Sharon Seidman, Ph.D.
CAS 325A
Physical Development:
Ages 2 - 8
CAS 325A
Sharon Seidman, Ph.D.
Recall: Infant/Toddler
Development
More…
Physical Development Ages 2 - 8
1
Sharon Seidman, Ph.D.
CAS 325A
Trends
Cephalocaudal
Proximodistal
Increasing
Specificity
Control
Integration
Change
in rate
of growth
Change
in type
of growth
Physical Development Ages 2 - 8
2
Sharon Seidman, Ph.D.
CAS 325A
Preschool Changes
Body changes
Proportions
Mass
Rate of growth
Nutritional Needs
Food types
Fats/protein (dairy/meat)
Fresh vegetables/fruits
Recall Canalization
Calories
~ 1600 for preschool
School age
Depends on activity
Up to 3,300 (average 2,400)
Injuries ~ 0-4 Years
Physical Development Ages 2 - 8
3
Sharon Seidman, Ph.D.
CAS 325A
Injuries by Age & Cause
Car Seat Safety
Children Age 12 and Under in Back!
INFANT
WEIGHT
SEAT
TYPE
POSITION
TODDLER
Birth to 1 year Over 1 year &
& at least 20- Over 20-40 lbs
22 lbs.
Infant only or Convertible /
rear-facing
Forwardconvertible
facing
Rear-facing
Forwardonly
facing
YOUNG
CHILDREN
Over 40 lbs.
Ages 4-8,
unless 4'9''.
Belt
positioning
booster seat
Forwardfacing
Recall:
Grasping
Increasing:
Specificity
Dexterity
Coordination
Physical Development Ages 2 - 8
4
Sharon Seidman, Ph.D.
CAS 325A
Drawing Development
Combines motor & cognition
Progression
Marks
Shapes
Coordination of shapes (respresentation)
Increasing sophistication/realism
Drawing Development
Scribbling ~ 2 years
Emphasis on motion
Lack of control
Drawing Development
Early representation ~ Preschool
Basic shapes (~3 years)
Combinations of shapes
Designs & patterns
~4 years
Increasing sophistication
Pictorial
Recognizable objects
Physical Development Ages 2 - 8
5
Sharon Seidman, Ph.D.
CAS 325A
Drawing Development
Spatial relations ~ Kindergarten/1st Grade
Less reliance on component shapes
Understanding of relative size
Representation of perspective
Drawing Development
Realism ~ Primary grades
Internal proportions
Shading
Complexity
Gross motor follows same trends
Physical Development Ages 2 - 8
6
Sharon Seidman, Ph.D.
CAS 325A
Kindergarten Skills
Fine Motor Skills
Firm writing stroke
Pincer grasp of pen/pencil/crayong
Copy circle, square and triangle shape
Use scissors to cut wavy line
Gross Motor Skills
Running
Jumping, hopping
Kicking
Balance on one foot
Physical Development Ages 2 - 8
7