V
A
ward becomes a foft globular umbilicated Berry,
having
pur Cells inclofing fmall Seeds.
The Species are
1. V A C C I N I U M cauU angulato, foliis ferratis
annuis.
tin. Flor. Common Black-whorts, or Bilberries.
2. V A C C I N I U M foliis perennantibus, cbverfe ovatis.
tin. Flor. Ever-green Red-whorts, or Whortleberries.
^ . V A C C I N I U M ramis filiformibus repentibus, foliis ovatis
perennantibus. Lin. Flor. Cranberries, or Bog-whorts.
The firft Sort grows very common upon large wild
Heaths*- in many Parts of England; but is never culti­
vated in Gardens, it being with great Difficulty tranfplanted ; nor will it thrive when it is remov'd thither: for from
many Trials which I have made, by taking up the Plants
at different Seafons, and planting them into Gardens, I
could never fucceed fo as to preferve the Plants above two
Years, and thofe never produc'd any F r u i t ; fo that it is
not worth the Trouble of cultivating.
The Fruit of this Sort is gathered by the poor Inhabit­
ants o f thofe Villages which aire fituated in the Neigh­
bourhood of their Growth, and carried to the Markettowns. Thefe ate bf fome eaten with Cream or M i l k •,
they are alfo put into Tarts, and much efteem'd by the
People in the North ; but they are feldom brought to'
London. T h e Shrub on which thefe grow, rifes about two
Feet high, having many Stems which are garnifh'd'Vith
oblong Leaves, fhap'd like thofe of the Box-tree, but
fomewhat longer; and are a little fa wed on their Edges.
The Flowers are of a greenifh Colour, fhap'd like thofe
of the Arbutus, or Strawberry-tree, of a greenifh-white
Colour, changing to a dark-red toward the T o p . T h e
Fruit are about the Size of large Juniper-berries, and of
a deep-purple Colour ; having a Flue upon them when
they are untouch'd, like the blue Plums which rub off
with handling.
T h e fecorid Sort is of much humbler Growth, feldom
rifing above fix or eight Inches high. T h e Leaves of this
Sort are fo like that of the Dwarf-box, as that, at a D i ilance, the Plants are often taken for it by Perfons of Skill.
T h i s is an ever-green Shrub, which grows upon moory
Ground in feveral Parts of the North i but it is full as dif­
ficult td tfanfplant into Gardens, as the other Soft •, tho'
I have been afilir'd by Perfons of Credit, that they have
feen this Sort planted to make Edgings to the Borders of
the Gardens in Norway and Sweden ; where the Plants
may grow much better from the Cold of thofe Climates,
than they will do in England ; for this is a Native of very
cold Countries. I have feveral times receiv'd Plants of
this Sort from Greenland, by the Whale-Ships. T h e Ber­
ries of this Sort are red, and have a more agreeable acid
Flavour than thofe of the firft Sort. T h i s Fruit is fre­
quently Us'd for Tarts in feveral of the Northern Coun­
ties, where the Plants grow wild upon the Moors.
T h e third Sort produces long flender Branches, not big­
ger than Thread, which trail upon the mofTy B o g s ; fo are
often hid by the Mofs. Thefe Branches are thinly garnifh'd with fmall Leaves, about the Size and Shape o f
thofe of T h y m e ; having their upper Surface of a fhininggreen Colour, but are white underneath. T h e Flowers
are generally produc'd toward the Extremity of the Shoots,
which are in Shape like thofe of the former Sorts; but are
fmaller, and of a red Colour. Thefe grow upon long flen­
der Footftalks, and are fucceeded by round red fpotted
Berries, of a (harp acid Flavour which are much efteem'd
by the Inhabitants of the Places near the Bogs where they
grow. Some ufe them for Tarts, and others eat them
with Milk or Cream.
This Sort is a Native of Bogs, therefore cannot by any
Art be propagated upon dry L a n d : but where there are
natural Bogs, the Plants may be taken up carefully, pre­
serving fome of the Soil to their Roots, and tranfplanted
into the Bogs in the Autumn ; and if they are once fix'd
in the Place, they wili fpread and propagate themfelves in
great Plenty, and require no farther Care.
The two Sorts firft-mention'd alfo propagate very faft
by their creeping Roots •, fo that when they are fixed in a
proper Soil, they will foon overfpread the Ground ; as
the Heaths upon which they naturally grow, are generally
cover'd with the Plants. T h e firft Sort grows with the
V
A
Heath, their Roots intermixing together, and frequently
is found upon fandy Heaths in divers Parts of England;
but the fecond Sort grows only upon moorifh Land, where,
by its creeping Roots, the Ground is foon cover'd with the
Plants.
