Lessons for Korea
Two Decades of German Unification
Germany Resources
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Images from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki and https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html
A Resource Packet for Educators
And World
Affairs Council
Members
RESOURCES COMPILED BY:
Lauren Feng, Ismaila Maidadi,
Tese Wintz Neighbor, Nathan Sharpe
WORLD AFFAIRS COUNCIL
September 13, 2011
LESSONS FOR KOREA:
TWO DECADES OF GERMAN UNIFICATION
Table of Contents – Germany
LESSONS FOR KOREA: TWO DECADES OF GERMAN UNIFICATION.......2
Resources................................................................................. 2
HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF GERMANY .................................... 6
Information Sheet .................................................................... 6
Maps .........................................................................................7
Timeline ................................................................................... 9
REUNIFICATION ISSUES ................................................................. 11
Resources................................................................................ 11
Lesson Plans & Activities .........................................................12
GERMANY AND THE ECONOMY ...................................................... 14
Information Sheet ...................................................................14
Resources................................................................................14
Lesson Plans & Activities ......................................................... 15
GERMANY AS PART OF THE EUROPEAN UNION .............................. 16
Information Sheet ...................................................................16
Resources................................................................................16
Lesson Plans & Activities ......................................................... 17
21ST CENTURY ISSUES................................................................... 18
International Relations and Foreign Policy ..............................18
Environmental Issues ..............................................................19
BOOKS/ FILMS/ NEWS AND LOCAL RESOURCES.............................. 20
Books ..................................................................................... 20
Feature Films ..........................................................................23
Documentaries....................................................................... 24
German News Sources ........................................................... 24
General Lesson Plans, Activities, and Teacher Resources ....... 25
Local Germany-Related Organizations ................................... 27
INTEGRATING STEM TOPICS INTO YOUR TEACHING ....................... 28
USING THIS RESOURCE GUIDE
Packet published: 09/13/2011
Websites checked: 5/5/2011
Please note: many descriptions
were excerpted directly from
the websites.
Recommended Resources
Maps
Audio
Video / PowerPoint /
Photos
Charts and Graphs
Educational Games
Science, Technology,
Engineering, and Math
Resources
Lesson Plans /
Educational Resources
LESSONS FOR KOREA: TWO DECADES OF GERMAN UNIFICATION
RESOURCES
A EUROPEAN VIEW OF THE KOREAN PENINSULA (4/16/2010)
http://asiasociety.org/centers/korea/european-view-korean-peninsula
In this summary of an April 2010 event, Germany's Ambassador to Seoul, His Excellency Dr. Hans-Ulrich
Seidt, cited his own country's experience with reunification in prescribing what South Korea should do to
prepare for unification with the North.
Speaking at the monthly luncheon lecture to Asia Society Korea Center
members, Seidt cautioned against overconfidence when planning for
“South Korea is looking to its
reunification, and also recommended looking at China's reunification with
future by examining
Hong Kong as another potential model.
Germany’s past.”
A UNITED KOREA: REASSESSING THE RISKS (11/17/2009)
http://asiasociety.org/policy-politics/strategic-challenges/intraasia/united-korea-reassessing-risks
This is a summary of a speech given in Seoul by Goohoo Kwon, Vice
President and Executive Director at Goldman Sachs in 2009. He
addressed the risks and benefits of unification in Korea.
- Christine Kim, Korea JoongAng Daily
http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=293
5964
COMPARING NORTH KOREA TO EAST GERMANY (4/9/2011)
http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/04/09/comparing-north-korea-to-east-germany/
“Whenever it comes, Korean unification will be more expensive per capita, more destabilising and more
prone to outside intervention than that of Germany.” The author continues the article by comparing and
contrasting North Korea to East Germany and South Korea to West Germany. A continuation of this East
Asia Forum article can be found on the author’s website.
GERMAN REUNIFICATION MODEL NOT FOR SEOUL (11/4/2005)
http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1548286,00.html
This Deutsche Welle article puts forth an argument for why
German’s reunification process does not provide a good
model for Korea, largely due to economic differences.
Suggested STEM activity: Use the CIA
World Factbook entries on Germany,
North Korea, and South Korea to
compare their economic statuses. Do
you agree or disagree with this article
from Deutsche Welle?
LEE DISCUSSES N. KOREA WITH LEADERS OF GERMAN
UNIFICATION (05/10/2011)
http://www.koreaherald.com/national/Detail.jsp?newsMLI
d=20110510000302
South Korean President Lee Myung-bak met in May 2011
with four leaders of the 1990 German reunification in
Berlin to hear their experiences and advice in preparing for South Korea’s reunification with North Korea.
World Affairs Council Teacher Resource Packet Lessons for Korea: Two Decades of German Unification
September 13, 2011
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LESSONS FOR KOREA: TWO DECADES OF GERMAN UNIFICATION
CLASSROOM DISCUSSION TOPIC:
COMMUNICATION IN A DIVIDED NATION
Communication with the outside world can often be restricted in a divided or
controversial nation. Read this Newseum article on media and communication
during World War II and the Berlin Wall era in Germany to learn about
communication in a divided country. Using this as a backdrop, how is this
situation similar or different from Korea’s situation today? Read the articles
below from The Korea Herald and d-sector.org to learn more about communication
in North Korea.
http://www.newseum.org/berlinwall/essay.htm
http://www.koreaherald.com/national/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20110615000861
http://www.d-sector.org/article-det.asp?id=1468
Discussion Questions:
1. How might restricting communication be beneficial to the North Korean
government?
2. What role did the media play in Germany’s reunification?
3. What differences would a society experience with restricted media and
restricted communication with the outside world?
4. What challenges might this history of restricted communication pose to
Korea’s unification efforts?
5. Do you think that news and media organizations should be able to report
on any story or topic they choose? Why or why not? What restrictions, if
any, should they have?
World Affairs Council Teacher Resource Packet Lessons for Korea: Two Decades of German Unification
September 13, 2011
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LESSONS FOR KOREA: TWO DECADES OF GERMAN UNIFICATION
PARALLEL ECONOMIES: WHAT THE NORTH AND SOUTH KOREANS CAN LEARN FROM THE REUNIFICATION OF GERMANY
The Economist (12/29/2010, from the print edition)
http://www.economist.com/node/17800091
South Koreans dread the prospect of renewed fighting across the “38th parallel” that divides their country from the
communist North. But not all of them savour the alternative ending for their cold war: rapprochement and reunification.
North Korea’s indigence is almost as scary as its belligerence. The collapse of its rogue dictatorship—improbable but not
unthinkable—would replace a military threat with a variety of economic perils, including a possible flood of cheap migrant
labour and costly obligations to support the North’s people and infrastructure. Germany’s example is hardly reassuring. Two
decades after reunification, the East still subtracts heavily from Germany’s budget and adds greatly to its unemployment
figures.
Before the last Korean war in 1950, the North was home to most of the country’s heavy industry. As late as 1975, its income
per head still exceeded the South’s, according to Eui-Gak Hwang of Korea University in Seoul. “Obviously, sooner or later the
country must be reunited,” wrote Joan Robinson, a Cambridge economist, in 1977, “by absorbing the South into socialism.”
South Korea’s central bank reckons that North Korea’s annual income per person was only $960 in 2009, or about 5% of
South Korea’s. (This estimate values the North’s output using South Korea’s prices and its exchange rate against the dollar.)
This disparity dwarfs the income gap between the two Germanys on the eve of reunification (see chart). Poorer than East
Germany, North Korea is also bigger. Its population of 24m is about half the size of the South’s, whereas East Germany’s was
only about a quarter the size of the West’s.
If the Koreas reunified, the government would face a stark choice. It could try to fill the gap in living standards between North
and South, through handouts, public investment and subsidies. Or it could brace itself for heavy migration, as poor
Northerners moved to the South in search of higher wages. Germany leaned towards the first option. East German Ostmark
wages were converted into West German D-marks at a rate of one to one, then raised by union pressure closer to Western
levels. This allayed fears that migrant workers would flood into the West, or that capital would flood out. But it also deterred
private investment in the East—except for heavily subsidised property speculation which ultimately failed—and priced many
of its workers out of the market.
World Affairs Council Teacher Resource Packet Lessons for Korea: Two Decades of German Unification
September 13, 2011
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LESSONS FOR KOREA: TWO DECADES OF GERMAN UNIFICATION
Michael Funke of Hamburg University and Holger Strulik of the Leibniz University in Hanover are two of the many
economists who have studied Germany’s reunification. In 2005 they used the same framework to model the Korean case.
