International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 3 (2016) pp 1691-1693
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
Description of Technological Processes in Construction
Using Formal Language
Elena Korol
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University, MSUCE),
26; Yaroslavskoye shosse, 129337, Moscow, Russia.
Pavel Kagan
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University, MSUCE),
26; Yaroslavskoye shosse, 129337, Moscow, Russia.
Tatyana Barabanova
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University, MSUCE),
26; Yaroslavskoye shosse, 129337, Moscow, Russia.
Ilona Bunkina
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University, MSUCE),
26; Yaroslavskoye shosse, 129337, Moscow, Russia.
2. The section "Work on Formation of Sets (Blocks) of
Works" provides formation and editing of a set of works,
a task of organizational and technological
communications of works in the block, processing of
cyclic repetitions of sets of works in the block, the
automated creation of the schedule of operation of the
block according to the set communications and durations
of compound works, manual edition of the schedule,
formation of estimates of efficiency of organizational
and technological decisions on the basis of statistics on
performers, a salary, time.
3. The section "Work with Sets (Blocks) of Works"
provides formation of descriptive bills of work,
formation of the summary sheet of the main and
auxiliary materials, formation of the summary sheet of
requirement and cost of cars, formation of the summary
sheet of the equipment, formation of the summary sheet
of actions of operational control, formation of summary
instructions and rules of works on the basis of compound
graphic and text materials (function of a text editor),
registration of the schedule diagram of works, formation
of the summary sheet of actions of operational control on
the basis of the standard table, assembly and
configuration of the listed materials in the form of the
finished technological card.
4. The section "Calculator" provides calculations of
indicators of work in compliance with the main
objectives in the following statement: to set the volume
of work and to receive technical and economic indicators
and period of operation of a link; to set the volume and
duration and to receive technical and economic
indicators and demanded number of performers; to set
number of performers and volume and to receive
technical and economic indicators and settlement
Abstract
The technique of computer-aided design routings based on the
development of a formal language for the description of
technological processes, as well as the basic parameters of the
production base routings for further automatization. The
question of formalizing the description of technological
information can distinguish two principal methodological
approach: the development of a set of code statements, and
use of formal language. In systems design single technological
processes to describe the original data using formalized
problem-oriented languages, with more invariance and
therefore more versatile.
Keywords: formal language, technological cards, information
models, computer-aided design systems
For creation of the reference book of single works it is
necessary to prepare the list of works which are performed in
the construction organization, both own forces, and forces of
subcontractors. For these purposes it is offered to choose that
list of works which are performed in the construction
organization from budget reference books and subcontract
contracts or were carried out within the last year.
Thus, on the basis of use of similar information models of
elements of technological cards process of formation of
organizational and technological documentation considerably
becomes simpler [1, 9-15].
The main functions of created production base of
technological cards:
1. The section "Card File of Single Works" - provides
creation and editing of the separate description of the
single work (SW).
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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 3 (2016) pp 1691-1693
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
conclusion also sometimes G *. In a case when it is clear, in
what grammar the conclusion is considered, the index G can
be lowered.
For information about building processes, materials are
diagrams, drawings, sets of numbers, symbols, and text
description. The system should describe all this information to
present different character in a single alphanumeric form [3].
The majority of formal languages (created structures) are
constructed as follows: first, select the alphabet, or a
combination of the original characters that will build all the
expressions of the language, and then describes the syntax of
the language, that is, the rules for constructing meaningful
expressions. The letters in the alphabet of a formal language
may be letters of the alphabets of natural languages , and the
brackets, and special characters, etc. [4].
Of the letters, according to certain rules can make words and
expressions. Meaningful expressions are obtained in a formal
language, only if certain rules in the language of education.
For each set of formal language of these rules should be
strictly defined and the modification of any of them usually
leads to the emergence of new varieties (dialect) of the
language. On the issue of formalizing the description of
technological
information
are
two
fundamental
methodological approach: the development of a set of coding
sheets and the use of a special formal language.
In the design based on standard processes, you must first find
an appropriate standard process. In systems engineering unit
processes to describe the background using formal problemoriented languages that are more invariance and therefore
more versatile. For example, in mechanical processes
described using the grammars and language [5].
Applying this method to process card payments, for example,
for the production of spatial reinforcement cage of the column
should write phrases (preparation and cutting rebar to length,
bending clamps; production of inserts, assembly, mounting
the heating cable; slinging and submission to the installation
site, installing spacers; installation and mounting design
position, checking the accuracy of the installation, etc.)[6].
Next, organize, and select components: the action chosen, the
object on which the action takes place, the tool .Based on
these components, you can make the alphabet of non-terminal
symbols for the future of grammar. It will take the form:
N = {A, O, I, S},
where A - Action, O - Object, I - Instrument, S - Start
character. Each variable has to take a certain value. From the
set of all possible values of the alphabet of terminal symbols.
For simplicity, divide it into four sub alphabet according to
the partition of phrases into components. Then Ta - sub
alphabet constants denoting action.
Ta = {"Fix", "Collect", "Craft", "Set", "Bent", "Rigging",
"Check"}.
