplexhasbeendesignedinsuchawayastocreateawiderangeofoptions
tosuitthewidestpossiblerangeofusers.Theproposedfacilitiesaretocounteractthelackof
prospects,characteristicformanysmalltowns,andtheconceptsofproposedfunctions–to
givethepossibilitytoretrainandgiveemploymentopportunitiestothepopulationthatis
losingtheirjobsduetodownsizingintheminingindustry.Forsomeofthebuildings,their
featuresareflexible,givingthepossibilitytoproduceincomefromtheirusage(rentingfor
purposessuchas:events,fairs,workshops,concerts,conferences,sportsactivitiesetc.).
3. Conclusions
The presented concept meets the problems and issues described by the author (Daria
Grochowska)inthearticle[1],whichare:sustainability,accessibility,diversification,open
space,compatibility,incentives,adaptability,densityandidentityoftheplace.Thekeyrole
oftherevitalizationistooptimizethebalanceofdevelopmentoftheeconomicandecological
area, with the use of energy-efficient and innovative solutions and technologies that are
implementedintheconstructionofnewfacilitiesandtherenovationoftheexistingones.
Using the unquestionable advantages of the location and the rich history of PKWK
‘Jawiszowice’,theauthortriedtotransferwesterntrendstoPolishreality,whilerespectingthe
culturalvaluesoftheregion.Itishopedthatthesestudieswillbeusefulintherevitalization
worksofminesandotherobjectsofthistypeinPoland.
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