Their calculations (which they describe as “rigorous speculation”) illustrate the scale of the problem. To equalise the
standard of living in both parts of the country would initially cost over half of the South’s tax revenues. The government
could reduce the fiscal burden to 30% of revenues, but only at the cost of receiving 8m migrants, the two economists
estimate.
The government could, of course, spread the cost over time by borrowing abroad: there is no reason why today’s Koreans
should pay the full cost of reunifying their country. And in principle, North Korea’s productivity might catch up with the
South’s quite rapidly. Because capital is scarce in the North, returns should in theory be high. Investors will be drawn to its
promising location, its raw materials and its workers, who are young, reasonably well educated and cheap. (Many South
Korean and Chinese firms have already taken the plunge. Hyundai Asan and Korea Land Corporation, for example, run the
Kaesong Industrial Complex a few miles inside the North. It hosts 116 factories, employing 40,000 North Koreans, producing
over $20m-worth of textiles, chemicals, electronics and other goods a month.)
Despite North Korea’s obstinate commitment to central planning, the market is growing like a vine in the cracks of the
socialist edifice. In their new book, “Witness to Transformation”, Stephan Haggard and Marcus Noland document this
market reform “from below”, drawing on surveys of refugees in South Korea and China. They find that 62% of the refugees
in China had relied on the market as their primary source of food; only 3% relied on the state. And almost 70% of the
refugees said they got more than half of their income from some form of private enterprise, such as selling crops or repairing
bikes.
North Koreans have turned to the market out of sheer desperation. During the famine of the mid-1990s, for example, the
public distribution system broke down, forcing households to rear livestock, collect acorns and sea algae, or cultivate crops
in their kitchens. Informal markets sprouted, as people either bent the law or defied it. In 2002 some of these exchanges
were decriminalised. But from 2005 the regime cracked down again.
Planning the end of planning
This surreptitious system of truck, barter and exchange might eventually be the kernel of a more dynamic market economy.
But the breakdown of North Korea’s central planning is a mixed blessing. One of the few communist countries to liberalise
its economy without a big drop in output was China. It did so by keeping its central plan in place long enough to grow out of
it. In the early years of reform, households and firms kept their centrally allotted entitlements and obligations. But they were
free to sell or buy anything extra for whatever they could get. This allowed prices to do their job of signaling scarcity and
abundance, even as it avoided the disruptions and hardship suffered by other transition economies.
North Korea would profit from following China’s example, argues Gérard Roland of the University of California, Berkeley. (At
the very least, households should be entitled to a ration of essential goods at controlled prices.) Before the North can make a
successful transition to a market economy, therefore, it may have to revive something like its public distribution system. The
country’s best route may lie in reviving a rudimentary plan.
HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF GERMANY
The path to a market economy will no doubt be bumpy. South Korea’s communist sibling is both poorer and more populous
than West Germany’s ever was. But as Messrs Funke, Strulik and Roland all point out, the Koreas have one advantage
SHEET:
GermanyINFORMATION
lacked. They can learn
fromGERMANY
its example. AT A GLANCE
World Affairs Council Teacher Resource Packet Lessons for Korea: Two Decades of German Unification
September 13, 2011
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HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF GERMANY
As Europe's largest economy and second most populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member
of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed
Germany in two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied
by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of
the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)
and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key
Western economic and security organizations, the EC, which became the EU, and NATO, while the
Communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the USSR and the
end of the Cold War allowed for German unification in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended
considerable funds to bring Eastern productivity and wages up to Western standards. In January 1999,
Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro. In
January 2011, Germany assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2011-12 term.
Excerpted from CIA World Factbook:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html
COUNTRY PROFILES
CIA WORLD FACTBOOK – COUNTRY PROFILE ON GERMANY
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html
BBC NEWS – COUNTRY PROFILE ON GERMANY
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1047864.stm
A brief overview of Germany and its economy, people, and government.
GERMANY’S OFFICIAL NATIONAL WEBSITE
http://www.germany.travel/en/
The official website of Germany. Maintained by the German National Tourist Board, this website is in
English and helps to promote interest and tourism to foreigners.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE’S BACKGROUND NOTES ON GERMANY
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3997.htm
These notes include facts about the people, history, government, political conditions, economy, foreign
relations, U.S. relations and travel/business.
World Affairs Council Teacher Resource Packet Lessons for Korea: Two Decades of German Unification
September 13, 2011
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HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF GERMANY
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/maps/maptemplate_gm.html
BASIC FACTS
Area: 357,114 sq. km. (137,846 sq. mi.); about the size of Montana.
Cities: Capital – Berlin (population about 3.41 million in 2007). Other cities – Hamburg, Munich, Cologne,
Frankfurt, Essen, Dortmund, Stuttgart, Dusseldorf, Bremen, Hanover.
Terrain: Low plain in the north; high plains, hills, and basins in the center and east; mountainous alpine
region in the south.
Climate: Temperate; cooler and rainier than much of the United States.
Population (January 1, 2010 estimate): 82,329,758
Urban population (2008): 74%
Ethnic groups (2010): German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, other 6.1
Religions: Protestant 34%; Roman Catholic 34%; Muslim 3.7%; unaffiliated or other 28.3%.
Official Language: German
From U.S. Department of State: Germany -http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3997.htm
World Affairs Council Teacher Resource Packet Lessons for Korea: Two Decades of German Unification
September 13, 2011
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HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF GERMANY
http://english.freemap.jp/europe_e/germany_kouiki_1.html
On this page, you can download the map of Germany. These maps are free of charge. For a blank map, use
the link below:
http://english.freemap.jp/blankmap_dl.php?area=europe_e&country=germany_kouiki_1&file_name=2.g
if
LONELY PLANET MAPS OF GERMANY
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/europe/germany/
On their website, Lonely Planet offers a map of Germany and several maps of Germany’s largest cities .
GERMANY’S FLAG
The German flag has three equal horizontal bands
of black (top), red (middle) and gold (bottom).
These colors are important in German history and
can be traced back to the medieval banner of the
Holy Roman Empire: a black eagle with red claws
and beak on a gold field.
https://www.cia.gov/library/pub lications/t
he-world-factbook/geos/gm.html
World Affairs Council Teacher Resource Packet Lessons for Korea: Two Decades of German Unification
September 13, 2011
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HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF GERMANY
TIMELINE OF GERMAN HISTORY FROM BBC’S COUNTRY PROFILE
Early Modern Germany
1871 - Otto von Bismarck achieves unification of Germany under leadership of Prussia; new German
Empire's authoritarian constitution creates elected national parliament (Reichstag) but gives Kaiser
(emperor) extensive powers.
1888 - Start of William II's reign; start of trend towards colonial expansion and build-up of German navy
to compete with Britain's; rapid growth of Germany's economic power.
1890 - Growing workers' movement culminates in founding of Social Democratic Party (SPD).
1914-1918 - World War I
1918 - Germany defeated, signs armistice. Emperor William II abdicates and goes into exile.
1919 - Treaty of Versailles: Germany loses colonies and land to neighbours, pays large-scale reparations.
Beginning of the Weimar Republic based on a new constitution. Its early years are marked by high
unemployment and rampant inflation.
1923 - Adolf Hitler, head of the National Socialist German Workers' (Nazi) Party, leads an abortive coup in
a Munich beer hall. France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr over failed reparation payments. Hyperinflation
leads to economic collapse.
1924 - Hitler writes Mein Kampf - "My Struggle" - in prison.
1929 - Global depression, mass unemployment.
Third Reich
1933 - Hitler becomes chancellor. Weimar Republic gives way to a one-party state. Systematic
persecution of Germany's Jews escalates. Hitler proclaims the Third Reich in 1934.
1935 - Germany begins to re-arm. Nuremberg Laws deprive German Jews of citizenship.
1936 - Berlin Olympics.
1938 - Annexation of Austria and Sudetenland. Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) sees orchestrated
attacks on Jews and their property as well as synagogues.
1939-1945 - Invasion of Poland triggers World War II. Millions of people of all ages, mostly Jews but also
large numbers of Gypsies, Slavs and other races, the disabled and homosexuals, die in the Holocaust as
the Nazis implement an extermination policy in the death camps of eastern Europe.
1945 - German army defeated. Allies divide Germany into occupation zones.
1945-1946 - Nuremberg war crimes trials.
Divided Country
1949 - Germany is divided. The US, French and British zones in the west become the Federal Republic of
Germany led by Konrad Adenauer of the Christian Democratic Party (CDU). The Soviet zone in the east
becomes the communist German Democratic Republic led by Walter Ulbricht.
1950s - Start of rapid economic growth in West Germany.