For convenience, define each constant icon, then
Ta = {ʕ , ʗ , ɶ, ʂ , ʖ , ʘ, ʮ}.
Similarly Ta – sub alphabet constants denoting objects.
To = {"Valves", "Clamps", "Bonnet spacer", "Cable"}.
Or what is the same
To = { ʮ , ҁ , ʮ, Ե }.
Finally, Ti – sub alphabet constants indicating instrument.
duration; to set number of performers and duration and
to receive the planned volume and technical and
economic indicators.
5. The section "Tasksetter" provides a through task and
change of tariff hour rates.
6. The section "Import export" ("converting of data")
provides loading of data from external systems of
storage, information transfer in external databases.
7. The section "System Interface" includes the system
menu, settings of indicators, setup of screens, flowers,
fonts; control of reference books of system.
The system should also provide a description of the
completeness of the data required for the computer-aided
design. If conditionally constant information (reference
standard, standard solutions, the selection algorithms making)
quite easily converted to a formalized form (lookup tables,
decision tables, tables of correspondences), the variable
information for this task is much more difficult [2].
Formal languages are considered as a set of sequences of
"symbols" from some alphabet. Symbol (letter) – a simple
indivisible sign.
Any final set of A = { a, b, c } can be the alphabet. Its
elements are called (abstract) symbols. It is possible to form
chains of symbols. For natural number of n 0 in the alphabet
of A any element of the Cartesian degree of An, i.e. sequence
of a1 is called as a chain of length of n... an. Such chain is
usually designated by a1... an. Also empty chain, or the chain
of length 0 designated is used. Any chains are designated by
small letters of the Greek alphabet, and symbols of Latin.
The set of all chains (final length) in the alphabet of A is
designated by A*. For any A A* is carried out. In particular,
when from definitions follows that A * = { }. It is obvious
that a set of A * always calculating and, if A, infinitely.
The main operation over chains is concatenation which
usually don't represent. It is defined by properties:
a1,... ,an b1,... ,bm a1,... an b1,... ,bm.
In relation to algebraic structure the concatenation represents
either semi-group, or monoids. Monoids if there is a single
operator. Unit of a concatenation is the gap. Chain (line) – the
ordered set of letters in the alphabet.
With phase structure set G = (N,T,P,S) where N alphabet of
non-terminal symbols (text variables); they are designated by
capital Latin letters; T the alphabet of terminal symbols (text
constants), terminal symbols are designated by small letters
from the beginning of the Latin alphabet; P ruled a final set
(or production); the rule has an appearance (T N) *, and
contains though one non-terminal symbol; S initial nonterminal symbol, S N.
Symbols of the integrated alphabet of V = T N (the alphabet
of signs) are designated by small letters from the end of the
Latin alphabet (u, v, w...).
The basic concept of grammars is the concept of a conclusion
and deductibility. If in grammar there is a rule, the chain
(speak also directly it is removed) is brought out of a chain for
one step. This relation is designated by G. The deductibility
relation for 0 or more steps is designated by G * (reflexive
and transitive short circuit of the relation of G) and is called
simply as the deductibility relation. The sequence of chains is
called as a conclusion of length of n 0. We will designate a
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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 3 (2016) pp 1691-1693
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
Ti = {"Workbench with manual machine for bending",
"Container blanks rods", "Container for finished products",
"Crane", "Rulers"}, or
Ti = {Ϣ, ϔ , Ϯ , ϯ , ϡ }.
It remains to add additional sub alphabet Td = {d1, d2, d3},
where d1 - null character («»), d2 - a symbol that separates the
operation of our production process from each other (. _), d3 symbol of the end of the process. The union of the
T = TaToTiTd.
The pre- recorded phrases by using the above constants and
variables:
1. ʕ ʮ Ϣ – "Fix" (ʕ ) "Valves"( ʮ ) "Workbench with
manual machine for bending" (Ϣ)
2. ʘ ʮ ϯ – "Rigging" (ʘ) "Valves" ( ʮ ) "Crane" (ϯ )
3. ʗ Ե d1 – "Collect" (ʗ ) "Cable" (Ե ) «» (d1), etc.
As a result, it becomes possible to describe the process of
making parts.
Structure of the products shows that formed grammatical
phrase that describes an action process. When the grammar's
start symbol takes the value d3, which means that the
description of the process is completed [7].
Based on the collected raw materials for technological design
in construction, and based on a study of the formalization
process, it can be concluded that it is possible to form the
main sections of standard routings in an automated mode [8].
[4]
Conclusion
[10]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
1. Developed a language for describing processes and basic
concepts of the language: the alphabet, the elements of
grammar, syntactic relations.
2. Use formal language for the description of the
technological process allows to improve the quality of
the design of organizational and technological
documentation for the production of concrete and
reinforcement works.
3. Developed a language for description of the
technological processes with the help of methods of
languages and grammars.
[11]
[12]
[13]
Acknowledgements
Paper completed as part of the Grant for state support of
scientific research conducted by leading scientific schools of
the Russian Federation No. 14.Z57.14.6545-NSH.
[14]
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