There are feveral other Species of this Genus, fome o f
which are Natives of Spain and Portugal, others of Ger­
many and Hungary, and fome of the Northern Parts of
America, from whence thofe large Fruit are brought to
England, which are us'd by the Paftry-cooks of London,
during the Winter-feafon, for T a r t s : but as all thefe Sorts
naturally grow upon Swamps and Bogs, they are not eafy
to tranfplant into Gardens, fo as to thrive, or produce Fruit;
therefore there can be little Hopes of having thofe Sorts
in England.
V A L E R I A N A [fo call'd of valere, Lat. to avail •, becaufe of its great Virtues : Or of Valerius, who firft made
ufe of this Plant in Phyfic. It is the true Phu of Diofcorides, or of the Antients; in Greek <py, o f <pu&>, to be born;
or Phu, of Phy, a Pontic Word ; which laft denotes th«
penetrating Odour of this R o o t ] , Valerian.
The Characters are;
, The Leaves grow by Pairs, oppofite upon the Stalk:
the Flower confifts of one Leaf3 is tubulofe, and divided
into five Segments at the Top: thefe Flowers are, for the
mofi part, collected into a fort of Umbel upon the Tbp of
the Stalks; and are fucceeded by oblong flat Seeds, which are
wing'd with a foft Down.
The Species are
1. V A L E R I A N A hortenjis, Phu olufatri folioDiofcoridis.
C.B.P.
Great Garden Valerian, or Phu.
2. V A L E R I A N A fylveflris magna aqiiatiea. J. B. Great
wild Water Valerian.
3. V A L E R I A N A major fylveflris montana. C. B. P.
Great wild Mountain Valerian.
4. V A L E R I A N A paluflris minor. C. B. P. Small Marfli
Valerian.
5. V A L E R I A N A rubra. C. B. P.
R e d Garden Vale­
rian.
6. V A L E R I A N A rubra anguftifolia. C.B.P.
Narrowleav'd red Garden Valerian.
7. V A L E R I A N A marina latifolia major alba. Mor.
Umb. Great broad-leav'd white Sea Valerian.
8. V A L E R I A N A Alpina, foliis integris, radice repente,
inodora. Raii Hiji.
Alpine Valerian, with undivided
Leaves, and a creeping R o o t , without Smell.
9. V A L E R I A N A Alpina prima. C. B. P.
T h e firft
Alpine Valerian of Cafpar Bauhin.
10. V A L E R I A N A y Alpina altera. C. B. P.
Another
Alpine Valerian of Cafpar Bauhin.
1 1 . V A L E R I A N A Alpinav fcrophulari'<e folio.
C.B.P.
Alpine Valerian, with a Figwort-leaf.
12. V A L E R I A N A montana, fubrotundo folio.
C.B.P.
Mountain Valerian, with a roundifh Leaf.
13. V A L E R I A N A Alpina* nardo Celtic a fimilis. C.B.P.
Alpine Valerian, refembling the Celtic Spikenard.
14. V A L E R I A N A Cretica, filipendul* radice. Infl.R. H.
Candy Valerian, with a Dropwort-root.
15. V A L E R I A N A Celtica. Infi. R. H. CV///VValerian,
or Spikenard.
16. V A L E R I A N A marina angujlifolia, five minor alba.
Mor. Hifi. NarroW'leav'd or fmaller white Sea Valerian.
17. V A L E R I A N A Alpina minor. C. B. P.
Smaller
Alpine Valerian.
18. V A L E R I A N A tuberofa Imperati. Tourn. Cor. T u *
berofe-rooted Valerian of Imperatus.
19. V A L E R I A N A Orientalis angufiifolia, fioribus &
radice Valeriana hortenfis. Town. Cor. Narrow-leav'd
Eaftern Valerian, with the Flowers and Root of the Gar­
den Valerian.
20. V A L E R I A N A Orientalis, alliar'ne folio, flore albo.
Tourn. Cor. Eaftern Valerian, with a Sawce-alone-leaf,
and a white Flower.
21. V A L E R I A N A Orientalis, fifymbrii Matthioli folio.
Tourn. Cor. Eaftern Valerian, with a W ater-crefs*leaf.
22. V A L E R I A N A Orientalis minima, flore leucopha'o.
Tourn. Cor. T h e leaft Eaftern Valerian, with a whitifh
Flower.
23. V A »
T