World Affairs Council Teacher Resource Packet Lessons for Korea: Two Decades of German Unification
September 13, 2011
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HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF GERMANY
1955 - West Germany joins NATO; East Germany joins the Warsaw Pact.
1957 - West Germany joins the European Economic Community.
1961 - Construction of the Berlin Wall.
1968 - East German constitution declares unification impossible until the West becomes socialist.
1969 - Willy Brandt becomes chancellor and seeks better ties with the Soviet Union and East Germany.
1971 - Walter Ulbricht is succeeded in East by Erich Honecker.
1973 - East and West Germany join the UN.
1974 - Brandt resigns after spy revelations surrounding one of his aides. New Chancellor Helmut Schmidt
continues Brandt's "Ostpolitik" (eastern policies).
Wall Tumbles
1982 - Christian Democrat Helmut Kohl becomes chancellor.
1987 - East German leader Erich Honecker pays a first official visit to West.
1989 - Mass exodus of East Germans as Soviet bloc countries relax travel restrictions.
Berlin Wall is torn down.
1990 - Kohl leads a reunified Germany.
1991 - Parliament names Berlin the new capital.
1992 - Erich Honecker is brought back to Berlin from Moscow to face political charges.
1993 - Germany joins the Maastricht Treaty on European Union.
1994 - Honecker dies. Kohl re-elected. Constitutional court rules that German troops can participate in
UN peacekeeping operations outside NATO. Russian and Allied troops leave Berlin.
Modern Events
2001 - European Court of Human Rights rules that three former East German Communist leaders should
serve jail terms for sanctioning a policy of shooting would-be escapees at the Berlin Wall. The Court said
that the men - among them the last East German leader Egon Krenz – had violated human rights law.
2002 - Euro replaces Deutsche Mark (DM).
2004 - Tens of thousands protest in streets, particularly in eastern regions, over government plans to cut
unemployment benefit and other welfare and labour reforms.
2005 - Edited East German secret police files on former chancellor Helmut Kohl made available to
researchers under certain conditions. Mr. Kohl had fought a long legal battle to prevent publication.
2005 - Angela Merkel of the CDU becomes chancellor in a "grand coalition" involving the CDU and SPD.
2006 - Unemployment falls below 4 million for the first time in four years.
2008 - Chancellor Angela Merkel makes historic address to Israeli parliament (Knesset) during a trip
marking the 60th anniversary of the founding of Israel. Her address is the first ever given to the Knesset
by a German head of government.
Excerpted from BBC News: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1053880.stm
World Affairs Council Teacher Resource Packet Lessons for Korea: Two Decades of German Unification
September 13, 2011
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REUNIFICATION ISSUES
RESOURCES
A SHORT HISTORY OF GERMAN REUNIFICATION
http://www.london.diplo.de/Vertretung/london/en/01/Feste/Tag__der__Deutschen__Einheit/History__of
__reunification__seite.html
A short history of German Reunification from the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany London.
THE NEW YORK TIMES ARTICLES ABOUT GERMAN REUNIFICATION (from 1987 – 1995)
http://www.nytimes.com/keyword/german-reunification
This website lists archived articles published by The New York Times
Worth noting: This series of articles
from 1987 through 1995 on the subject of German reunification.
were written during the fall of the
Read articles, thoughts, and opinions about the German
Berlin Wall and the German
reunification process, written while the events were unfolding.
Reunification.
KOHL SEES ROLE FOR OTHER NATIONS IN TALKS ON UNITY (3/9/1990)
http://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/09/world/kohl-sees-role-for-other-nations-in-talks-onunity.html?src=pm
This article, published by The New York Times in 1990, offers readers a glimpse at the political situation
with Germany and its neighbors around the time of reunification. A helpful look into history.
50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE BERLIN WALL IN PICTURES
http://www.london.diplo.de/__Zentrale_20Komponenten/Ganze__Seiten/en/__Bildergalerien/50__Jahre
__Mauerbau__Bildergalerie__en.html?site=82311
“The Berlin Wall no longer exists, but it remains a part of Germany’s history. The Berlin Wall is a part of
history that must be spoken about, not consigned to the archives. The Berlin Wall has a great deal to
show and teach us. Not only about a central chapter in recent German history, but about freedom and
lack of freedom in the world,” said Federal Foreign Minister Westerwelle at the opening of the exhibition
“The Wall” in the atrium of the Federal Foreign Office. This resource from the Embassy of the Federal
Republic of Germany in London teaches about the Berlin Wall through historical photographs.
20 YEARS AFTER FALL OF BERLIN WALL, SOME IRON CURTAIN DIVISIONS REMAIN (11/9/2009)
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/europe/july-dec09/wall_11-09.html
Twenty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, world leaders gathered at Brandenburg gate to mark the
historic event. This article contains written quotes and audio-file interviews with world leaders and
leading scholars. Also includes the results of a Pew Research Center survey.
GERMANY CELEBRATES THE FALL OF THE WALL (11/10/2009)
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/video/blog/2009/11/germany_celebrates_the_fall_of.html
This seven minute video summarizes the 20th Anniversary celebration of the fall of the Berlin
Wall. Included are a brief summary of events, interviews with key leaders, and discussion
questions for the classroom.
BERLIN AND THE TWO GERMANIES: 1945 – 1989 (03/1990)
http://art.members.sonic.net/unify90/index.html
A ten-part lecture on Germany from the end of WWII to the end of the cold war, delivered in March of
1990. Suggestions on student exercises are provided for each section of the lecture. A follow-up lecture
from November of 1994 is also available, and it‘s entitled “German Unification: Five Years After.”
(http://art.members.sonic.net/unify94/index.html).
World Affairs Council Teacher Resource Packet Lessons for Korea: Two Decades of German Unification
September 13, 2011
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REUNIFICATION ISSUES
“THE WALL” – BERLIN WALL DOCUMENTARY (1962)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nch5MbnvTqY
Created in 1962, "The Wall" is a 9-minute documentary sharing personal stories of how families were
affected immediately after the erection of the Berlin Wall.
LESSON PLANS & ACTIVITIES
FIELD TRIP TO BERLIN: INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE FOR GRADES 6-12
http://www.toponline.org/dvd/fieldtrip_guide_web.pdf
Designed for middle and high school students, this lesson plan is used in conjunction with the 24-minute
“Field Trip to Berlin” video. The DVD can be requested, free of charge, here:
http://reports.balmar.com/goethe/goetheform.aspx. The lesson is designed to teach students about key
milestones in Germany’s post World War II history, as it journeyed from division to unification to a
member of the European Union and a global leader.
THE BERLIN WALL 20 YEARS AFTER THE FALL: USING NEWSHOUR EXTRA FEATURE STORIES (IN THE CLASSROOM)
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/teachers/lessonplans/world/july-dec09/berlinwall_11-06.pdf
This article marks the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall by reflecting on its ramifications in
German and world history. Discuss the article with your class, and learn more about World War II, the
Cold War, and German history.
GERMANY TODAY (TOPIC 2, LESSON 1: WHY WAS GERMANY UNIFIED AFTER YEARS DIVIDED?) (2007)
http://www.toponline.org/books/kits/germany%20today/germanytoday/topic2lesson1.html
Germany Today is a curriculum packet published by the Transatlantic Outreach Program at the GoetheInstitut. It is written for middle and high school classes, and is available in print or electronic form.
Lesson 1 of Topic 2, entitled “Why was Germany unified after years divided?”, discusses events leading
up to the reunification, and reflections from teachers and students on The Fall of the Berlin Wall and the
reunification process. Includes focus questions, maps, timelines, and articles.
NEWSEUM: THE BERLIN WALL
http://www.newseum.org/berlinwall/index.htm
This informational site about the Berlin Wall is geared towards students, and includes an interactive
interface, pictures, timelines, and quizzes.
CULTUREGRAMS LESSON: GERMAN UNIFICATION
http://www.proquestk12.com/bulletins/09NOV/TM_CultureGrams.shtml
Designed for high school classes, this ProQuest K-12 lesson plan asks students to evaluate and analyze
the challenges Germany faced in unification, partially using examples of other countries. Any two
countries could be used for the discussion, but this is a good opportunity to include and discuss the issues
currently facing North and South Korea.
GERMAN REUNIFICATION LESSON PLANS AND WORKSHEETS
http://www.lessonplanet.com/search?keywords=german+reunification&media=lesson
Lesson Planet has many lesson plans available to help students explore Germany’s process of
reunification. World History lessons and worksheets are available, including activities, research, maps,
graph data, and document analysis to develop an understanding of the reunification of Germany.
World Affairs Council Teacher Resource Packet Lessons for Korea: Two Decades of German Unification
September 13, 2011
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REUNIFICATION ISSUES
Map taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Karte_berliner_mauer_en.jpg
Did you know?.....
The Berlin wall consisted of 66 miles worth of concrete wall (which was 11.8 feet tall), 41
miles of wire mesh fencing, 65 miles of anti-vehicle trenches, and 79 miles of signal
fencing.
http://www.nationalcoldwarexhibition.org/learn/berlin-wall/berlin-wall-facts-figures.cfm
World Affairs Council Teacher Resource Packet Lessons for Korea: Two Decades of German Unification
September 13, 2011
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GERMANY AND THE ECONOMY
INFORMATION SHEET
The German economy--the fifth-largest in the world in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms and Europe's
largest--is a leading exporter of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, and household equipment and benefits
from a highly skilled labor force. Like its Western European neighbors, Germany faces significant
demographic challenges to sustained long-term growth. Low fertility rates and declining net immigration
are increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system and have compelled the government to
undertake structural reforms. The modernization and integration of the eastern German economy-where unemployment can exceed 20% in some municipalities--continues to be a costly long-term
process, with total transfers from west to east amounting to roughly $3 trillion so far.
GDP contracted by nearly 5% in 2009, which was the steepest dropoff in output since World War II. The
turnaround has been swift: Germany’s export-dependent economy is expected to grow by 3.5% in 2010
and a further 2% in 2011, with exports to emerging markets playing an increasingly important role. The
German labor market also showed a strong performance in 2010, with the unemployment rate dropping
to 7.5%, its lowest level in 17 years. Economists attribute the decrease in unemployment to the extensive
use of government-sponsored "short-time" (Kurzarbeit) work programs, as well as to structural reforms
implemented under the government of former Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder. Thanks to stronger-thanexpected tax revenues, Germany’s deficit will reach €50 billion (U.S. $68.5 billion) in 2010, or roughly 4%
of GDP, significantly less than previously forecast. The European Union (EU) has given Germany until
2013 to get its consolidated budget deficit below 3% of GDP, and a new constitutional amendment limits
the federal government to structural deficits of no more than 0.35% of GDP per annum as of 2016. The
government’s 4-year fiscal consolidation program worth approximately €80 billion (U.S. $109.6 billion) is
intended to meet both targets. Positive economic trends make it likely that Germany may achieve its
goals ahead of schedule.
Excerpted from U.S. Department of State’s Background Notes on Germany:
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3997.htm
RESOURCES
GERMANY KEY TO SOLVING EUROPEAN DEBT CRISIS (8/17/2011)
http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2011/08/17/f-germany-crisis.html
As concern continues to grow about the deepening financial crisis in Europe, Germany's crucial role in the
economy of the region is becoming more and more apparent. It is not simply that Germany has the
largest economy in Europe; it's that "the fate of Europe depends on Germany… While the economies of
most European Union countries have been languishing since 2008, Germany's economy has been
booming since the country managed to quickly emerge from the global financial crisis that hobbled many
others.
IN RECESSION BATTLE, GERMANY AND CHINA ARE WINNERS (7/1/2010)
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/30/AR2010063004199.html
The Great Recession rolls on, but it's not too early to single out the major powers that have come through
the wreckage in the best shape. They are the ones the other major nations implore for help -- to bail out
weaker economies, to diminish their dominance of the world's production and start consuming more
themselves. There are just two such nations: China and Germany… In Germany, unemployment has been
running a point or two below ours, and exports remain high. Thanks to its favorable trade balance,
Germany's finances are the strongest in Europe, which is why German monetary guarantees have been
key to the future of both Greece and the euro.
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GERMANY AND THE ECONOMY
WALTZING WITH THE ELEPHANT: THE PAINFUL BUT INEVITABLE CONVERGENCE OF GERMANY AND THE EUROPERIPHERY (12/20/2010)
http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2010/1220_german_economy_bastasin/1220_germa
n_economy_bastasin.pdf
Despite an incredibly severe global economic crisis, the number of unemployed people in Germany has
been shrinking: in January 2005 unemployment rolls in Germany topped five million, and today they
number less than three million. Recently the OECD forecasted that in the next two years Germany will
overcome China as the country with the world’s highest balance of payments surplus reaching 7.6 % of
GNP. For some eurozone countries, coping with Germany’s economic stellar performance is becoming as
difficult as waltzing with an elephant. Learn about Germany’s relative success during the economic
downturn, and what one author believes it indicates about the future of the European Union.
HISTORY POINTS TO FISCAL SOLUTION TO EURO CRISIS (9/6/2011)
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/06/us-eurozone-history-idUSTRE7854EB20110906
It's a lesson that Germany might not want to hear, but history suggests that greater centralization of tax
and spending powers is the outcome when monetary unions run into crises like the one now sorely
testing the euro zone.
LESSON PLANS & ACTIVITIES
ECONOMIC ISSUES IN GERMANY
http://www.goethe.de/ins/us/atl/pro/top/pdf/lponeil.pdf
This extensive lesson plan from the Goethe-Institut allows students to compare and contrast the
command and market economic systems and explain the effects on the former East Germans as they
have transitioned from the command to the market economy. Includes an extensive set of worksheets
and word searches to help students grasp economic issues, using East Germany as the core example.
The lesson plan is geared towards middle school students who are studying introductory economics.
GERMANY, ECONOMICS, AND POLITICS (2009)
http://www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk/Secondary/History/1416/EdexcelGCSEHistoryAMWH/Samples/EdexcelGCSEMWHLessonplansandworksheets/GCSEHistoryM
WH_2AKeytopic1lessonplansandworksheets.doc
th
These lesson plans focus on the economy in Germany, particularly in the early 20 Century. The fourth
page in particular focuses on economic problems faced by Germany from 1918-1923.
GERMANY AS PART OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
INFORMATION SHEET
Following the two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century, a number of European
leaders in the late 1940s became convinced that the only way to establish a lasting peace was to unite the
two chief belligerent nations - France and Germany - both economically and politically. In 1950, the
French Foreign Minister Robert SCHUMAN proposed an eventual union of all Europe, the first step of
which would be the integration of the coal and steel industries of Western Europe. The following year the
European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was set up when six members, Belgium, France, West
Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, signed the Treaty of Paris.
The ECSC was so successful that within a few years the decision was made to integrate other elements of
the countries' economies. In 1957, envisioning an "ever closer union," the Treaties of Rome created the
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GERMANY AS PART OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), and the
six member states undertook to eliminate trade barriers among themselves by forming a common
market. In 1967, the institutions of all three communities were formally merged into the European
Community (EC), creating a single Commission, a single Council of Ministers, and the body known today
as the European Parliament. Members of the European Parliament were initially selected by national
parliaments, but in 1979 the first direct elections were undertaken and they have been held every five
years since.
In 1973, the first enlargement of the EC took place with the addition of Denmark, Ireland, and the United
Kingdom. The 1980s saw further membership expansion with Greece joining in 1981 and Spain and
Portugal in 1986. The 1992 Treaty of Maastricht laid the basis for further forms of cooperation in foreign
and defense policy, in judicial and internal affairs, and in the creation of an economic and monetary union
- including a common currency. This further integration created the European Union (EU), at the time
standing alongside the European Community. In 1995, Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU/EC,
raising the membership total to 15.
A new currency, the euro, was launched in world money markets on 1 January 1999; it became the unit of
exchange for all EU member states except the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Denmark. In 2002, citizens
of those 12 countries began using euro banknotes and coins. Ten new countries joined the EU in 2004 Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia and in 2007 Bulgaria and Romania joined, bringing the membership to 27, where it stands today.
In an effort to ensure that the EU could function efficiently with an expanded membership, the Treaty of
Nice (signed in 2000) set forth rules aimed at streamlining the size and procedures of EU institutions. An
effort to establish a "Constitution for Europe," growing out of a Convention held in 2002-2003, foundered
when it was rejected in referenda in France and the Netherlands in 2005. A subsequent effort in 2007
incorporated many of the features of the rejected Constitution while also making a number of
substantive and symbolic changes. The new treaty, the Treaty of Lisbon, sought to amend existing
treaties rather than replace them. The treaty was approved at the EU intergovernmental conference of
the 27 member states held in Lisbon in December 2007, after which the process of national ratifications
began. In October 2009, an Irish referendum approved the Lisbon Treaty (overturning a previous
rejection) and cleared the
way for an ultimate unanimous endorsement. Poland and the Czech Republic signed on soon after. The
Lisbon Treaty, again invoking the idea of an "ever closer union," came into force on 1 December 2009 and
the European Union officially replaced and succeeded the European Community.
The evolution of what is today the European Union (EU) from a regional economic agreement among six
neighboring states in 1951 to today's hybrid intergovernmental and supranational organization of 27
countries across the European continent stands as an unprecedented phenomenon in the annals of
history. Dynastic unions for territorial consolidation were long the norm in Europe, and on a few
occasions even country-level unions were. But for such a large number of nation-states to cede some of
their sovereignty to an overarching entity is unique.
Although the EU is not a federation in the strict sense, it is far more than a free-trade association such as
ASEAN, NAFTA, or Mercosur, and it has certain attributes associated with independent nations: its own
flag, currency (for some members), and law-making abilities, as well as diplomatic representation and a
common foreign and security policy in its dealings with external
partners.
Excerpted from CIA World Factbook: European Union:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/ee.html
World Affairs Council Teacher Resource Packet Lessons for Korea: Two Decades of German Unification
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Did you know?
The European Union’s official
“national anthem” is “Ode to
Joy” by Beethoven.
16
GERMANY AS PART OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
RESOURCES
EUROPA: GATEWAY TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
http://europa.eu/index_en.htm
This website covers general information about the European Union, including categories such as basic
information, facts and figures, policies and activities, publications and documents, media, and “your life
in the EU”. Information is also provided about individual member countries, including Germany
(http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/germany/index_en.htm). The Teacher’s Corner
provides helpful lesson plans and resources for teachers learning and teaching about the European Union
(http://europa.eu/teachers-corner/index_en.htm).
EUROPE IN THE MAKING
http://www.aede.eu/traineurope.html
Part of the “TRAINEUROPE” Program by the European Association of Teachers (AEDE), this website
provides information for teachers on general European issues. Some examples of topics covered are: the
history of the euro, socio-economic cultures of the EU, European citizenship, and cultural diversity in the
EU. The AEDE website also includes a timeline of the development of the European Union, and relevant
data, graphs, charts, terminology, and maps.
TEACH EUROPE
http://www.teacheurope.org/resources.php
The resource section of Teach Europe’s website has an extensive list of websites and resources covering
the history, member countries, and news of the European Union.
CIA WORLD FACTBOOK: EUROPEAN UNION
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ee.html
The CIA World Factbook’s summary of the European Union provides useful information and statistics
regarding the EU’s history, geography, people, government, economy, communications, transportation,
military, and transnational issues.
A TIMELINE OF THE EU (3/12/2007)
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3583801.stm
This BBC article provides a helpful timeline for the creation and development of the European Union.
BANKING ON THE EURO (1/1/1999)
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/europe/jan-june99/euro_1-1.html
This is a PBS Online NewsHour discussion between four policy experts regarding the political and
economic ramifications of a unified currency in Europe. Listen to or read the full written transcript.
LESSON PLANS & ACTIVITIES
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
www.outreachworld.org/Files/IU/IntroEU_update.doc
This lesson plan is created by Outreach World: A Resource for Teaching Kids about the World. It leads
classes through discussion about the beginning, evolution, organization, and future of the European
Union. Included are discussion and quiz questions.
GERMANY IN EUROPE: ENDURING ISSUES (2007)
http://www.toponline.org/books/kits/germany%20in%20europe/introduction.html
Published by the Transatlantic Outreach Program at the Goethe-Institut, this packet is filled with lesson
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GERMANY AS PART OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
plans about Germany and the European Union. Geared towards middle and high school students, this
packet is available to teachers electronically or in a printed booklet. Lesson plans focus on governance
and economic issues in the European Union, and Germany’s changing place in Europe and in the world.
GERMANY TODAY (TOPIC #1: GERMANY’S CHANGING POSITION IN EUROPE AND THE WORLD) (2007)
http://www.toponline.org/books/kits/germany%20today/germanytoday/topic1.html
Germany Today is a curriculum packet published by the Transatlantic Outreach Program at the GoetheInstitut. It is written for middle and high school classes, and is available in print or electronic form. Topic
#1, entitled “Germany’s Changing Position in Europe and the World”, deals with Germany’s role in
Europe and the world, and addresses its geographic, economic, and political importance.
EUROPEAN UNION CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE
http://www.euce.org/education/k12plans.php
The European Union Centers of Excellence provide a clearinghouse of lesson plans about the European
Union, all of which were created by K-12 or community college educators. Subject areas include: French,
German, Language Arts, Math, Science, Social Studies, Spanish, and Technology.
21ST CENTURY ISSUES
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Germany continues to emphasize close ties with the United States, membership in NATO, and the
"deepening" of integration among current members of the EU. The Federal Republic of Germany took
part in all of the joint postwar efforts aimed at closer political, economic, and defense cooperation
among the countries of Western Europe. Germany has been a large net contributor to the EU budget.
Germany also is a strong supporter of the United Nations and of the Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). In October 2010, Germany was elected to a 2-year term as a nonpermanent member of the United Nations Security Council beginning in January 2011.
During the postwar era, the Federal Republic of Germany also sought to improve its relationship with the
countries of Eastern Europe, first establishing trade agreements and, subsequently, diplomatic relations.
With unification, German relations with the new democracies in central and Eastern Europe intensified.
On November 14, 1990, Germany and Poland signed a treaty confirming the Oder-Neisse border. They
also concluded a cooperation treaty on June 17, 1991. Germany concluded four treaties with the Soviet
Union covering the overall bilateral relationship, economic relations, the withdrawal of Soviet troops
from the territory of the former G.D.R., and German support for those troops. Russia accepted
obligations under these treaties as successor to the Soviet Union. Germany continues to be active
economically in the states of central and Eastern Europe and to actively support the development of
democratic institutions, bilaterally and through the EU.
Excerpted from U.S. Department of State’s Background Notes on Germany:
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3997.htm
QUO VADIS, GERMANY? MAKING SENSE OF BERLIN’S FOREIGN POLICY IN AN ERA OF GLOBAL CHANGE
(5/13/2011)
http://www.brookings.edu/events/2011/0513_germany_foreign_policy.aspx
In late 2010 and early 2011, the coalition government of German Chancellor Angela Merkel seemed, in a
number of important decisions, to signal a change in Germany’s foreign and European policy. In May
2011, the Center on the United States and Europe at Brookings (CUSE) and the Heinrich Boell Foundation
hosted a panel discussion examining the direction of Germany’s foreign policy. A summary of the event
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21ST CENTURY ISSUES
is included here, in addition to the full written transcript and an audio recording of the event. The panel
discussion reveals important ideas about the future of Germany’s foreign policy.
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
CUTTING CARBON COSTS: LEARNING FROM GERMANY’S ENERGY SAVING PROGRAM (03/2011)
http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2011/0317_germany_energy_power_zulauf/0317_ger
many_energy_power_zulauf.pdf
Germany is leading the way in developing “green” technologies and has the most ambitious
energy-saving program in Europe, aiming for a 30 percent reduction in energy usage by 2020,
and a 30 percent renewable energy share, consisting mainly of biomass, wind, and solar. Learn about
Germany’s energy saving program and how they can provide a model for the United States and the rest
of the world.
GERMANY’S NUCLEAR ENERGY BLUNDER (6/1/2011)
http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/germanys-nuclear-energyblunder/2011/05/31/AGjjGkGH_story.html
In the spring of 2011, Chancellor Angela Merkel endorsed a plan to close all of the country’s nuclear
power plants by 2022. This plan has caused heated debate between those concerned about the safety of
nuclear power plants, those concerned about the environment, and those who don’t think Germany has
sufficient alternate energy sources to cover the deficit. This editorial addresses these issues.
GERMANY: NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS TO CLOSE BY 2022 (5/30/2011)
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13592208
This BBC News: Europe article discusses Germany’s controversial decision to close all nuclear power
plants by 2022. This decision was made in the wake of the Fukushima disaster following the 2011
earthquake in Japan.
IT’S UP TO YOU AND ME, HERE AND ACROSS THE SEA (2009)
http://www.goethe.de/ins/us/lp/prj/top/mat/green/enindex.htm
The Transatlantic Outreach Program at the Goethe-Institut has created its own "green" curriculum for
educators, entitled It's Up to You & Me, Here & Across the Sea. It addresses issues of climate change, what
countries like the USA and Germany are doing to address the problems, and what students and schools
can do to raise awareness and address environmental issues. Order the printed workbook from the
Goethe-Institut, or download the materials (an introduction and four parts) from the website.
Additionally, Germany's Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety
has translated five of its volumes into English: Environment and Health, Biological Diversity, Climate
Protection & Policy, Renewable Energies, and Water in the 21st Century. All of these volumes use Germany
as an example when discussing environmental issues, and may be downloaded in PDF format from the
link above.
http://www.unc.edu/depts/europe/teachingresources/txt_secrets/txt_secrets_de.pdf
From the series “Teaching the European Union Through Language,” this short story describes
environmental issues to young children in German. It was produced by the European Commission and is
appropriate for an intermediate-level German language class.
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BOOKS/ FILMS/ NEWS AND LOCAL RESOURCES
BOOKS
LOOK WHAT CAME FROM GERMANY – KEVIN DAVIS (2000)
http://www.amazon.com/Look-What-Germany-KevinDavis/dp/0531164357/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1304450630&sr=1-1
This book describes many things that originally came from Germany, including inventions, vehicles,
household items, customs, animals, fairy tales, and food. Ages 4-8.
GERMANY (A TO Z) – JEFF E. REYNOLDS (2005)
http://www.amazon.com/Germany-Z-Jeff-Reynolds/dp/051625071X/ref=pd_sim_b_3
This book describes the geography, history, culture, industry, and people of Germany for children ages 912.
THE BLABBERMOUTHS: ADAPTED FROM A GERMAN FOLKTALE – GERDA MANTINBAND (1992)
http://www.amazon.com/Blabbermouths-Adapted-GermanFolktale/dp/0688106021/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1304451152&sr=1-1
It is a lucky day for a poor farmer when he meets an old lady on his way to the forest to cut some wood.
She offers him a chest of gold if he promises not to tell a soul where he got it. The farmer agrees and
indignantly replies, “Do you think I am a blabbermouth?” Once home, however, he promptly tells his
wife and son, and the news spreads throughout the village. Naturally, the magistrate believes the farmer
to be a thief. It is only through the shrewdness of the foolish man's wife that all ends well. Ages 4-9.
THE FROG WHO WOULD BE KING (BASED ON A GERMAN FOLK TALE) – KATE WALKER (1995)
http://www.amazon.com/Frog-Would-Based-GermanFolktale/dp/1572550201/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1304451152&sr=1-2
Reginald is an incurable dreamer among frogs, a little green nobody with big ideas and a great deal of
determination. His encounters with a beautiful princess, a crazy witch, and a smug magician make this an
exciting story of one frog's honor and distinction. Based on a German folktale, this story is appropriate
for children ages 4-8.
GERMANY: UNITED AGAIN (THE FALL OF COMMUNISM) – JEFFREY B. SYMYNKYWICZ (1996)
http://www.amazon.com/Germany-United-Again-FallCommunism/dp/0875186343/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1304451761&sr=1-2
A balanced account of German history. Written in an interesting style, the book portrays the excitement
of the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1990 and the worldwide efforts involved in reunifying the country.
Symynkywicz's objective and clear text goes back to Kaiser Wilhelm's creation of a "single united empire"
in 1871 and traces its downfall in World War I, the rise and defeat of Hitler, and the division of the country
after World War II. The author touches upon the many challenges that a reunified Germany faces and
describes its continued powerful influence in Europe and the world. Ages 12-16.
GETTING TO KNOW GERMANY AND GERMAN – JANINE AMOS (1993)
http://www.amazon.com/Getting-Know-Germany-German-Janine/dp/0812015339/ref=pd_sim_b_3
Children ages 8 through 12 enjoy a guided tour of Germany, with German landmarks, culture, history,
foods, and much more. The text is in English but many of the illustrations are bilingual, and the last six
pages present an introduction to German words and phrases.
KING OF MAGIC, MAN OF GLASS: A GERMAN FOLK TALE – JUDITH KINTER (1998)
http://www.amazon.com/King-Magic-Man-GlassGerman/dp/0395797306/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1304451152&sr=1-3
Hardworking Rudolf lives in the Black Forest of Germany with his adoring mother Anna. Although
surrounded by beauty, the young man sees only misery. Pained by her son's unhappiness, Anna
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reluctantly reveals that he, as the "son of a seventh son," has a godfather with magical powers. Ignoring
his mother's words of caution, Rudolf sets off to seek his fortune. He makes three visits to his godfather,
each time asking for money, and an increasingly angry and threatening benefactor grants his illmannered requests. After traveling the world and living like a king, Rudolf discovers that his greed has
turned his heart to glass. Realizing that gold can't buy happiness, he returns to his mother a poor but
happy man.
NIGHT – ELIE WIESEL (2006)
http://www.amazon.com/Night-Oprahs-Book-ClubWiesel/dp/0374500010/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1307395452&sr=1-1
In Nobel laureate Elie Wiesel's memoir Night, a scholarly, pious teenager is wracked with guilt at having
survived the horror of the Holocaust and the genocidal campaign that consumed his family. His memories
of the nightmare world of the death camps present him with an intolerable question: how can the God he
once so fervently believed in have allowed these monstrous events to occur? There are no easy answers in
this harrowing book, which probes life's essential riddles with the lucid anguish only great literature
achieves. It marks the crucial first step in Wiesel's lifelong project to bear witness for those who died. Ages
16 and older.
SOMEONE CALLED EVA - JOAN M. WOLF (2007)
http://www.amazon.com/Someone-Named-Eva-Joan-Wolf/dp/0618535799
When resistance fighters assassinated the highest ranking Nazi officer in Czechoslovakia, Hitler sought
revenge on the small village of Lidice. The men were executed and the women were sent to a
concentration camp. Ten Lidice children, however, exemplified Aryan traits and were selected for
"Germanization." They were sent to Lebensborn training centers, forced to speak only German, given new
names, indoctrinated into the Nazi ideology, and adopted by German families. Based on extensive
research and interviews with survivors, Wolf tells the heart-wrenching story of the fictional Milada, who is
sent to a Lebensborn center and adopted by a German family. Readers gain a painful understanding of her
intense struggle to hold onto her true self and identity. Ages 9-12.
THE SUNFLOWER: ON THE POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITS OF FORGIVENESS – SIMON WIESENTHAL (1996)
http://www.amazon.com/Sunflower-Possibilities-Forgiveness-Expanded-Paperback/dp/0805210601
Author Simon Weisenthal recalls his demoralizing life in a concentration camp and his envy of the dead
Germans who have sunflowers marking their graves. At the time he assumed his grave would be a mass
one, unmarked and forgotten. Then, one day, a dying Nazi soldier asks Weisenthal for forgiveness for his
crimes against the Jews. What would you do? This important book, and the provocative question it poses,
has given birth to debates, symposiums, and college courses. The Dalai Lama, Harry Wu, Primo Levi, and
others who have witnessed genocide and human tyranny answer Wiesenthal's ultimate question on
forgiveness. Ages 16 and older.
THE WATER OF LIFE: A TALE FROM THE BROTHERS GRIMM - BARBARA ROGASKY (1991)
http://www.amazon.com/Water-Life-Tale-BrothersGrimm/dp/0823409074/ref=sr_1_6?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1304451152&sr=1-6
This is a retelling of a little-known tale from Grimm. Three brothers weep at their father's fatal illness
until an old man tells them of a magic cure, the Water of Life. Each in turn sets out to find the cure, but
because the older two have unpure motives and are mean-spirited, they do not succeed. The youngest
son, through kindness and perseverance, attains the magic fluid and the love of a princess who promises
to wait a year for his return. Tricked by the older brothers who substitute bitter sea water in his goblet
and present the Water of Life to their father as their own achievement, the youngest brother is banished.
At the end of the year, the false brothers try to win the princess, but the youngest once again wins the
prize through strength of character and purity of motive. Ages 5-10.
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BOOKS/ FILMS/ NEWS AND LOCAL RESOURCES
SUMMER OF MY GERMAN SOLDIER – BETTE GREENE (1973)
http://www.amazon.com/Summer-German-Soldier-Young-Puffin/dp/014130636X
A modern classic, this book takes place in a small town in Arkansas that becomes a camp to house German
prisoners during World War II. A story of a friendship, this book is thoughtful, moving, and hard-hitting.
Ages 9-12.
THE DIARY OF A YOUNG GIRL – ANNE FRANK (1947, 2010)
http://www.amazon.com/Diary-Everymans-Library-ClassicsContemporary/dp/0307594009/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1308861922&sr=1- 1
A timeless story rediscovered by each new generation, The Diary of a
Young Girl stands without peer. For both young readers and adults it
"The single most compelling
continues to capture the remarkable spirit of Anne Frank. This diary is
personal account of the
among the most enduring documents of the twentieth century. Since its
Holocaust remains astonishing
publication in 1947, it has been read by millions of people all over the
and excruciating."
world. It remains a cherished and greatly admired testament to the
The New York Times
indestructible nature of the human spirit. Ages 9 and older.
THE BOOK THIEF – MARKUS ZUSAK (2006)
http://www.amazon.com/Book-Thief-Markus-Zusak/dp/0375831002
Zusak has created a work that deserves the attention of sophisticated teen and adult readers. Death
himself narrates the World War II-era story of Liesel Meminger from the time she is taken, at age nine, to
live in Molching, Germany, with a foster family in a working-class neighborhood of tough kids, acidtongued mothers, and loving fathers who earn their living by the work of their hands. The child arrives
having just stolen her first book. Across the ensuing years of the late 1930s and into the 1940s, Liesel
collects more stolen books as well as a peculiar set of friends: the boy Rudy, the Jewish refugee Max, the
mayors reclusive wife (who has a whole library from which she allows Liesel to steal), and especially her
foster parents. Zusak not only creates a mesmerizing and original story but also writes with poetic syntax,
causing readers to deliberate over phrases and lines, even as the action impels them forward. Ages 13 and
older.
THE BOY IN THE STRIPED PAJAMAS – JOHN BOYNE (2006)
http://www.amazon.com/Boy-Striped-Pajamas-John-Boyne/dp/0385751060
This book is set in Berlin in 1942. When Bruno is still young, his family moves to a new house far away,
where there is no one to play with and nothing to do. A tall fence running alongside stretches as far as the
eye can see and cuts him off from the strange people he can see in the distance. But, Bruno longs to be an
explorer and decides that there must be more to this desolate new place than what meets the eye. While
exploring his new environment, he meets another boy whose life and circumstances are very different to
his own, and their meeting results in a friendship that has devastating consequences. Ages 13 and older.
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:
1. Describe five ways that Germany has impacted your life (heritage, people,
culture, history food, language, travel, etc).
2. Do you or anyone you know have German ancestors? If so, discuss any family
traditions that stem from this German Background.
3. What are some of Germany’s contributions to American society (inventions,
words, ingredients, etc) and how have they affected your life?
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BOOKS/ FILMS/ NEWS AND LOCAL RESOURCES
FEATURE FILMS
Please preview all films before showing them in class. Not all films are appropriate for school-aged
audiences.
Highly recommended by
Professor Sabine Lang.
THE LIVES OF OTHERS (2006)
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0405094/
In 1984 East Berlin, an agent of the secret police, conducting surveillance on a writer and his lover, finds
himself becoming increasingly absorbed by their lives.
DAS VERSPRECHEN (1995)
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0111613/
Das Versprechen, which translates to “The Promise,” is a story about star-crossed lovers in 1961 that are
separated by the Berlin Wall for nearly thirty years. Rated R for sexual content and language.
ESCAPE FROM EAST BERLIN (1962)
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0055962/
In January of 1962, 29 East Berliners escaped to West Berlin via a tunnel they dug beneath the Berlin
Wall. Their efforts to evade the suspicions of the East German police, their fear of betrayal by inquisitive
neighbors, and the exhaustion of the digging are only a few of the difficulties face by the group. This film
conveys their story.
THE TUNNEL (2001)
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0251447/
The Tunnel is loosely based on a true story of a group of East Berliners escaping to the West. Harry
Melchior is able to escape from East Berlin, and is determined to arrange for his sister and her family to
escape to the West as well. The idea of the tunnel is born, but the project struggles against logistics,
betrayal, and East German police.
GOODBYE LENIN! (2003)
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0301357/
In 1990, to protect his fragile mother from a fatal shock after a long coma, a young man must keep her
from learning that her beloved nation of East Germany as she knew it has disappeared. Rated R for
sexuality and brief language.
NOWHERE IN AFRICA (2001)
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0161860/
A Jewish family from Germany moves to Kenya shortly before the Second World War, but not all
members of the family come to an agreement with their new life. Shortly after their departure, things
change very quickly in Germany, and going back home seems impossible. Rated R for sexual content.
THE BOY IN THE STRIPED PAJAMAS (2008)
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0914798/
Bruno, the son of a wealthy SS Commander, relocated to the countryside with his family during World
War II. There his father takes command of a prison camp. Finding himself lonely, Bruno goes wandering
and stumbles upon Shmuel, another youth who is strangely dressed in striped pajamas. Bruno will soon
find out that he is not permitted to befriend Jews, and that the neighboring yard is actually a prison camp
for Jews awaiting extermination. (Based on the book by the same name.)
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BOOKS/ FILMS/ NEWS AND LOCAL RESOURCES
EIN FREUND VON MIR (2006)
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0441762/
Translating to A Friend of Mine, Ein Freund Von Mir tells the story of a young urban professional in
modern-day Germany who, by chance, gets to know a casual laborer. The movie is almost entirely
devoted to showing the development of their friendship.
DOCUMENTARIES
Please preview all films before showing them in class. Not all films are appropriate for school-aged
audiences.
AFTER THE FALL
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHM7cwpydwE
A documentary exploring the aftermath of the Berlin Wall's fall, the film features interviews in English
and German with long-time residents and foreign visitors/residents from both sides of the former divide.
This description was taken from the IMDB website. Extensive supplemental teaching materials are
available for this documentary through The University of North Carolina’s Center for European Studies
and Global Television program. (http://www.unc.edu/areastudies/publicprograms/globaltv/0409after_the_fall.pdf).
TEST THE WEST! METAMORPHOSIS IN EAST GERMANY (1991, 1994)
http://www.coastlinevideo.com/Documentaries/Testwest.html
The two-part documentary Test the West! follows the progress of East Germany's metamorphosis over a
period of three years, from 1990 to 1993. Produced by a native of East Germany, the video deals with the
issue of reunification from an insider's perspective - documenting the initial chaos, the hopes and dreams
of the people, their frustrations with the new system and the slow process of the country's rebuilding.
The documentary can be purchased through the Coastline Productions website. Additional resources
and a teacher’s guide for using this documentary in the classroom are also available.
MY SECOND LIFE: EAST GERMAN WOMEN IN A CHANGED WORLD (1996)
http://www.coastlinevideo.com/Documentaries/MSL.html
This video offers a deeper insight into the complex process of German reunification by letting East
German women speak for themselves - and the wide range of their responses proves that a story is never
as black and white as newspaper headlines might make it appear. This 53-minute documentary offers a
look at the consequences of reunification for the women of East Germany. The documentary can be
purchased through the Coastline Productions website.
THE FALL OF THE BERLIN WALL (1990)
http://www.amazon.com/Fall-Berlin-Peter-Claus-Schmidt/dp/6301817710
This home video report details the Berlin Wall’s creation, stormy history, and dismantling. Created
shortly after the Berlin Wall came down, the film captures many of the emotions and issues of the era.
THE WALL – BERLIN WALL DOCUMENTARY (1962)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nch5MbnvTqY
Created in 1962, The Wall is a 9-minute documentary sharing personal stories of how families were
affected immediately after the erection of the Berlin Wall.
GERMAN NEWS SOURCES
GERMANY COUNTRY PROFILE
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/
1047864.stm#media
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BOOKS/ FILMS/ NEWS AND LOCAL RESOURCES
The BBC News Country Profile on Germany gives a brief overview of media in Germany and provides a list
of newspaper, television, and radio websites.
DIE BUNDESREGIERUNG DEUTSCHLAND
http://www.bundesregierung.de/Webs/Breg/EN/Homepage/home.html
Press releases and news from the federal government of Germany.
SPIEGEL INTERNATIONAL ONLINE
http://www.spiegel.de/international/
One of Germany’s largest weekly newspapers offers English translations online of its cover stories and
feature articles on international affairs.
THE MUNICH TIMES
http://www.munich-times.com/
Daily News for English-speakers living in Munich.
NEWS LINK
http://newslink.org/eugerm.html
A list of additional German newspapers that are available online.
Suggested Activity: Ask your
students to visit a few German
newspaper websites to see what’s in
the news that week. Compare this to
what they see being reported in
American newspapers during the
same week.
DEUTSCHE WELLE
http://www.dw-world.de/
“Your link to Germany˝ (in English).
GENERAL LESSON PLANS, ACTIVITIES, AND TEACHER RESOURCES
A KID LIKE ME ACROSS THE SEA: THE LIFE OF A GERMAN CHILD (2005)
http://www.toponline.org/books/kits/a%20kid%20like%20me/A%20Kid%20Like%20Me/introduction.ht
ml
This collection of lesson plans was created to develop and disseminate exemplary lessons for teaching
about the role of the Federal Republic of Germany in the European Union. Geared toward elementary
school students, these lessons are designed so that they may be used individually via integration into the
curriculum, or collectively as a complete stand-alone unit. Lessons include handouts, worksheets, and
transparencies or power point slides including maps, charts, timelines, and photographs. Topics include
the geography, history, politics, and economics of Germany. This resource was developed by the
Transatlantic Outreach Program at the Goethe-Institut.
RACE 4 THE FUTURE ONLINE GAME
http://www.toponline.org/games/race/goethe.html
This interactive web-based game allows high school students to explore Berlin while receiving clues from
kiosks spread throughout the city. It features visits to the Brandenburg Gate, Sony Center, Reichstag,
KaDeWe and much more! This game takes between 60-90 minutes to complete. A fast internet
connection is highly recommended.
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BOOKS/ FILMS/ NEWS AND LOCAL RESOURCES
OUTREACH WORLD: A RESOURCE FOR TEACHING KIDS ABOUT THE WORLD
http://www.outreachworld.org/index.asp
Outreach World is an online community of educators dedicated to showcasing the achievements of its
members and strengthening vital links across the education spectrum, and between the United States
and the world. The goal of Outreach World is to populate the website with educational materials
relevant to all global regions, grade levels, themes and disciplines; recommended resources; a calendar
of events and professional development opportunities; links to organizations and agencies; topics and
regions, Outreach World hosts many lesson plans about Germany and the European Union.
PHOTOS OF GERMANY FROM CIA WORLD FACTBOOK
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/photo_gallery/gm/photo_gallery_
A1_gm_1.html
The CIA World Factbook has more than 50 photographs of Germany available on their website. Unless
otherwise noted, these photos are public domain and copyright free. The only request is that the CIA be
cited as the source of the photographs. Pictures can be an excellent teaching tool and we invite you to
consider using these in your lesson plans on Germany.
FREE RICE GAME
http://freerice.com/category
Your students can choose between geography, world capitals, flags of the world, or German languages
quizzes in this interactive online game.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC: GERMANY
http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/germany-guide/?source=A-to-Z
National Geographic’s country profile on Germany includes fast facts, photographs, and interactive maps
for Germany.
GOETHE-INSTITUT USA: TRANSATLANTIC OUTREACH PROGRAM
http://www.goethe.de/ins/us/lp/prj/top/enindex.htm
The goal of the Transatlantic Outreach Program (TOP) is to “encourage cross-cultural dialogue and to
provide educators with global understanding from an international perspective using Modern Germany as
the basis for comparison and contrast.
WHY GERMANY?
According to the 2000 U.S. Census, more Americans declared German as their primary ancestry than any
other single ancestry. Germany is home to the world's fourth largest economy by GDP and is the world's
second largest exporter. Germany is a prime mover in European integration and was a founding member of
the European Union. Germany is an immigrant nation, bordered by more nations than any other in Europe.
Germany is a global leader in environmental protection and “green” technologies. And perhaps most
importantly, Germany and the USA share common problems and can work together to find common
solutions.
We invite you to explore our website and see how TOP, through its teaching materials, workshops, and allexpense-paid study tours can benefit your classroom!”
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BOOKS/ FILMS/ NEWS AND LOCAL RESOURCES
LOCAL GERMANY-RELATED ORGANIZATIONS
CENTER FOR WEST EUROPEAN STUDIES
http://jsis.washington.edu/cwes/
The Center for West European Studies at the University of Washington’s Jackson School of International
Studies is a federally funded National Resource Center dedicated to enhancing the quality of teaching
and research on West European politics, society, and culture through outreach to universities, business,
the general public, and the K-12 community. Country specific resource-lists are available, including one
on Germany: http://jsis.washington.edu/cwes/links/links_countries.shtml#ger.
EUROPEAN UNION CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
http://jsis.washington.edu/euc/educators/
The European Union Center of Excellence at the University of Washington is one of ten centers in the
United States funded by the European Commission to promote the study of the EU, its institutions and
policies and EU-US relations through teaching programs, scholarly research and outreach activities.
Extensive online resources are available for students, educators, faculty, and community members,
including sample curriculum on the European Union
(http://jsis.washington.edu/euc/educators/curricula.shtml).
GERMAN HERITAGE SOCIETY
http://germanheritagesociety.org/
The German Heritage Society promotes the preservation of heritage, language and culture of all German
speaking people and those of German ancestry, and promotes unity, cooperation and goodwill between
all German speaking organizations and individuals in the Pacific Northwest. They hold frequent events at
the German House in Seattle.
SEATTLE ART MUSEUM
http://www.seattleartmuseum.org/
The Seattle Art Museum has a number of German pieces, including the newly added Susan and Jeffrey
Brotman Collection, a major international collection with a concentration of contemporary German
artists such as Anselm Kiefer and Sigmar Polke.
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INTEGRATING STEM TOPICS INTO YOUR TEACHING
INTEGRATING STEM TOPICS INTO YOUR TEACHING
Global Classroom supports the Washington STEM Initiative which seeks to improve student achievement and
opportunity in areas critical to our state’s economic prosperity: Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics (STEM). The Initiative aims to catalyze innovation in the state’s K-12 education system, increase
teacher effectiveness and student learning, and dramatically raise the number of Washington students
graduating ready for college and work and succeeding in STEM degree programs. These efforts are intended to
benefit every student in the state, with a particular emphasis on accelerating the achievement of low-income
and minority students.
Below are resources that might help you integrate STEM into your into your humanities/social studies
classroom. We encourage you to pass these suggestions on to your colleagues in other subject areas. All of the
resources below incorporate STEM into their lesson plans.
IT’S UP TO YOU AND ME, HERE AND ACROSS THE SEA (2009)
http://www.goethe.de/ins/us/lp/prj/top/mat/green/enindex.htm
The Transatlantic Outreach Program at the Goethe-Institut has created its own "green" curriculum for
educators, entitled It's Up to You & Me, Here & Across the Sea. It addresses issues of climate change, what
countries like the USA and Germany are doing to address the problems, and what students and schools
can do to raise awareness and address environmental issues. Order the printed workbook from the
Goethe-Institut, or download the materials (an introduction and four parts) from the website.
Additionally, Germany's Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety
has translated five of its volumes into English: Environment and Health, Biological Diversity, Climate
Protection & Policy, Renewable Energies, and Water in the 21st Century. All of these volumes use Germany
as an example when discussing environmental issues, and may be downloaded in PDF format from the
link above.
BANKING ON THE EURO (1/1/1999)
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/europe/jan-june99/euro_1-1.html
This is a PBS Online NewsHour discussion between four policy experts regarding the political and
economic ramifications of a unified currency in Europe. Listen to the audio version or read the full
written transcript.
ECONOMIC ISSUES IN GERMANY
http://www.goethe.de/ins/us/atl/pro/top/pdf/lponeil.pdf
This extensive lesson plan from the Goethe-Institut allows students to compare and contrast the
command and market economic systems and explain the effects on the former East Germans as they
have transitioned from the command to the market economy. Includes an extensive set of worksheets
and word searches to help students grasp economic issues, using East Germany as the core example.
The lesson plan is geared towards middle school students who are studying introductory economics.
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INTEGRATING STEM TOPICS INTO YOUR TEACHING
GERMAN REUNIFICATION MODEL NOT FOR SEOUL
(11/4/2005)
http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1548286,00.html
This Deutsche Welle article puts forth an argument for
why German’s reunification process does not provide a
good model for Korea, largely due to economic
differences.
Suggested STEM activity: Use the CIA
World Factbook entries on Germany,
North Korea, and South Korea to
compare their economic statuses. Do
you agree or disagree with this article
from Deutsche Welle?
GERMANY (3/2009)
http://wwwpub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/cnpp2009/country
profiles/Germany/ Germany2008.html
This publication from the International Atomic Energy Agency gives extensive data, history, charts, and
maps of nuclear power in Germany. Please note that it was published in 2009, before the changes to
Germany’s nuclear power plan in 2011.
The following three websites contain data and statistics on Germany. You may want to encourage students
to explore these resources and compare the economic data, population statistics, or geographical
information for Germany with the rest of the world.
BBC NEWS – COUNTRY PROFILE ON GERMANY
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1047864.stm
A brief overview of Germany and its economy, people, and government. This website also includes useful
data and statistics on geographic features of Germany as well as economic measures such as GDP.
CIA WORLD FACTBOOK – COUNTRY PROFILE ON GERMANY
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html
The CIA official data on Germany. This fact page contains statistics and measurements in the geography,
economy, communication, and population of Germany that are particularly useful in comparing Germany
to other countries
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE’S BACKGROUND NOTES ON GERMANY
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3997.htm
These notes include facts about the people, history, government, political conditions, economy, foreign
relations, U.S. relations and travel/business of Germany. Similar to CIA country profile, this website
provides data and statistics that would be useful for STEM projects.
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